C01 - Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 In definitions of cements, ingredients are cited only when they are inherent to the definition, for example portland-pozzolan cement. For ingredients and their quantity limits, if any, that are permitted or prohibited by a specification for a particular cement, see the applicable specification for that cement.  
3.2 In definitions of materials including cements, the method of production is included only if it is inherent to the definition.  
3.3 Related terms may be found in other terminology documents such as Terminology C11, Terminology C51, Terminology C125, and ACI 116R.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines terms relating to hydraulic and other inorganic cements, their components, characteristics, properties, and the testing thereof. Some terms may have wider application than just to hydraulic cement.  
1.2 See individual standards for terms applicable primarily therein, including meanings that may be more restrictive than those given here, and for explanations and descriptions of terms as they apply to those standards.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides a means of assessing the sulfate resistance of mortars made using portland cement, blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags, and blended hydraulic cements. Test Method C452 is suitable for evaluating portland cements but not blended cements or blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags.  
3.2 The standard exposure solution used in this test method, unless otherwise directed, contains 352 moles of Na2SO4 per m3(50 g/L). Other sulfate concentrations or other sulfates such as MgSO4 may be used to simulate the environmental exposure of interest. Further discussion of these and other technical issues is given in the Appendix.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of length change of mortar bars immersed in a sulfate solution. Mortar bars made using mortar described in Test Method C109/C109M are cured until they attain a compressive strength of 20.0 MPa ± 1.0 MPa [3000 psi ± 150 psi], as measured using cubes made of the same mortar, before the bars are immersed.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of the liquid in cementitious pastes is an important indicator of the solid component reactivity at early times, being influenced by the content and rate of reaction of readily soluble alkali components, lime, and other soluble phases. Monitoring the solution composition with time can provide valuable diagnostic information about cement quality and reactivity to supplement other sources of characterization data. This practice is intended to aid in the interpretation of the concentrations of readily soluble components in cement paste solutions, which may include portland cement, limestone, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, or other components. It provides guidance for measuring the time dependence of the concentrations of one or more components, on an elemental basis, including, but not limited to, aluminum, calcium, potassium, silicon, sodium, and sulfur.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for collection, sample preparation and analysis of aqueous pore solutions obtained from cementitious materials at different hydration times when analyzed by ICP-OES for the six most common readily soluble elements aluminum, calcium, potassium, silicon, sodium and sulfur.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine the amount of expansion of a mortar bar when it is stored in water. The amount of mortar-bar expansion may relate to the amount of sulfate in the cementitious material; expansion may become excessive when the cementitious material contains too much sulfate.  
4.2 Some cementitious material specifications limit the amount of sulfate contained in those materials by requiring that the amount of expansion in water not exceed a specified value.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expansion of mortar bars made using hydraulic cementitious materials, of which sulfate is an integral part.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of cement. Two test methods are given: test method A is the reference test method using the manually operated standard Blaine apparatus, while test method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. The Blaine air-permeability apparatus consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite quantity of air through a prepared bed of cement of definite porosity. The permeability cell shall consist of a rigid cylinder, constructed of austenitic stainless steel. The disk shall be constructed of noncorroding metal, and shall fit the inside of the cell snugly. The plunger shall be constructed of austenitic stainless steel and shall fit into the cell. The filter paper disks shall be circular, with smooth edges, and shall have the same diameter as the inside of the cell. The U-tube manometer shall be constructed according to the design indicated. The manometer shall be filled to the midpoint line with a nonvolatile, nonhygroscopic liquid of low viscosity and density. The timer shall have a positive starting and stopping mechanism. The calibration of the air permeability apparatus shall be made using the standard reference material. The automated test method shall employ apparatus designed either on the principles of the Blaine air-permeability method or apparatus based on the air-permeability principles of the Lea and Nurse method. When the specific surface values determined by an automated apparatus are to be used for acceptance or rejection of cement, the method used shall comply with the qualification requirements. When standardization is required in order to achieve agreement between test method A and test method B, the apparatus shall be standardized according to the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of cement. Two test methods are given: Test Method A is the Reference Test Method using the manually operated standard Blaine apparatus, while Test Method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. Although the test method may be, and has been, used for the determination of the measures of fineness of various other materials, it should be understood that, in general, relative rather than absolute fineness values are obtained.  
1.1.1 This test method is known to work well for portland cements. However, the user should exercise judgement in determining its suitability with regard to fineness measurements of cements with densities, or porosities that differ from those assigned to Standard Reference Material No. 114 or No. 46h.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safe...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers natural cement. The chemical requirements and the physical requirements are detailed in the specification. The natural cement shall be subjected to fitness, autoclave expansion, time of setting, air content of mortar, and compressive strength tests using specified methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers natural cement and quick-setting natural cement.
