ASTM D5313/D5313M-12(2013)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Wetting and Drying Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rock for erosion control consists of individual pieces of natural stone. The ability of these individual pieces of stone to resist deterioration due to weathering action affects the stability of the integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence, the stability of construction projects, structures, shorelines, and stream banks.  
5.2 This test method is designed to determine the effects of wetting and drying action on the individual pieces of rock for erosion control and the resistance of the rock to deterioration. This test method was developed to be used in conjunction with additional test methods listed in Practice D4992. This test method does not provide an absolute value but rather an indication of the resistance to wetting and drying; therefore, the results of this test method are not to be used as the sole basis for the determination of rock durability.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the durability of rock for erosion control when exposed to wetting and drying conditions on slabs of rock. This weathering test exposes the rock to wetting and drying cycles similar to fluctuating water levels and weather conditions. The rock slabs, prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, are intended to be representative of erosion control rock and its weaknesses. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials.
The limitations of the test are twofold. First, the size of the cut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal defects present in the rock structure. The test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in construction. Careful examination of the rock source and proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation. Secondly, the test requires the rock slabs to be exposed to 80 wetting-drying cycles. The test is time intensive and will require approximately three months to complete the sample preparation, testing, and analysis portions of the procedure.  
1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials is beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.  
1.4.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.  
1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these consid...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jan-2013
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.17 - Rock for Erosion Control

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5313/D5313M − 12 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under
Wetting and Drying Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5313/D5313M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4.2 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
durability of rock for erosion control when exposed to wetting
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
and drying conditions on slabs of rock. This weathering test
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
exposes the rock to wetting and drying cycles similar to
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
fluctuatingwaterlevelsandweatherconditions.Therockslabs,
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, are
intended to be representative of erosion control rock and its increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
weaknesses.Thetestisappropriateforbreakwaterstone,armor commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
stone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials.
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
The limitations of the test are twofold. First, the size of the methods for engineering design.
cut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
defects present in the rock structure. The test specimens may
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used in construction. Careful examination of the rock source
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
andpropersamplingareessentialinminimizingthislimitation.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Secondly, the test requires the rock slabs to be exposed to 80
wetting-drying cycles. The test is time intensive and will
2. Referenced Documents
require approximately three months to complete the sample
preparation, testing, and analysis portions of the procedure.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials is D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
beyond the scope of this test method. Fluids
D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded sepa-
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
ratelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbe
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
may result in non-conformance with the standard.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Construction Materials Testing
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D4992Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
Erosion Control
1.4.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculated
D5121Practice for Preparation of Rock Slabs for Durability
value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated
Testing
value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
digits in the specified limits.
Data
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for Erosion
Control. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2013. Published February 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5313/D5313M– 12. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5313_D5313M-12R13. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5313/D5313M − 12 (2013)
3. Terminology erosion control and the resistance of the rock to deterioration.
Thistestmethodwasdevelopedtobeusedinconjunctionwith
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D653 for general defini-
additional test methods listed in Practice D4992. This test
tions.
method does not provide an absolute value but rather an
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
indicationoftheresistancetowettinganddrying;therefore,the
3.2.1 rock saw, n—a saw capable of cutting rock. The term
results of this test method are not to be used as the sole basis
“rock saw” shall include the blade which saws the rock, any
for the determination of rock durability.
components that control or power the sawing process or both,
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
and framework on which the blade and any other associated
dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
components are mounted. suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
3.2.2 slab, n—a section of rock having two smooth, ap-
and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are
proximately parallel faces, produced by two saw cuts. The
cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure
thicknessoftheslabisgenerallylessthantheotherdimensions reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740
provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.
of the rock.The slab will be the specimen of a rock which will
subsequently undergo durability tests. The words “slab” and
6. Apparatus
“specimen” are interchangeable throughout the test method.
