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ASTM C265-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hydrated Hydraulic Cement Mortar

Standard Test Method for Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hydrated Hydraulic Cement Mortar

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water-extractable SO3 in hardened hydraulic cement mortar. This measurement is assumed to represent unreacted, available sulfate remaining in the mortar.
1.1.1 Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 Values in SI units were obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-2001
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.28 - Sulfate Content
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C265-01 - Standard Test Method for Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hydrated Hydraulic Cement Mortar
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001

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ASTM C265-99 - Standard Test Method for Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hydrated Hydraulic Cement MortarASTM C265-99 - Standard Test Method for Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hydrated Hydraulic Cement Mortar
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ASTM C265-99 - Standard Test Method for Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hydrated Hydraulic Cement Mortar
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 265 – 99
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Calcium Sulfate in Hydrated Portland Cement Mortar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water-
3. Terminology
soluble (water-extractable) SO in hardened hydraulic cement
3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this test method are
mortar. This measurement is assumed to represent unreacted,
defined in accordance with Terminology C 219.
free calcium sulfate remaining in the mortar.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Significance and Use
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.1 This test method is intended for use by manufacturers of
only.
hydraulic cement and those interested in research on a suitable
1.3 Values in SI units were obtained by measurement in SI
method for determining whether calcium sulfate has or has not
units or by appropriate conversion using the Rules for Conver-
been used in an amount considered to be optimum. Also, for
sion and Rounding given in Practice E 380 of measurements
any such cement having an above optimum SO content, this
made in other units.
test method establishes whether that excess exceeds the limit
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
allowed in Specification C 595. This test method also can
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
provide useful information on other hydraulic cements, such as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
those specified in Specifications C 150 and C 1157.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sieve—A 2.36-mm (No.8) sieve conforming to Specifi-
2. Referenced Documents
cation E 11.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Mixer, Bowl, and Paddle—An electrically driven me-
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
chanical mixer of the type equipped with a paddle and bowl, as
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube
2 specified in the Apparatus section of Practice C 305.
Specimens)
5.3 Polyethylene Containers—Polyethylene bags of 1-L
C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
2 (1-qt) capacity or approximately 360-mm (14-in.) sheet mate-
Cement
2 rial, made using polyethylene at least 0.10-mm (0.004-in.) in
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
2 thickness. Bags, if used, must be watertight.
C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
5.4 Mortar and Pestle—A mortar of 1.5-L (1 ⁄2-qt) size, and
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
2 a pestle, both of which shall be iron or porcelain.
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
5.5 Water Bath—A water bath thermostatically controlled at
C 595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
2 23 6 0.15°C (73.4 6 0.3°F).
[Metric]
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
6. Reagents and Materials
C 1157 Performance Specification for Blended Hydraulic
6.1 Mixing Water—Reagent water conforming to the nu-
Cement [Metric]
merical limits of Type II of Specification D 1193.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.2 Graded Sand—Graded sand conforming to the require-
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
ments for graded sand in Specification C 778.
poses
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
7. Temperature and Humidity
7.1 Maintain the temperature of the molding room at 24 6
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-1 on Cement 4°C (75.2 6 7.2°F). Adjust the temperature of the dry materials
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.28 on Sulfate Content.
and the mixing water, prior to mixing, so that the temperature
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally
of the mortar, immediately upon completion of mixing is 23 6
published as C 265 – 51 T. Last previous edition C 265 – 91.
1°C (73.4 6 1.8°F).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
C 265
7.2 Maintain the humidity of the laboratory so that it is not 11. Analysis of the Extract
less than 50 %.
11.1 Transfer 50.0 mL of the clear extract by means of a
50-mL pipet to a 400-mL beaker, dilute with distilled water to
8. Preparation of Test Mortar
about 250 mL, and add 5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid
8.1 Proportion the mortar in accordance with the instruc-
(HCl, sp gr 1.19). Heat to boiling, and pr
...

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ASTM C219-24(Terminology)
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3.1 In definitions of cements, ingredients are cited only when they are inherent to the definition, for example portland-pozzolan cement. For ingredients and their quantity limits, if any, that are permitted or prohibited by a specification for a particular cement, see the applicable specification for that cement.  
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3.1 This test method provides a means of assessing the sulfate resistance of mortars made using portland cement, blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags, and blended hydraulic cements. Test Method C452 is suitable for evaluating portland cements but not blended cements or blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of length change of mortar bars immersed in a sulfate solution. Mortar bars made using mortar described in Test Method C109/C109M are cured until they attain a compressive strength of 20.0 MPa ± 1.0 MPa [3000 psi ± 150 psi], as measured using cubes made of the same mortar, before the bars are immersed.  
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Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cementitious Material Mortar Bars Stored in Water