Note 1: Examples of typical past uses of natural cement include unit masonry mortar, cement plaster, grout, whitewash, and concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units [or SI units]. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the standard procedure for determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement. The test apparatus is comprised of the following: molds for casting test specimens; restraining cage which consists of a threaded steel rod with steel end plates held in place by cap nuts for corrosion prevention; length comparator; tamper which shall be made of nonabsorptive, nonabrasive material such as medium-hard rubber or seasoned oak wood; device for demolding specimens; weights and weighing devices; glass graduates to measure the mixing water in a single operation; an electrically driven mechanical mixer equipped with paddle and mixing bowl; and trowel which shall have a steel blade with straight edges. The sand to be used shall comply with the graded sand requirement and shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent segregation. Details on preparation and assembly of specimen molds and restraining cage, proportioning and mixing of mortars, molding, and curing of specimens are discussed. The expansion and shrinkage of the test specimens at any age shall be calculated and the length-change data, expressed as linear expansion or contraction based on the length of the specimen at any time of molding, shall be reported. Bias and precision in the batch, single, and multi-laboratory operation shall also be identified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cement mixtures are caustic and may cause burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means of determining the compressive strength of hydraulic cement and other mortars and results may be used to determine compliance with specifications. Further, this test method is referenced by numerous other specifications and test methods. Caution must be exercised in using the results of this test method to predict the strength of concretes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, using 50 mm [2 in.] cube specimens.  
Note 1: Test Method C349 provides an alternative procedure for this determination (not to be used for acceptance tests).  
1.2 This test method covers the application of the test using either SI or inch-pound units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI-10, of measurements made in other units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Numerous properties of cementitious materials are controlled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-age strength development, heat release, and crack resistance. One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate is provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of the cement paste during its hydration. As cement hydrates, the hydration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a hydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate surroundings, when available. At early times, this sorption is in direct proportion to the amount of hydration that has occurred.5 This method is based on the one developed by Geiker.6 The results are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume changes (autogenous shrinkage) associated with chemical shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced with the evaluated cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) volume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the hydration of the cementitious materials. This volume change is known as chemical shrinkage.  
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.  
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions in this method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers determine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s). The test establishes a pack-set index which, when properly correlated with field performance, is useful in predicting or preventing field unloading difficulties.  
5.2 The test is an aid to routine control during cement production and is not suitable for specification purposes.  
5.3 In general, field performance of cement flowability is satisfactory when the pack-set index as determined on freshly ground cement averages 0 to 15 and is unsatisfactory when the index exceeds 25. Any prediction of field performance of cement flowability measuring 16 to 25 is tenable. These are general ranges and the field performance of individual cements may not necessarily fall within these ranges. Additional conditions, after the cement has left the control of the manufacturing facility, can affect the apparent pack set index as well.  
5.4 Any attempt to apply the critical range of pack-set index numbers based on freshly ground cement to job cement without special treatment of the sample would be problematic. The test is a “GO-NO-GO” type of test and should not be used for specification purposes.  
5.5 The pack-set index of field cement can be evaluated in terms of the pack-set index ranges of that cement as determined when freshly-ground. This comparison can aid the manufacturer in producing cement that offers the best field performance for pack-set properties.  
5.6 Silo storage of cement may result in a greater amount of consolidation than this method is designed to induce, and the resulting forces required to overcome that consolidation are not measured by this test method.  
5.7 Pack set is not to be confused with “warehouse set” which results from surface hydration of the cement from adsorbed moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-set index, which provides an indication of the mechanical force needed to overcome the consolidation of portland and blended hydraulic cements.  
1.2 The pack-set index number provides a numerical value useful for manufacturers who desire to measure and control the effect that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manufactured cement.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Values stated in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the rules of Conversion and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Specific chemical test methods are grouped as reference test methods and alternative test methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements and are also required for referee analysis in those cases where conformance to chemical specification requirements are questioned. Apparatus and materials for the test method include balance, weights, glassware and laboratory containers, desiccators, filter paper, crucibles, and muffle furnace. Standard reagents for the test method shall be used within the limits of the specification. These reagents shall include purity agents, water, repackaged reagents, concentrated acids and ammonium hydroxide, nonstandardized solutions, and indicator solutions. Sample preparation and general test procedures shall be followed according to the specification. General procedures include sample weighing, taring of crucibles, weighing of ignited residues, volatilization of platinum, chemical analyses, and calculation. Reporting of analyses shall be of the following order: major components, minor components, and separate determinations. Reference test methods and procedures include determination of insoluble residue, silicon dioxide, ammonium hydroxide group, ferric oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur, loss on ignition, sodium and potassium oxides, manganic oxide, chloride, chloroform-soluble organic substances. Alternative test methods and procedures include determination of calcium oxide, calcium dioxide, magnesium oxide, loss on ignition, titanium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, manganic oxide, and free calcium oxide. The standardization used for qualification and for analysis of each constituent shall be determined by valid curve-fitting procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.  