3.2.3 armor stone, n—stone generally 900 to 2700 kg [1 to
6.1 Rock Saw—A laboratory diamond saw used to cut
3 tons] resulting from blasting, cutting, or by other methods geological and concrete specimens, or a diamond saw used for
placed along shorelines or in jetties to protect the shoreline
lapidary purposes, shall be acceptable. A minimum blade
from erosion due to the action of large waves. diameterof36cm[14in.]willbeneededtoobtaintherequired
slab sizes (a larger one is preferable). The blade shall be a
3.2.4 breakwater stone, n—stone generally 2700 to 18 000
circular diamond blade.
kg [3 to 20 tons] resulting from blasting, cutting, or by other
6.1.1 The rock saw apparatus shall have a fixed or remov-
methods placed along shorelines or in jetties to protect the
able vise to hold the samples during the cutting process. An
shoreline from erosion due to the action of large waves.
automatic feed (either gravity, hydraulic, or screwfeed oper-
3.2.5 riprap stone, n—stone generally less than 1800 kg [2
ated) that controls the cutting action is preferred; however, a
tons] specially selected and graded, when properly placed
manual feed is also acceptable. The saw shall have a platform
preventserosionthroughminorwaveaction,orstrongcurrents
to prevent the cut slab from falling and shattering.
and thereby preserves the shape of a surface, slope, or
underlying structure.
6.2 Containers—Of sufficient size to hold the specimens
fully immersed in potable water. It is advised that these
3.2.6 gabion-fill stone, n—stone generally less than 22 kg
containers be non-reactive, resistant to breakage, and resistant
[50 lb] and placed in baskets of wire or other suitable material.
to deformation and degradation when exposed to temperatures
These baskets are then tied together to form an integral
encountered in this test method.
structure designed to resist erosion along stream banks and
around bridge piers.
6.3 Drying Oven—Thermostatically controlled oven, ca-
pableofmaintainingauniformtemperatureof110 65°C[230
4. Summary of Test Method
6 9°F] throughout the drying chamber. These requirements
4.1 Erosion control rock samples are trimmed into saw-cut
typicallyrequiretheuseofaforced-drafttypeoven.Preferably
slab specimens. Each slab is structurally examined macro-
the oven should be vented outside the building.
scopically and under 20× magnification. The specimens are
6.4 Drying Apparatus—Infrared heat lamps (150 W) or a
exposed to 80 wetting-drying cycles. Each cycle consists of
thermostatically controlled oven capable of maintaining a
full immersion in potable water for a minimum of 12 h, then
uniform temperature of 65 6 5°C [150 6 9°F] throughout the
drying under infrared heat lamps or in an oven for a minimum
drying chamber.
of 6 h. At the completion of the test the percent loss by mass
for each specimen set is determined. A visual examination of
6.5 Stereomicroscope—Amicroscopeorothersuitablemag-
theslabsisperformedthroughoutandattheendoftesting.The
nifying device capable of at least 20× magnification for
typeofdeteriorationandchangestopreviouslynotedplanesof
examination of the specimen prior to and after testing.
weakness are recorded.
6.6 Balance—Abalance capable of determining the mass of
thespecimentothenearest0.1%ofthetotalmassmeetingthe
5. Significance and Use
requirements of Specification D4753.
5.1 Rock for erosion control consists of individual pieces of
6.7 Camera—Adigital or film camera capable of producing
natural stone. The ability of these individual pieces of stone to
good quality, color photographs for “before” and “after”
resistdeteriorationduetoweatheringactionaffectsthestability
photographs.
oftheintegralplacementofrockforerosioncontrolandhence,
thestabilityofconstructionprojects,structures,shorelines,and
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
stream banks.
5.2 This test method is designed to determine the effects of 7.1 A source of rock to be sampled shall be guided by the
wetting and drying action on the individual pieces of rock for principles in Practice D4992.
