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ASTM D2210-00(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test

Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test method is designed to measure the force required to crack the grain of leather by steady hydraulic pressure on a diaphragm of definite diameter applied to the flesh side of the specimen to form a sphere. The cracking of the grain is a result of failure under elongation or stretch. The elongation or stretch of the leather can be measured at different loads or at the failure of the grain to determine if the stress leather will withstand under lasting conditions. Cuts, scratches, and other defects will cause considerable variation in the results by concentration of the applied force to the weak points. This test method is excellent for manufacturing control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation in the lasting property of leather. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of leather to grain cracking and for measuring the extension of the leather. It is limited to light leathers such as shoe uppers, garment, gloves, and upholstery. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2012
ICS
59.140.30 - Leather and furs
Technical Committee
D31 - Leather
Drafting Committee
D31.03 - Footwear
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2210-00(2008) - Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM D2322-14(2023) - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather to Artificial Perspiration
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012

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ASTM D2210-00(2012) - Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen TestASTM D2210-00(2012) - Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
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ASTM D2210-00(2012) - Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2210 − 00 (Reapproved2012)
Standard Test Method for
1
Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
4.1 The test method is designed to measure the force
tance of leather to grain cracking and for measuring the required to crack the grain of leather by steady hydraulic
extension of the leather. It is limited to light leathers such as
pressure on a diaphragm of definite diameter applied to the
shoe uppers, garment, gloves, and upholstery.This test method fleshsideofthespecimentoformasphere.Thecrackingofthe
does not apply to wet blue.
grain is a result of failure under elongation or stretch. The
elongationorstretchoftheleathercanbemeasuredatdifferent
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
loads or at the failure of the grain to determine if the stress
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
leatherwillwithstandunderlastingconditions.Cuts,scratches,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and other defects will cause considerable variation in the
and are not considered standard.
resultsbyconcentrationoftheappliedforcetotheweakpoints.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
This test method is excellent for manufacturing control, speci-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fication acceptance, and service evaluation in the lasting
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
property of leather. This test method may not apply when the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
conditions of the test employed differ widely from those
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specified in the test method.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
5.1 Testing Machine, asshowninFig.1.Themachineshall
D1610Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
be hand- or power-driven. The machine shall hold the speci-
ucts for Testing
men firmly, without slippage, between two annular, plane,
D1813Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather
unpolished (matte) surfaces that may have fine, spiral tool
Test Specimens
marks not over 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) in depth.
5.2 Upper Clamping Surface—The upper clamping surface
3. Terminology
(clampingring)shallhaveacircularopening1.240 60.010in.
3.1 Definitions:
(31.50 6 0.25 mm) in diameter and shall be connected to the
3.1.1 extension—the amount of stretch of leather over the
clamping mechanism through a swivel joint to ensure an even
diaphragm under pressure.
clamping pressure.
3.1.2 grain cracking—the appearance of cracks on the
5.3 Lower Clamping Surface—The lower clamping surface
surface of the leather as the leather is extended over a
(diaphragmplate)shallbe0.219 60.003in.(5.56 60.08mm)
diaphragm under pressure to form a sphere.
thick and have an opening of 1.240 6 0.01 in. (31.50 6 0.52
mm) in diameter.The circular edges of the openings that come
incontactwiththespecimenandtherubberdiaphragmshallbe
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
rounded to a radius of not over 0.025 in. (0.64 mm) to prevent
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear. This test
any cutting action. During the test, the circular edges of the
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
(Standard Method E58–1965).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally
approved in 1963 as D2210–63T. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
3
D2210–00(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D2210-00R12. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or is B. F. Perkins, 939 Chicopee St., Chicopee, MA 01013-2797, (413) 536-1311. If
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
the ASTM website. responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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