1.2 Contents:    
Section  
Subject    
2  
Referenced Documents  
4  
Description of Referee Analyses  
4.1  
Referee Analyses  
5  
Qualification for Different Analyses  
5.1  
Certified Reference Materials  
5.2  
Requirements for Qualification Testing  
5.3  
Alternative Analyses  
5.4  
Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods  
6  
General  
6.1  
Interferences and Limitations  
6.2  
Apparatus and Materials  
6.3  
Reagents  
6.4  
Sample Preparation  
6.5  
General Procedures  
6.6  
Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses    
Reference Test Methods    
7  
Insoluble Residue  
8  
Silicon Dioxide  
8.2  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %  
8.3  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %  
9  
Ammonium Hydroxide Group  
10  
Ferric Oxide  
11  
Phosphorus Pentoxide  
12  
Titanium Dioxide  
13  
Zinc Oxide  
14  
Aluminum Oxide  
15  
Calcium Oxide  
16  
Magnesium Oxide  
17  
Sulfur  
17.1  
Sulfur Trioxide  
17.2  
Sulfide  
18  
Loss On Ignition  
18.1  
Portland Cement  
...

SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers hydraulic cements for both general and special applications. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents (see Note 1).
Note 1: There are two related hydraulic cement standards, Specification C150/C150M for portland cement and Specifications C595/C595M for blended cements, both of which contain prescriptive and performance requirements  
1.2 This performance specification classifies cements based on specific requirements for general use, high early strength, resistance to attack by sulfates, and heat of hydration. Optional requirements are provided for the property of low reactivity with alkali-silica-reactive aggregates and for air-entraining cements.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units [or SI units]. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.4 The text of this performance specification refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is suitable for determining the total heat of hydration of hydraulic cement at constant temperature at ages up to 7 days to confirm specification compliance.  
5.2 This method compliments Practice C1679 by providing details of calorimeter equipment, calibration, and operation. Practice C1679 emphasizes interpretation significant events in cement hydration by analysis of time dependent patterns of heat flow, but does not provide the level of detail necessary to give precision test results at specific test ages required for specification compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies the apparatus and procedure for determining total heat of hydration of hydraulic cementitious materials at test ages up to 7 days by isothermal conduction calorimetry.  
1.2 This test method also outputs data on rate of heat of hydration versus time that is useful for other analytical purposes, as covered in Practice C1679.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification pertains to blended hydraulic cements for both general and special applications, using slag or pozzolan, or both, with portland cement or portland cement clinker or slag with lime. These cements are classified into two types: Type IS which is portland blast-furnace slag cement and Type IP which is portland-pozzolan cement. They can also be described according to air-entraining, moderate sulfate resistance, moderate heat of hydration, high sulfate resistance, or low heat of hydration properties. The cement shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed. In addition, the cement shall undergo different tests to determine the following properties: chemical analysis, fineness by sieving, fineness by air-permeability, autoclave expansion, time of setting, air content of mortar, compressive strength, heat of hydration, normal consistency, specific gravity, water requirement, mortar expansions of blended cement and pozzolan, drying shrinkage, activity index with Portland cement, and sulfate resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to blended hydraulic cements for both general and special applications, using slag, pozzolan, limestone, or some combination of these, with portland cement or portland cement clinker or slag with lime.
Note 1: This specification prescribes ingredients and proportions, with some performance requirements, whereas Performance Specification C1157/C1157M is a hydraulic cement specification in which performance criteria alone govern the products and their acceptance.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units [or SI units]. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 The text of this specification refers to notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a processing addition meets the requirement. When proposed addition is accepted for general use in Portland cement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at least five different clinkers. These clinkers shall represent two Type I cements, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements. Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements from the same source without the addition, or containing a processing addition. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete made with cement containing the addition shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The properties of the materials shall be determined through the following tests in accordance with the following standard: chemical analysis of the cement, compound composition, fineness of cement, normal consistency, time of setting, autoclave expansion, air content of mortar, compressive strength of mortar, and drying shrinkage of mortar.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic processing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in Specifications C150/C150M, C1157/C1157M, C845/C845M, and C595/C595M. The materials listed in the following former ASTM Specifications shall be considered as meeting the organic processing additions requirements of this specification:    
C150/C150M – 62, for Portland Cement  
C205 – 58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement  
C340 – 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan Cement  
C358 – 58, for Slag Cement  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cements that require controlled exposure to carbon dioxide to achieve strength, referred to as carbonation curing. These cements are for use in concrete that does not contain steel reinforcement. There are no restrictions on the constituents of the cement. The producer is required to demonstrate that carbon dioxide is chemically bound by the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. There are no restrictions on the compositions of the cement or its constituents. The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development. The following are the four types of rapid hardening cement: (1) Type URH, ultra rapid hardening for use where high early strength is desired; (2) Type VRH, very rapid hardening for use where very high early strength is desired; (3) Type MRH, medium rapid hardening for use where mid-range hardening high early strength is desired; and (4) Type GRH, general rapid hardening for use when the higher strength properties of a Type VRH or a Type MRH cement is not required. Cement of the type specified shall conform to all of the applicable standard physical requirements for compressive strength and drying shrinkage. Cement shall be tested using the following methods: autoclave expansion; time of setting; compressive strength; drying shrinkage of mortar; heat of hydration; surface resistance; alkali silica resistivity; and expansion in water.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. This is a specification giving performance requirements. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents.  