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4.1 This test method is used to determine the amount of expansion of a mortar bar when it is stored in water. The amount of mortar-bar expansion may relate to the amount of sulfate in the cementitious material; expansion may become excessive when the cementitious material contains too much sulfate.  
4.2 Some cementitious material specifications limit the amount of sulfate contained in those materials by requiring that the amount of expansion in water not exceed a specified value.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expansion of mortar bars made using hydraulic cementitious materials, of which sulfate is an integral part.  
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ASTM C1875-18(2024)(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of the liquid in cementitious pastes is an important indicator of the solid component reactivity at early times, being influenced by the content and rate of reaction of readily soluble alkali components, lime, and other soluble phases. Monitoring the solution composition with time can provide valuable diagnostic information about cement quality and reactivity to supplement other sources of characterization data. This practice is intended to aid in the interpretation of the concentrations of readily soluble components in cement paste solutions, which may include portland cement, limestone, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, or other components. It provides guidance for measuring the time dependence of the concentrations of one or more components, on an elemental basis, including, but not limited to, aluminum, calcium, potassium, silicon, sodium, and sulfur.
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of cement. Two test methods are given: test method A is the reference test method using the manually operated standard Blaine apparatus, while test method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. The Blaine air-permeability apparatus consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite quantity of air through a prepared bed of cement of definite porosity. The permeability cell shall consist of a rigid cylinder, constructed of austenitic stainless steel. The disk shall be constructed of noncorroding metal, and shall fit the inside of the cell snugly. The plunger shall be constructed of austenitic stainless steel and shall fit into the cell. The filter paper disks shall be circular, with smooth edges, and shall have the same diameter as the inside of the cell. The U-tube manometer shall be constructed according to the design indicated. The manometer shall be filled to the midpoint line with a nonvolatile, nonhygroscopic liquid of low viscosity and density. The timer shall have a positive starting and stopping mechanism. The calibration of the air permeability apparatus shall be made using the standard reference material. The automated test method shall employ apparatus designed either on the principles of the Blaine air-permeability method or apparatus based on the air-permeability principles of the Lea and Nurse method. When the specific surface values determined by an automated apparatus are to be used for acceptance or rejection of cement, the method used shall comply with the qualification requirements. When standardization is required in order to achieve agreement between test method A and test method B, the apparatus shall be standardized according to the requirements prescribed.
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Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 50 mm [2 in.] Cube Specimens)

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4.1 This test method provides a means of determining the compressive strength of hydraulic cement and other mortars and results may be used to determine compliance with specifications. Further, this test method is referenced by numerous other specifications and test methods. Caution must be exercised in using the results of this test method to predict the strength of concretes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, using 50 mm [2 in.] cube specimens.  
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This test method covers the standard procedure for determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement. The test apparatus is comprised of the following: molds for casting test specimens; restraining cage which consists of a threaded steel rod with steel end plates held in place by cap nuts for corrosion prevention; length comparator; tamper which shall be made of nonabsorptive, nonabrasive material such as medium-hard rubber or seasoned oak wood; device for demolding specimens; weights and weighing devices; glass graduates to measure the mixing water in a single operation; an electrically driven mechanical mixer equipped with paddle and mixing bowl; and trowel which shall have a steel blade with straight edges. The sand to be used shall comply with the graded sand requirement and shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent segregation. Details on preparation and assembly of specimen molds and restraining cage, proportioning and mixing of mortars, molding, and curing of specimens are discussed. The expansion and shrinkage of the test specimens at any age shall be calculated and the length-change data, expressed as linear expansion or contraction based on the length of the specimen at any time of molding, shall be reported. Bias and precision in the batch, single, and multi-laboratory operation shall also be identified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement.  
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ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
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ASTM C1565-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Pack-Set Index of Portland and Blended Hydraulic Cements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers determine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s). The test establishes a pack-set index which, when properly correlated with field performance, is useful in predicting or preventing field unloading difficulties.  
5.2 The test is an aid to routine control during cement production and is not suitable for specification purposes.  
5.3 In general, field performance of cement flowability is satisfactory when the pack-set index as determined on freshly ground cement averages 0 to 15 and is unsatisfactory when the index exceeds 25. Any prediction of field performance of cement flowability measuring 16 to 25 is tenable. These are general ranges and the field performance of individual cements may not necessarily fall within these ranges. Additional conditions, after the cement has left the control of the manufacturing facility, can affect the apparent pack set index as well.  
5.4 Any attempt to apply the critical range of pack-set index numbers based on freshly ground cement to job cement without special treatment of the sample would be problematic. The test is a “GO-NO-GO” type of test and should not be used for specification purposes.  
5.5 The pack-set index of field cement can be evaluated in terms of the pack-set index ranges of that cement as determined when freshly-ground. This comparison can aid the manufacturer in producing cement that offers the best field performance for pack-set properties.  
5.6 Silo storage of cement may result in a greater amount of consolidation than this method is designed to induce, and the resulting forces required to overcome that consolidation are not measured by this test method.  
5.7 Pack set is not to be confused with “warehouse set” which results from surface hydration of the cement from adsorbed moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-set index, which provides an indication of the mechanical force needed to overcome the consolidation of portland and blended hydraulic cements.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Values stated in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the rules of Conversion and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
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