ASTM F1447-99a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Protective Headgear Used in Bicycling
Standard Specification for Protective Headgear Used in Bicycling
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets manufactured for use by adult or junior bicyclists. This specification recognizes the desirability of lightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is a performance standard and is not intended to restrict design.
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F 1446, except where noted herein.
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Designation: F 1447 – 99a
Standard Specification for
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Protective Headgear Used in Bicycling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 21.6 mm of the Y-Z plane on the side containing the ball arm
where the Y-Z plane is perpendicular to the Z-X plane and
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for
contains the design center of the headform. Please see Fig. 1.
helmets manufactured for use by adult or junior bicyclists. This
The center of the anvil must be fixed in alignment with the
specification recognizes the desirability of lightweight con-
center vertical axis of the accelerometer.
struction and ventilation; however, it is a performance standard
and is not intended to restrict design.
4. Anvils and Impact Velocities
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall
4.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specification
be in accordance with Test Methods F 1446, except where
are the flat, hemispherical, and curbstone anvils, described in
noted herein.
16.4, and Figs. 7, 8, and 11 of Test Methods F 1446.
1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any
4.2 The helmet shall be dropped onto the flat anvil to
statement of compliance with this specification shall be a
achieve an impact velocity of 6.2 m/s (corresponding to a
certification that the product meets all of the requirements of
theoretical drop height of 2.0 m).
the specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet any
4.3 The helmet shall be dropped onto the hemispherical and
one of the requirements of this specification is considered to
curbstone anvils to achieve an impact velocity of 4.8 m/s
have failed the standard and should not be sold with any
(corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.2 m).
indication that it meets parts of the standard.
4.4 The impact velocity shall be measured during the last 40
2. Referenced Documents mm of free-fall for each test and shall be within 63 % of the
velocities specified in 4.2 and 4.3.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F 1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used
5. Marking the Test Line (Area of Required Coverage)
in Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective
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5.1 Place the helmet on the appropriate reference headform
Headgear
(see 3.1.15 of Test Methods F 1446) and preload with a preload
3. Headforms ballast weight of 5 kg.
5.2 Position the helmet as specified by the manufacturer’s
3.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are as
head positioning index (HPI) with the brow parallel to the basic
specified in Section 6 of Test Methods F 1446. The appropriate
plane.
size headform shall be selected (see 3.1.7 of Test Methods
5.3 Draw a line A-B-C-D on the helmet as shown in Fig. 2.
F 1446) for the helmet to be tested.
This represents the test line defined in Test Methods F 1446.
3.2 In addition to the provisions of Test Methods F 1446, the
center of gravity of the headform must be within a 10° vertical
6. Conditioning, Number of Samples and Laboratory
cone from the center of impact and lie within a rectangular area
Environment
28 by 12.8 mm oriented as shown in Fig. 1. The center of
6.1 The test normally requires eight samples of each shell/
gravity of the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm millime-
liner combination.
ters of the Z-X plane, which is defined for twin wire systems as
6.2 Conditioning of the samples to be tested is described in
the plane containing the axes of the two guide wires, and for
Sections 11 and 12 of Test Methods F 1446, except that the
monorail systems as the plane containing the design center of
ambient sample may be conditioned in an environment at 17 to
the headform and the axis of the monorail. The center of
27°C with a relative humidity of 20 to 80 %, and the wet
gravity of the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm of the Y-Z
sample is to be submerged inverted in potable water at a
plane on the side opposite the arm of the ball arm and within
temperature of 17 to 27°C to an external crown depth of at least
305 6 25 mm.
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-8 on Sports
Equipment, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 7. Impact Sites and Projections
on Headgear and Helmets.
7.1 Impact sites are described in 18.2 of Test Methods
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published February 2000. Originally
F 1446.
published as F 1447 – 93. Last previous edition F 1447 – 99.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
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