1.2 The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the normal consistency of hydraulic cement.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for a specific warning statement.  
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Test Methods C1910/C1910M or other specifications for cements that require carbonation curing. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions. All tests are performed with mortar and therefore, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the tested cementitious material will perform in concrete.  
4.2 Compressive Strength—The test for compressive strength is used to determine whether the cement tested will develop a minimum level of strength when carbonated under laboratory conditions.  
4.3 Chemically Bound Carbon Dioxide—Determined using mortar cube specimens prepared for determining compressive strength, the test for chemically bound carbon dioxide is used as an estimate of the mass of carbon dioxide bound during the carbonation curing process and is expressed as a percent of the mass of cement in the test mixture. The actual amount of carbon dioxide bound in a manufactured product is affected by the carbonation process and the cement used, and the physical characteristics of the manufactured product.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing cements that require carbonation curing and are intended for use in concrete.  
1.2 The procedures are organized in the following sections:    
Casting and Carbonation Curing Test Specimens  
Section 8  
Compressive Strength  
Section 9  
Bound Carbon Dioxide  
Section 10  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard. Some values only have SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in standard.  
1.4 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Common cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for determining the ability of mortars and plasters to retain water when applied to specific substrates based on the intended use of the tested mortar.  
5.2 The results obtained using this test method may be used to compare the relative ability of mortars and plasters to retain water when applied to different substrates or in comparison to other mortars or plasters applied to the same substrate.  
5.2.1 If applied to the same substrate, water retention values of different mortar can be compared.  
5.2.2 One mortar may be applied to different substrates to understand the impact of varying substrates on water retention of the mortar.  
5.3 The results obtained using this test method do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when used with substrates found in the field. This is because the amount of water absorbed by the substrate depends not only on the ability of the mortar to retain water but also on the particular absorption of the substrate and environmental conditions. Environmental conditions are not taken into account in this test method.  
5.4 The results obtained using this test method for plasters (stucco) do not necessarily indicate the degree of water retention when the plaster is applied as a second coat on the surface of a previously applied plaster base coat, since the amount of water absorbed from the second coat of plaster depends on the rate of absorption of the base coat. This is also true when a plaster is applied as a coating on masonry units.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the determination of water retention of hydraulic cement based mortars and plasters. Water Retention is directly measured through the absorption of water from the mortar by the substrate. Various substrates may be chosen by the user based on the intended use of the tested mortar. This test method defines such substrates. Comparisons can be made between different mortars on the same substrate or the same mortar on different substrates.  
1.2 This test method provides a water retention value via direct water loss, while Test Method C1506 provides a water retention value via mortar flow.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See the Safety Data Sheet for safety information regarding the materials being tested.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for use in the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They are not intended as sampling procedures for quality control purposes during manufacturing. The testing procedures outlined cover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidance for reporting on conformance or non-conformance of cements with requirements of purchase specifications.  
4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for sampling natural cement (Specification C10/C10M), masonry cement (Specification C91/C91M), portland cement (Specification C150/C150M), blended hydraulic cement (Specification C595/C595M), expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C845/C845M), hydraulic cement based on a performance specification (Specification C1157/C1157M), plastic stucco cement (Specification C1328/C1328M), and mortar cement (Specification C1329/C1329M), and  
4.3 Most building codes and construction specifications require that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet the applicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications, such as Specifications C10/C10M, C91/C91M, C150/C150M, C595/C595M, C1157/C1157M, C1328/C1328M, C1329/C1329M, or C845/C845M. If the code or specification requires sampling of the manufactured cement, the provisions given in 4.4 are applicable. Not much cement is sold on the basis of such sampling and testing. A useful discussion of sampling and testing cement is contained in ACI 225.1R.  
4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be done by or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a code or specification that requires sampling and testing to determine if the samples conform to the relevant acceptance specifications. The testing is done using specified methods to determine whether the samples yield test results that conform to the specification, and the tests serve as a basis for acceptance or rejection of the lot of material ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and for the amount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete mixtures. The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the solids. The apparatus to be used is a Le Chatelier flask which is circular in cross-section. This flask shall be thoroughly annealed before being graduated. They shall be of sufficient thickness to ensure reasonable resistance to breakage. Each flask shall bear a permanent identification number and the stopper, if not interchangeably ground, shall bear the same number. Interchangeable ground-glass parts shall be marked on both members with the standard-taper symbol, followed by the size designation. The standard temperature shall be indicated, and the unit of capacity shall be shown by the letters “mL” placed above the highest graduation mark. Kerosene, free of water, or naphtha shall be used in the density determination. The flask shall be filled with either of the liquids mentioned to a point on the stem between the 0 and the 1-mL mark. The inside of the flask shall be dried above the level of the liquid, if necessary, after pouring. The first reading shall be recorded after the flask has been immersed in the water bath. A quantity of cement shall be introduced in small increments at the same temperature as the liquid. A vibrating apparatus may be used to accelerate the introduction of the cement into the flask and to prevent the cement from sticking to the neck. After all the cement has been introduced, the stopper shall be placed in the flask and the flask shall be rolled in an inclined position, or gently whirl it in a horizontal circle, so as to free the cement from air until no further air bubbles rise to the surface of the liquid. If a proper amount of cement has been added, the level of the liquid will be in its final position at some point of the upper series of graduations. The final reading shall be recorded after the flask has been immersed in the water bath. The difference between the first and the final readings represents the volume of liquid displaced by the mass of cement used in the test. The cement density can now be determined.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for the determination of density of hydraulic cement samples using non-instrumental techniques.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete mixtures.  