D5313/D5313M − 12 (2013)
7.2 Rock sources may be from mine, quarry, outcrop, or such a way that the slab fills most of the photograph. Wet or
fieldboulders.Visualobservationofcolor,texture,mineralogy, partially wet specimens usually show more detail than dry
or some other feature, will be the key to proper representative specimens. Include a scale in all photographs.
sampling.
9.3 Dry each trimmed slab in an oven to a constant mass
7.2.1 Arocksourcethatismacroscopicallyuniformshallbe
(60.1% of the total mass) at 110 6 5°C [230 6 9°F] and
represented by a minimum of five pieces of the material
record the mass. Rock that contains gypsum (calcium sulfate
obtained from separate locations within the source area. This
dihydrate), shall be dried at the 60°C [140°F] temperature
group is considered as a specimen set.
recommended in Test Method D2216.
7.2.2 A rock source that is macroscopically non-uniform
9.4 Begin the wetting sequence by placing each specimen,
shall be represented by a minimum of eight pieces of the
sawed surface down, in a container on a thin layer, 6 mm [ ⁄4
material obtained from separate locations within the source
in.], of plus No. 8 size sand.Add enough potable water to the
area. This group is considered as a specimen set.
container such that the specimen is fully immersed and let
7.2.3 Sample the rock types in their approximate proportion
stand at room temperature for a minimum of 12 h.
to the types that occur at the source.
9.5 Begin the drying sequence by decanting or siphoning
7.3 Planesofweaknesswillbeincludedineachsamplesuch
the water and placing the container in an oven at a temperature
that a determination may be made as to the durability of the
of65 65°C[150 69°F].Asanalternative,thesamplemaybe
various planes of weakness and their effect on the overall
dried under an infrared heat lamp such that the rock surface is
durability of a rock mass that would contain these planes of
40 to 50 cm [16 to 20 in.] from the lamp. Thoroughly dry the
weakness.
specimen for a minimum of 6 h.
7.4 Each rock sample shall be of sufficient size to provide
9.6 The completion of the wetting and drying sequences
the finished size specimens described in Section 8.
constitutes one wetting-drying cycle.
7.5 Inallcases,therockpiecesselectedforthesampleshall
9.7 At the completion of the drying sequence allow the
bechosentoberepresentativeofthemajorityoftherockatthe
samples to cool to ambient room temperature.
source. Rock pieces, as determined by their macroscopic
properties, which comprise less than 5 percent of the source 9.8 Repeat the process of wetting and drying in accordance
material,maybeignoredunlesstheirpresenceinasamplewill
with 9.4 and 9.5 for a total of 80 cycles.
significantlyaffectthetestresultsandsubsequentproposeduse
9.9 Preferably,thetestshallbeperformedcontinuouslyuntil
of the rock.
the specified number of cycles is obtained. However, if the test
7.6 Each piece will be of a size such that testing may must be interrupted, leave the samples at the ambient room
proceed without further mechanical crushing; however, the
temperature attained in 9.7 until the testing can be resumed.
chosenpiecesshallbeaslargeasthelaboratorycanhandlebut
9.10 Photograph and perform a qualitative examination on
in no case shall the sample be less than 125 mm [5 in.] on a
each slab as specified in Section 11.
side.
9.11 Upon completion of the 80 cycles, dry the largest
8. Preparation of Test Specimens
remaining piece of each slab in an oven to a constant mass and
record the mass as in accordance with 9.3.
8.1 Prepare a separate slab for each orientation of the
various planes of weakness unless all such planes can be
10. Quantitative Examination
intersected with one orientation.
10.1 For each slab perform the following calculation:
8.2 Saw each sample, as obtained in accordance with 7.2.1
% loss 5 A 2 B /A 3100 (1)
~ !
and 7.2.2, in accordance with Practice D5121. Each specimen
willbecutto65 65mm[2.5 60.25in.]thickandcutnormal
where:
to bedding or any potential planes of weakness that may be
A = oven dried mass of th
...