ASTM D4380-20

Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Construction Slurries

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the density of construction slurries in the laboratory and field. For freshly mixed slurry, this test method may be used as an indicator of mix proportions. For in-trench slurry or in-borehole slurry, a certain value may be specified for maintaining trench or borehole stability.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard depends on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities being used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of slurries used in slurry construction techniques, such as those used to drill borings, maintain trench stability, perform ground improvement, and form hydraulic barriers. This test method is modified from API Recommended Practice 13B.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.2.1 Note that unitless specific gravity is equivalent to SI density in g/cm3.  
1.2.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal of significant digits in the specified limit.  
1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2020
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.16 - Grouting

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4380 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Density of Construction Slurries
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4380; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
of slurries used in slurry construction techniques, such as those
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
used to drill borings, maintain trench stability, perform ground
methods for engineering design.
improvement, and form hydraulic barriers. This test method is
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
modified from API Recommended Practice 13B.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
nonconformance with this standard.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2.1 Note that unitless specific gravity is equivalent to SI
3 ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
density in g/cm .
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly
combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the
2. Referenced Documents
gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to com-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravita-
Fluids
tional system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
3
recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Data
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard:
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
API RP13B Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for
3
1.3.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated
Testing Drilling Fluids (Section 1)
value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated
3. Terminology
value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal of significant
digits in the specified limit.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3.2 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this
recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
4. Summary of Test Method
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
4.1 The mass of a fixed volume of the slurry is measured
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
using a mechanical balance. The weight of the slurry is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.16 on Grouting. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 198
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4380 − 12 D4380 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Density of BentoniticConstruction Slurries
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4380; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of slurries used in slurry construction techniques, such as those used
for barriers to control the horizontal movement of liquids. to drill borings, maintain trench stability, perform ground improvement,
and form hydraulic barriers. This test method is modified from API Recommended Practice 13B.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard, unless other units are also specified, such as density in
lbm/ftstandard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of
3
test results in units or lbm/gal. No other units of measurement are included in other than SI shall not be regarded as
nonconformance with this standard.
3
1.2.1 Note that unitless specific gravity is equivalent to SI density in g/cm .
1.2.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass
(lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems.
It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this
standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use
3
of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not be regarded as nonconformance
with this standard.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.3.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall
be rounded to the nearest decimal of significant digits in the specified limit.
1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.16 on Grouting.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2020. Published November 2012November 2020. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20062012
as D4380–84(2006).D4380–12. DOI: 10.1520/D4380-12.10.1520/D4380-20.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4380 − 20
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineerin
...