1.2 The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the solids.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus used in making flow tests for consistency or mortars in tests of hydraulic cement. The flow table shall consist of an integrally cast rigid iron frame and a circular rigid table top. Other details of the flow table, its mounting and lubrication are described in the specification. The conical mold for casting the flow specimen and the caliper for measuring the diameter of the mortar after it has been spread by the operation of the table are also discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the flow table and accessory apparatus (Note 1) used in making flow tests for consistency of mortars in tests of hydraulic cement, such as but not limited to Test Method C1437.
Note 1: To help clarify the design of the flow table and accessory apparatus see the drawing in Fig. 1 [Fig. 2]. This drawing is for informational purposes only. See Fig. 3 of the flow table and accessory apparatus as a reference for further clarification.
FIG. 1 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) (IP)  
FIG. 1 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) (IP) (continued)  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI]  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI] (continued)  
FIG. 2 Flow Table and Accessory Apparatus (Partial) [SI] (continued)  
FIG. 3 Flow Table Accessory Apparatus  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. It is permissible to use an inch-pound caliper and mold with a SI flow table or a SI caliper and mold with an inch-pound flow table. It is not permissible to mix a SI mold with an inch-pound caliper or an inch-pound mold with a SI caliper.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of determining the compressive strength of alkali-activated cementitious material mortars and results may be used to determine compliance with specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compressive strength of alkali activated cementitious material mortars, using 2-in. [50 mm] cube specimens.  
1.2 This test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three types of mortar cement for use where mortar for masonry is required. Mortar cements are classified as Type N, S, or M, according to the prescribed physical requirements. Mortar cement shall conform to the prescribed requirements such as fineness, autoclave expansion, time of setting, compressive strength, flexural bond strength, air content of mortar, and water retention. Test specimens shall undergo molding and storage before conducting the procedures in the required test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three types of mortar cement for use where mortar for masonry is required.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to Section 15. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers plastic cements for use in Portland cement-based plasters for exterior (stucco) and interior applications. All the materials should be tested and conform to the required values of fineness, autoclave expansion, time of setting, compressive strength, air content of mortar, and water retention. The cement should be stored in a way that permits easy access and inside a suitable weathertight building.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of plastic cement for use in portland cement-based plasters for exterior (stucco) and interior application.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to Sections 13 and 14. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three types of masonry cement for use where mortar for masonry is required. Masonry cement shall conform to the applicable physical property requirements prescribed. The masonry cement shall be sampled in accordance with practice C 183. The temperature and relative humidity of the air in the vicinity of the mixing slab and dry materials, molds, base plates, and mixing bowl shall conform to the requirements of test method C 109/C 109M. Determine normal consistency by the Vicat apparatus in accordance with test method C 187. Determine autoclave expansion in accordance with test method C 151. Determine the time of setting by the Gillmore needle method in accordance with test method C 266. Determine the density of the masonry cement in accordance with test method C 188, using kerosene as the liquid. The sand shall be a blend of equal parts by weight of graded standard sand and standard 20-30 sand conforming to specification C 778. The compressive testing procedures for mortars are presented. Water retention shall be determined in accordance with the procedures in test method C 1506.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three types of masonry cement for use where mortar for masonry is required.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to Sections 15 and 16 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The testing of hydraulic cement is an important element in obtaining quality construction. A testing laboratory must be selected with care.  
4.2 A testing laboratory shall be deemed qualified to perform and report the results of its tests if the laboratory meets the requirements of this practice.  
4.3 This practice provides guidance for evaluating the organization, personnel, facilities, and quality systems of the laboratory. This practice may be supplemented by criteria and requirements for particular projects.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the technical training and experience of laboratory testing personnel and identifies the minimum technical requirements for laboratory equipment used in testing of hydraulic cement as prescribed by ASTM.  
1.2 This practice provides minimum criteria for evaluating the capability of a laboratory to perform chemical or physical tests listed in the various specifications on hydraulic cement (see Note 1).  
Note 1: Relevant hydraulic cement specifications are Specifications C91/C91M, C150/C150M, C595/C595M, C845/C845M, and C1157/C1157M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement. Cement, mortar, and concrete shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of autoclave expansion, drying shrinkage, normal consistency, standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, false set, water content, flexural strength, bond to steel, volume change, resistance to freezing and thawing, and bleeding. Accelerating addition, retarding addition, set-control addition, water-reducing addition, water-reducing and accelerating addition are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is incorporated during manufacture of the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change properties other than those they are intended to modify. This specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.    
