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ASTM B488-01(2010)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited gold coatings for engineering applications, employed specifically for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including resistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization), bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, and infrared reflectivity. This specification does not cover gold coatings produced from autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposition. Coatings shall be classified into types, which characterize minimum purity, and codes, which designate Knoop hardness. Coatings shall be sampled, tested and conform to specified requirements as to purity, hardness, appearance, thickness, mass per unit area, ductility, adhesion (assessed by either bend, heat, or cutting test), and integrity (including gross defects, mechanical damage, and porosity).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited gold coatings that contain not less than 99.00 mass % gold and that are used for engineering applications.
1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatings.
1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specification are employed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including resistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization), bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, and infrared reflectivity. Several types of coatings, differing in gold purity and hardness, are covered by this specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values provided in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods section, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2010
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.04 - Precious Metal Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B488-01(2006) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Replaced By
ASTM B488-01(2010)e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM B866-95(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by Polysulfide Immersion
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM B867-95(2018) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Nickel for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM B877-96(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by the Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA) Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM B679-98(2021) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM B984-12(2020)e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Cobalt Alloy for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010

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ASTM B488-01(2010) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering UsesASTM B488-01(2010) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
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ASTM B488-01(2010) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B488 – 01 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
1
Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base
Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodepos-
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
ited gold coatings that contain not less than 99.00 mass % gold
B343 Practice for Preparation of Nickel for Electroplating
and that are used for engineering applications.
with Nickel
1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are auto-
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
catalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatings.
B481 Practice for Preparation of Titanium and Titanium
1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specification are em-
Alloys for Electroplating
ployed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including
B482 Practice for Preparation of Tungsten and Tungsten
resistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization),
Alloys for Electroplating
bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability,
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
and infrared reflectivity. Several types of coatings, differing in
CoatingThicknessbyMicroscopicalExaminationofCross
gold purity and hardness, are covered by this specification.
Section
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
B489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-
standard. Values provided in parentheses are for information
ited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on
only.
Metals
1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-
methods section, Section 9, of this specification: This standard
nessesbytheMagneticMethod:NonmagneticCoatingson
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
Magnetic Basis Metals
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
tallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
B507 Practice for Design ofArticles to Be Electroplated on
to use.
Racks
2. Referenced Documents
B542 Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts and
2
Their Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B558 Practice for Preparation of NickelAlloys for Electro-
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
plating
Electroplating
B567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
by the Beta Backscatter Method
troplating
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
B253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-
by X-Ray Spectrometry
troplating
B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
Coatings
Stainless Steel
B578 Test Method for Microhardness of Electroplated
Coatings
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Inorganic Coatings
B08.08.02 on Precious Metal Coatings.
B678 Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-Coated
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
approvedin1968.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2006asB488 – 01(2006).DOI:
Products
10.1520/B0488-01R10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B488 – 01 (2010)
B697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection 4.1.2 Code, designating Knoop hardness in accordance with
of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings 4.2.3, and
B735 Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on Metal 4.1.3 a numeral designating thickness in micrometres in
Substrates by Nitric Acid Vapor accordance with 4.3.
B741 Test Method for Porosity In Gold Coatings On Metal 4.2 Purity and Hardness:
3
Substrates By Paper Electrograp
...

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This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited palladium-nickel (Pd-Ni) coatings for engineering applications. Composite coatings consisting of palladium-nickel and a thin gold over-plate for applications involving electrical contacts are also covered. The classification system for the coatings covered here shall be specified by the basis metal, the thickness of the underplating, the composition type and thickness class of the palladium-nickel coating, and the grade of the gold overplating. Coatings should be sampled, tested, and conform to specified requirements as to purity, appearance, thickness, composition, adhesion, ductility, and integrity (including gross defects, mechanical damage, porosity, and microcracks). Alloy composition shall be examined either by wet method, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Auger or electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), or wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS). Coating adhesion shall be analyzed either by bend, heat, or cutting test.
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Palladium  
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Platinum  
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Rhodium  
750–1100  
Ruthenium  
600–1300  
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Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings

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This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications (for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts), for electronics applications (including as underplates in contacts or interconnections), and in certain joining applications. Coatings shall be available in any one of the following types: Type 1, coatings electroplated from solutions not containing hardeners, brighteners, or stress control additives; Type 2, electrodeposits used at moderate temperatures, and contain sulfur or other codeposited elements or compounds that are present to increase the hardness, refine grain structure, or control internal stress; and Type 3, electroplates containing dispersed submicron particles such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and aluminum oxide that are present to increase hardness and wear resistance at specified temperatures. Metal parts shall undergo pre- and post-coating treatments to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and peening. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to appearance, thickness (measured either destructively by microscopical or coulometric method, or nondestructively by magnetic or X-ray method), adhesion (examined either by bend, file, heat and quench, or push test), porosity (assessed either by hot water, ferroxyl, or flowers of sulfur test), workmanship, and hydrogen embrittlement relief.
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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications, for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts, for electronic applications, including as underplates in contacts or interconnections, and in certain joining applications.  
1.2 Electroplating of nickel for engineering applications (Note 1) requires technical considerations significantly different from decorative applications because the following functional properties are important:  
1.2.1 Hardness, strength, and ductility,  
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1.2.6 Fretting resistance, and  
1.2.7 Fatigue resistance.  
Note 1: Functional electroplated nickel coatings usually contain about 99 % nickel, and are most frequently electrodeposited from a Watts nickel bath or a nickel sulfamate bath. Typical mechanical properties of nickel electroplated from these baths, and the combined effect of bath operation and solution composition variables on the mechanical properties of the electrodeposit are given in Guide B832. When electroplated nickel is required to have higher hardnesses, greater wear resistance, certain residual stress values and certain leveling characteristics, sulfur and other substances are incorporated in the nickel deposit through the use of certain addition agents in the electroplating solution. For the effect of such additives, see Section 4 and Annex A3. Cobalt salts are sometimes added to the plating solution to produce harder nickel alloy deposits.  
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Standard Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on Metals

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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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