ASTM D5102/D5102M-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures
Standard Test Methods for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Compression testing of soil-lime specimens is performed to determine unconfined compressive strength of the cured soil-lime-water mixture to determine the suitability of the mixture for uses such as in pavement bases and subbases, stabilized subgrades, and structural fills.
5.2 Compressive strength data are used in soil-lime mix design procedures: (a) to determine if a soil will achieve a significant strength increase with the addition of lime; (b) to group soil-lime mixtures into strength classes; (c) to study the effects of variables such as lime percentage, unit weight, water content, curing time, curing temperature, etc.; and (d) to estimate other engineering properties of soil-lime mixtures.
5.3 Lime is generally classified as calcitic or dolomitic. Usually in soil stabilization, high-calcium lime [CaO] or dolomitic lime [CaO + MgO] are used. The lime is transformed from oxide to hydroxide form [[Ca(OH)2 or [Ca(OH)2 + Mg(OH)2]] by the addition of water in the soil, a slurry tank, or at a manufacturing facility. Lime may increase the strength of cohesive soil. The type of lime in combination with soil type influences the resulting compressive strength.
Note 2: The agency performing this test method can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D3740. Notwithstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facility used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not, in itself, ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing, curing, and testing laboratory-compacted specimens of soil-lime and other lime-treated materials (Note 1) for determining unconfined compressive strength. Depending on the diameter to height ratio, two procedures for determining the unconfined compressive strength of compacted soil-lime mixtures have been developed for specimens prepared at the maximum unit weight and optimum water content, or for specimens prepared at other target unit weight and water content levels. Other applications are given in Section 5 on Significance and Use.
Note 1: Lime-based products other than commercial quicklime and hydrated lime are also used in the lime treatment of fine-grained cohesive soils. Lime kiln dust (LKD) is collected from the kiln exhaust gases by cyclone, electrostatic, or baghouse-type collection systems. Some lime producers hydrate various blends of LKD plus quicklime to produce a lime-based product.
1.2 Cored specimens of soil-lime should be tested in accordance with Test Methods D2166/D2166M.
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided:
1.3.1 Procedure A describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens having height-to-diameter ratios between 2.00 and 2.50. This test method provides the standard measure of compressive strength.
1.3.2 Procedure B describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens using Test Methods D698 compaction equipment and molds commonly available in most soil testing laboratories. Procedure B is considered to provide relative measures of individual specimens in a suite of test specimens rather than standard compressive strength values. Because of the lesser height-to-diameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, compressive strength determined by Procedure B will normally be greater than that by Procedure A.
1.3.3 Results of unconfined compressive strength tests using Procedure B should not be directly compared to those obtained using Procedure A.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guideline...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5102/D5102M − 24
Standard Test Methods for
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime
1
Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5102/D5102M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing,
Practice D6026.
curing, and testing laboratory-compacted specimens of soil-
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
lime and other lime-treated materials (Note 1) for determining
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
unconfined compressive strength. Depending on the diameter
to height ratio, two procedures for determining the unconfined the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other
compressive strength of compacted soil-lime mixtures have uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
been developed for specimens prepared at the maximum unit standard is beyond its scope.
weight and optimum water content, or for specimens prepared
1.5 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils.
at other target unit weight and water content levels. Other
Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics,
applications are given in Section 5 on Significance and Use.
etc. can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may affect the
NOTE 1—Lime-based products other than commercial quicklime and
test results using this method.
hydrated lime are also used in the lime treatment of fine-grained cohesive
soils. Lime kiln dust (LKD) is collected from the kiln exhaust gases by
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
cyclone, electrostatic, or baghouse-type collection systems. Some lime
producers hydrate various blends of LKD plus quicklime to produce a pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
lime-based product.
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
1.2 Cored specimens of soil-lime should be tested in accor- therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
dance with Test Methods D2166/D2166M.
conformance with the standard.
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided:
1.6.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
1.3.1 Procedure A describes procedures for preparing and
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
testing compacted soil-lime specimens having height-to-
(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass
diameter ratios between 2.00 and 2.50. This test method
is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic
provides the standard measure of compressive strength.
1.3.2 Procedure B describes procedures for preparing and (F = ma) calculations are involved.
testing compacted soil-lime specimens using Test Methods
1.6.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
D698 compaction equipment and molds commonly available in
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
most soil testing laboratories. Procedure B is considered to
of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two
provide relative measures of individual specimens in a suite of
separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the
test specimens rather than standard compressive strength
gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine
values. Because of the lesser height-to-diameter ratio (1.15) of
the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
the cylinders, compressive strength determined by Procedure B
standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational
will normally be greater than that by Procedure A.
system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug
1.3.3 Results of unconfined compressive strength tests using
unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording
Procedure B should not be directly compared to those obtained 3
pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not
using Procedure A.
be regarded as non-conformance with this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5102/D5102M − 22 D5102/D5102M − 24
Standard Test Methods for
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime
1
Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5102/D5102M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing, curing, and testing laboratory-compacted specimens of soil-lime and other
lime-treated materials (Note 1) for determining unconfined compressive strength. Depending on the diameter to height ratio, two
procedures for determining the unconfined compressive strength of compacted soil-lime mixtures have been developed for
specimens prepared at the maximum unit weight and optimum water content, or for specimens prepared at other target unit weight
and water content levels. Other applications are given in Section 5 on Significance and Use.
NOTE 1—Lime-based products other than commercial quicklime and hydrated lime are also used in the lime treatment of fine-grained cohesive soils. Lime
kiln dust (LKD) is collected from the kiln exhaust gases by cyclone, electrostatic, or baghouse-type collection systems. Some lime producers hydrate
various blends of LKD plus quicklime to produce a lime-based product.
1.2 Cored specimens of soil-lime should be tested in accordance with Test Methods D2166/D2166M.
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided:
1.3.1 Procedure A describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens having height-to-diameter ratios
between 2.00 and 2.50. This test method provides the standard measure of compressive strength.
1.3.2 Procedure B describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens using Test Methods D698
compaction equipment and molds commonly available in most soil testing laboratories. Procedure B is considered to provide
relative measures of individual specimens in a suite of test specimens rather than standard compressive strength values. Because
of the lesser height-to-diameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, compressive strength determined by Procedure B will normally be
greater than that by Procedure A.
1.3.3 Results of unconfined compressive strength tests using Procedure B should not be directly compared to those obtained using
Procedure A.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard
is beyond its scope.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization With
Admixtures.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022Feb. 1, 2024. Published October 2022March 2024. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20092022 as
D5102 – 09D5102/D5102M – 22., which was withdrawn July 2018 and reinstated in October 2022. DOI: 10.1520/D5102_D5102M-22. DOI: 10.1520/D5102_D5102M-24.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5102/D5102M − 24
1.5 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics, etc. can
adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may affect the test results using this method.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from
the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F =
ma) calculations are involved.
1.6.2 It is common practice in the engi
...
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