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers deals with air-entraining additions for use in the manufacture of air-entraining hydraulic cement. The materials used are: cement, aggregates, and reference addition. The grading requirements for fine and coarse aggregates are specified. The following are the test methods for cement samples: chemical analysis of cement, determination of addition in the finished cement, fineness of cement, normal consistency, time of setting, autoclave expansion, air content of mortar, compressive strength of mortar, and length change of mortar. Concrete mixture preparation, weighing, proportions, and mixing methods are detailed. The test on plastic concrete is done in accordance with the following methods: consistency and unit weight and air content. The following are tests for hardened concrete: compressive strength, flexural strength, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements and methods for establishing the suitability of a material for use as an air-entraining addition to be interground with the clinker in the manufacture of air-entraining hydraulic cement conforming to Specifications C150/C150M, C595/C595M, and C1157/C1157M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers eight types of portland cement: type I, type IA, type II, type IIA, type III, type IIIA, type IV, and type V. The cement covered by this specification shall only contain the following ingredients: portland cement clinker; water or calcium sulfate, or both; limestone; processing additions; and air-entraining addition for air-entraining portland cement. Portland cement of each of the eight types must have the following chemical compositions: aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminofernite. Applicable properties enumerated in this specification will be determined by the following test methods: air content of mortar, chemical analysis, strength, false set, fineness by air permeability, fineness by turbidimeter, heat of hydration, autoclave expansion, time of setting by gillmore needles, time of setting by vicat needles, sulfate resistance, calcium sulfate, and compressive strength. The cement shall be stored in such a manner as to permit easy access for proper inspection and identification of each shipment, and in a suitable weather-tight building that will protect the cement from dampness and minimize warehouse set.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ten types of portland cement, as follows (see Note 2):  
1.1.1 Type I—For general use, when the special properties specified for any other type are not required.  
1.1.2 Type IA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type I, where air-entrainment is desired.  
1.1.3 Type II—For general use, more especially when moderate sulfate resistance is desired.  
1.1.4 Type IIA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type II, where air-entrainment is desired.  
1.1.5 Type II(MH)—For general use, more especially when moderate heat of hydration and moderate sulfate resistance are desired.  
1.1.6 Type II(MH)A—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type II(MH), where air-entrainment is desired.  
1.1.7 Type III—For use when high early strength is desired.  
1.1.8 Type IIIA—Air-entraining cement for the same use as Type III, where air-entrainment is desired.  
1.1.9 Type IV—For use when a low heat of hydration is desired.  
1.1.10 Type V—For use when high sulfate resistance is desired.
Note 1: Some cements are designated with a combined type classification, such as Type I/II, indicating that the cement meets the requirements of the indicated types and is being offered as suitable for use when either type is desired.
Note 2: Cement conforming to the requirements for all types are not carried in stock in some areas. In advance of specifying the use of cement other than Type I, determine whether the proposed type of cement is or can be made available.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units [or SI units]. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrie...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine the degree to which a cement mortar develops early stiffening. It is intended for use by those interested in methods for determining the potential early stiffening of hydraulic-cement.  
5.2 When used for estimating the relative tendency of a cement to manifest early stiffening, a judgment may be made by comparing the behavior in the penetration series (see 10.4.1 and 10.4.2) and the remix procedure (see 10.4.3) to differentiate a relatively less serious and less persistent tendency to early stiffening (false set) from one that is more persistent and, consequently, more serious (flash set).  
5.3 Severe false setting in a cement may cause difficulty from a placing and handling standpoint, but it is not likely to cause difficulties where concrete is mixed for a longer time than usual, as usually occurs in transit mixing, or where it is remixed prior to placing or transporting, in concrete pumping operations. It is most likely noticed where concrete is mixed for a short period of time in stationary mixers and transported to the forms in non-agitating equipment, as on some paving jobs, and when concrete is made in an on-site batch plant.  
5.4 Cements with severe false setting usually require slightly more mixing water to produce the same consistency, which may result in slightly lower strengths and increased drying shrinkage.  
5.5 Early stiffening resulting from false set is not likely to cause a cement to fail the applicable time of setting requirement.  
