ASTM F1881-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Baseball Bat Performance Factor
Standard Test Method for Measuring Baseball Bat Performance Factor
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method offers a laboratory means to compare the relative performances of baseball bats.
Use of this test method can provide sports governing bodies a means to compare calculated batted-ball speed and other physical properties of the bats.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines a method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving the bat performance factor (BPF), and calculating batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball bats of any construction or material. The test method provides a quantitative measure of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR, BPF, and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the requirements defined in this test method.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:F1881–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Baseball Bat Performance Factor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1881; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method defines a method for determining bat 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution 3.1.1 balance point, n—distance to the center of mass of a
(BBCOR), deriving the bat performance factor (BPF), and bat when measured from the distal end of the bat knob.
calculating batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball 3.1.2 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR), n—COR
bats of any construction or material. The test method provides of a specific ball colliding with a bat as defined in this test
aquantitativemeasureofbatdynamicperformancethatmaybe method. See coeffıcient of restitution (COR).
used for comparison purposes. 3.1.3 bat performance factor (BPF), n—ratio of BBCOR to
1.2 The BBCOR, BPF, and BBS are each calculated from ball COR in accordance with this test method.
measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment 3.1.4 center of percussion (COP), n—also known as the
meeting the requirements defined in this test method. center of oscillation, length of a simple pendulum with the
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded same period as a physical pendulum, as in a bat oscillating on
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical a pivot. Forces and impacts at this location will not induce
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only axial reactions at the pivot point.
and are not considered standard. 3.1.5 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—measure of impact
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety efficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects after
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility impact divided by the relative speed of the objects before
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and impact.
health practices and to determine the applicability of regula- 3.1.6 moment of inertia (MOI), n—measure of mass distri-
tory limitations prior to use. bution relative to an axis of rotation. It is the product of the
mass multiplied by the square of the distance to the mass,
2. Referenced Documents
summed over the entire bat.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
F1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Resti-
tution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs 4.1 This test method offers a laboratory means to compare
F1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of the relative performances of baseball bats.
Baseballs and Softballs 4.2 Use of this test method can provide sports governing
F2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and bodies a means to compare calculated batted-ball speed and
Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat other physical properties of the bats.
5. Apparatus and Equipment
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
5.1 Test Balls—Officialballsapprovedforplayandtestedin
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.26 on
accordance with the following procedures. Perform ball com-
Baseball and Softball Equipment.
pression test of Test Method F1888 prior to ball COR test of
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
Test Method F1887.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1881 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/F1881-09.
5.1.1 Compression—300 to 375 lb at 0.25-in. deflection
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(1135 to 1668 N at 6.4 mm deflection). Compression values
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
determined in accordance with Test Method F1888. Balls to be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. labeled with compression value.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F1881–09
2 2
5.1.2 Weight—5.00 to 5.25 oz (142 to 149 g), balls to be 192 oz-in. (35 117 g-cm ). The actual MOI of the clamp
labeled with weight value. turntable assembly shall be determined and used in the
5.1.3 Size—9.00 to 9.50-in. circumference (228.6 to 241.3 performance calculations.
mm), balls to be labeled with size value.
5.1.4 COR—0.525 to 0.55
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F1881–05 Designation: F 1881 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Baseball Bat Performance Factor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1881; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method defines a method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution
(BBCOR), deriving the bat performance factor (BPF), and calculating batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball bats of
any construction or material. The test method provides a quantitative measure of bat dynamic performance that may be used for
comparison purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR, BPF, and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the
requirements defined in this test method.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F 1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
F 1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Baseballs and Softballs
F 2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 balance point, n—distance to the center of mass of a bat when measured from the distal end of the bat knob.
3.1.2 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR), n—COR of a specific ball colliding with a bat as defined in this test method.
See coeffıcient of restitution (COR).
3.1.3 bat performance factor (BPF), n—ratio of BBCOR to ball COR in accordance with this test method.
3.1.4 center of percussion (COP), n—also known as the center of oscillation, length of a simple pendulum with the same period
as a physical pendulum, as in a bat oscillating on a pivot. Forces and impacts at this location will not induce axial reactions at the
pivot point.
3.1.5 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n— measure of impact efficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects after
impact divided by the relative speed of the objects before impact.
3.1.6 moment of inertia (MOI), n—measure of mass distribution relative to an axis of rotation. It is the product of the mass
multiplied by the square of the distance to the mass, summed over the entire bat.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method offers a laboratory means to compare the relative performances of baseball bats.
4.2 Use of this test method can provide sports governing bodies a means to compare calculated batted-ball speed and other
physical properties of the bats.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.26 on
Baseball and Softball Equipment.
Current edition approved Oct.June 1, 2005.2009. Published October 2005.June 2009. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20042005 as
F 1881 – 045.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1881–09
5. Apparatus and Equipment
5.1 Test Balls—Official balls approved for play and tested in accordance with the following procedures. Perform ball
compression test of Test Method F 1888 prior to ball COR test of Test Method F 1887.
5.1.1 Compression—300to375lbat0.25-in.deflection(1135to1668Nat6.4mmdeflection).Compressionvaluesdetermined
in accordance with Test Method F 1888. Balls to be labeled with compression value.
5.1.2 Weight—5.00 to 5.25 oz (142 to 1
...
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