5.6 Early stiffening resulting from flash set, depending on severity, can cause a cement to fail the applicable time of setting requirement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of early stiffening in hydraulic-cement mortar.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification includes the requirements for mixing rooms where paste and mortar specimens are prepared and for moist cabinets, moist rooms, and water storage tanks where paste, mortar, and concrete specimens are stored; intended for use in the testing of hydraulic cements and concretes. The system shall be equipped with a temperature recorder and a reference temperature measuring device that are to be placed practically near to each other. The air and mixing water temperatures and the relative humidity in the cement mixing room shall be maintained at specific values. Moist cabinets and moist rooms shall be constructed of durable materials with tight-fitting doors or windows for all openings. Air in moist cabinet or moist room shall be saturated with moisture in order to provide specified storage conditions and air temperature shall be controlled with provisions made for heating, cooling, or both. The specified relative humidity in these systems shall be maintained by the use of one or more fog sprays, water sprays, or curtains of water on the inner walls. Water storage tanks shall be constructed of non-corroding materials with provisions for automatic control of water temperature. The water in a storage tank shall be saturated with calcium hydroxide to prevent leaching.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification includes requirements for mixing rooms where paste and mortar specimens are prepared; and for moist cabinets, moist rooms, and water storage tanks where paste, mortar, and concrete specimens are stored.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements. Sand shall meet the requirements with respect to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air entraining characteristics. Sieve analysis shall be performed by sieving the sand by hand or mechanically as prescribed. Results of the sieve analysis shall be reported as total percentage passing each sieve. Small amounts of some surfactants or other contaminants will produce air voids in mortars with 20-30 sand, graded sands or both. Tests for air-entraining potential of standard sand shall be made on a single day by a single operator.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to provide standard requirements for apparatus common to many test methods used in connection with cement and concrete and standardized procedures for its use. The detailed requirements as to materials, mixtures, specimens, conditioning of specimens, number of specimens, ages at which measurements are to be made, interpretation of results, and precision and bias are left to be dealt with in specific test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the apparatus and equipment used to prepare specimens for the determination of length change in hardened cement paste, mortar, and concrete, the apparatus and equipment used for the determination of these length changes, and the procedures for its use.  
1.2 Methods for the preparation and curing of test specimens, conditions of testing and curing, and detailed procedures for calculating and reporting test results are contained in applicable test methods.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine the degree to which a cement paste develops early stiffening or to establish whether or not a cement complies with a specification limit on early stiffening.  
5.2 When used for establishing compliance with a specification limit, the specification requirement is customarily stated in terms of the minimum allowable final penetration, in percent, calculated in accordance with the Calculation Section. When used for estimating the relative tendency of a cement to manifest early stiffening, additional information of value may be obtained if the remix procedure described in the Procedure Section is employed. Under some conditions, a judgment may be made by comparing the behavior in the initial test and in the remix procedure to differentiate a relatively less serious and less persistent tendency to early stiffening (false set) from one that is more persistent and, consequently, more serious (flash set).  
5.3 Severe false setting in a cement may cause difficulty from a placing and handling standpoint, but it is not likely to cause difficulties where concrete is mixed for a longer time than usual, as usually occurs in transit mixing, or where it is remixed prior to placing or transporting, as occurs in concrete pumping operations. It is most likely to be noticeable where concrete is mixed for a short period of time in stationary mixers and transported to the forms in non-agitating equipment, such as on some paving jobs, and when concrete is made in an on-site batch plant.  
5.4 Cements with severe false setting usually require slightly more water to produce the same consistency, which may be expected to result in slightly lower strengths and increased drying shrinkage.  
5.5 Early stiffening resulting from false set is not likely to cause a cement to fail the applicable time of setting requirement.  
5.6 Early stiffening resulting from flash set, depending on severity, can cause a cement to fail the applicable time o...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of early stiffening in hydraulic-cement paste.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to establish whether or not a cement complies with a specification limit on time of setting. It has been found to be particularly applicable for the determination of the setting time of expansive cements (see Specification C845/C845M).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time of setting of hydraulic cement mortar by means of the modified Vicat needle.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of determining compliance with a specification limit for Vicat time of setting. Refer to the appropriate specification for the cement to determine if this test method is used for specification compliance.  
5.2 Time of setting measured by this method will not necessarily provide the same results as the time of setting of hydraulic cement paste measured by other methods, or the time of setting of mortar or concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the time of setting of hydraulic cement by means of the Vicat needle. Two test methods are given; Test Method A is the Reference Test Method using the manually operated standard Vicat apparatus, while Test Method B permits the use of an automatic Vicat machine that has, in accordance with the qualification requirements of this method, demonstrated acceptable performance.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.4 The text of these test methods reference notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1: For the test method for determining the time of setting by Gillmore needles, see Test Method C266.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to establish whether a cement complies with a specification limit on Gillmore time of setting.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time of setting of hydraulic-cement paste by means of the Gillmore needles.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used primarily by those interested in research on methods for determining the potential sulfate resistance of portland cement. This test method is also used to establish that a sulfate-resisting portland cement meets the performance requirements of Specification C150/C150M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, which is applicable only to portland cements, covers the determination of the expansion of mortar bars made from a mixture of portland cement and gypsum in such proportions that the mixture has a sulfur trioxide (SO3) content of 7.0 mass %.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units (or SI units). Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for determining the flexural strength of hydraulic cement mortars. Portions of the mortar prisms tested in flexure in accordance with this test method may be used for the determination of compressive strength in accordance with Test Method C349.  
5.2 The values are determined from this test method for research or reference purposes only and are not used for determining compliance with specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of hydraulic-cement mortars.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum requirements for scales, balances, reference masses, and glass graduates used in the physical testing of hydraulic cements. Requirements for analytical reference masses and balances are not included in this specification. Reference masses for use in the methods of physical testing of hydraulic cement and related and similar materials shall conform at least to the requirements of Class 6 reference masses given in this specification. The maintenance tolerances given in this specification for Class 6 reference masses are to be considered acceptance tolerances for purposes of this specification and the maintenance tolerances twice these values. Requirements for scales, balances, and glass graduates shall conform at least to the requirements for capacity, precision and accuracy, readability, and sensitivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for scales, balances, reference masses, and glass graduates used in the physical testing of hydraulic cements.  
1.2 Requirements for analytical reference masses and balances are not included in this specification, but are to be found in Test Methods C114. The use of restrictive terminology, classes, ranges, and so forth has been intentionally avoided to allow the use of this specification by other standards-writing bodies with similar requirements for reference masses and devices for determining mass, if desired.  
1.3 These requirements are not sufficiently descriptive to be used as the sole specifications for the purchase of reference masses or devices for determining mass without amplification.  
1.4 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI–10, of measurement made in other units.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the flow of hydraulic cement mortars, and of mortars containing cementitious materials other than hydraulic cements.  
4.2 While flow is not usually included in hydraulic cement specifications, it is commonly used in standard tests that require the mortar to have a water content that provides a specified flow level.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flow of hydraulic cement mortars.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for use in the mechanical mixing of pastes and mortars for the testing of hydraulic cements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rheological properties provide information about the workability of cementitious paste or mortar. This test method may be used to measure flowability of a cement paste or the influence of a specific material or combination of materials on flowability.  
5.2 As rheological properties are sensitive to sample heterogeneities, special care is needed using this procedure so that sedimentation, particle migration away from the spindle or slippage at the surface of the spindle and container, is avoided.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to measure the rheological properties such as plastic viscosity and yield stress of cementitious materials with particles up to 1 mm in diameter.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to estimate the SO3 content for a hydraulic cement that gives maximum performance. The value obtained is one way to establish an appropriate level of sulfate in the manufacture of cements specified in Specifications C150/C150M, C595/C595M, and C1157/C1157M.  
3.2 The SO3 content of a cement giving maximum performance is different at different ages, with different performance criteria and with different materials such supplementary cementitious materials and chemical admixtures. A manufacturer can choose the performance criteriato determine optimum SO3 content. This optimum SO3 content may be a compromise between different ages and different performance criteria.
Note 1: Typically, the optimum SO3 content is higher the later the age.  
3.3 This guide indicates optimum SO3 content for cement, optionally in presence of supplementary cementitious materials and admixtures. Several alternate methods are allowed: compressive strength of concrete or mortar, heat of hydration of paste or mortar, and drying shrinkage of mortar.  
3.4 It should not be assumed that the optimum SO3 estimated in this guide is the same SO3 content for optimum performance of a concrete prepared in the field using the same materials. The optimum SO3 is influenced by parameters such as ambient and fresh concrete temperature, admixtures, and supplementary cementitious materials.  
3.5 The guide is applicable to cements specified in Specifications C150/C150M, C595/C595M, and C1157/C1157M.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the determination of approximate optimum SO3 for maximum performance as a result of substituting calcium sulfate for a portion of the cement.  
1.2 This guide refers to the sulfur trioxide (SO3) content of the cement only. Slag cements and occasionally other hydraulic cements can contain sulfide or other forms of sulfur. The determination of SO3 content by rapid methods may include these other forms, and may therefore produce a significant error. If a significant error occurs, analyze the cement for SO3 content using the reference test method of Test Methods C114 for sulfur trioxide.  
1.3 Values stated as SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine whether or not the hydraulic cement under test meets the air-entraining or non-air-entraining requirements of the applicable hydraulic cement specification for which the test is being made. The air content of concrete is influenced by many factors other than the potential of the cement for air entrainment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of hydraulic cement mortar under the conditions hereinafter specified.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Values in SI shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a relatively simple and reliable microscopical means of measuring the phase abundance of portland cement clinker (Note 1). Microscopical point counting provides a direct measure of the clinker phase composition in contrast to the calculated Bogue phase composition (Note 2).
Note 1: This test method utilizes a reflected light microscope. Related methods such as transmitted light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and automated imaging techniques may also be used for clinker analysis but are not presently included in this test method.
Note 2: This test method allows direct determination of the proportion of each individual phase in portland cement clinker. This test method is intended to provide an alternative to the indirect estimation of phase proportion using the equations in Specification C150/C150M (footnote C in Table 1 and footnote B in Table 2).  
5.2 This test method assumes the operator is qualified to operate a reflected light microscope and the required accessories, is able to correctly prepare polished sections and use necessary etchants, and is able to correctly identify the constituent phases.  
5.3 This test method may be used as part of a quality control program in cement manufacturing as well as a troubleshooting tool. Microscopic characterization of clinker phases may also aid in correlating cement properties and cement performance in concrete, to the extent that properties and performance are a function of phase composition.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a systematic procedure for measuring the percentage volume of the phases in portland cement clinker by microscopy.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.