ASTM D1978-91(2002)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Analysis of Electrocoat Bath Samples
Standard Guide for Analysis of Electrocoat Bath Samples
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection of test methods for determination of the important parameters that affect the performance of electrocoating paints.
1.2 The test methods involved are D4370, D4399, D4584, and D5145.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1978–91(Reapproved 2002)
Standard Guide for
Analysis of Electrocoat Bath Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1978; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mined throughout the operation of the bath. These parameters
must be adjusted when deviations from the norm occur.
1.1 This guide covers the selection of test methods for
3.2 The test methods for electrocoat baths are unique, as the
determination of the important parameters that affect the
aqueous samples have a nonvolatile content between 8 and
performance of electrocoating paints.
25 %. Constant agitation must be present when the samples are
1.2 The test methods involved are D 4370, D 4399, D 4584,
taken and during the measurement of some of the parameters.
and D 5145.
4. Test Methods
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Acid and Base Content—Test Methods D 4370 covers
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the determination of acid and base milliequivalent content of
D 4370 Test Methods for Acid and Base Milliequivalent
2 electrocoat baths.
Content of Electrocoat Bath Samples
4.2 ElectricalConductivity—Test Method D 4399 describes
D 4399 Test Method for Measuring Electrical Conductivity
2 the determination of the electrical conductivity of electrocoat
of Electrocoat Baths
baths.
D 4584 Test Method for Measuring Apparent pH of Elec-
4.3 pH Determination—Test Method D 4584 describes the
trocoat Baths
measurement of the apparent pH of paints and ultrafiltrates of
D 5145 Test Method for Nonvolatile and Pigment Content
electrocoat baths.
of Electrocoat Baths
4.4 NonvolatileandPigmentContent—TestMethodD 5145
3. Significance and Use covers the determination of nonvolatile and inorganic pigment
content of electrocoat baths.
3.1 This guide indicates test procedures recommend
...
This May Also Interest You
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Subject to the limitations listed above, the procedure can be used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment and paint formulations as well as to study the relative effect on transfer efficiency of changing operating variables, spray application equipment, and types of coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation and comparison of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under controlled laboratory conditions.
1.2 This test method has been shown to yield excellent intralaboratory reproducibility. Interlaboratory precision is poorer and is highly dependent on closely controlled air flow in the spray booth, the rate at which the paint is delivered to the part, and other variables suggested in the test method.
1.3 Limitations:
1.3.1 This laboratory procedure only indicates the direction of the effect of spray variables on transfer efficiency. The magnitude of the effect is determined only by specific plant experience.
Note 1: This laboratory procedure requires specific equipment and procedures. For those laboratories that do not have access to the type of equipment required a more general laboratory procedure is being prepared as Procedure B.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7 and 8.11.9 and 8.13.2.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Water can cause the degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in water fog tests may be caused by a number of factors, including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems.
4.2 Water fog tests are used for research and development of coatings and substrate treatments, specification acceptance, and quality control in manufacturing. These tests usually result in a pass or fail determination, but the degree of failure may also be measured. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.
4.3 Results obtained from the use of water fog tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.
4.4 The test apparatus is similar to that used in Practice B117, and the conversion of the apparatus from salt spray to water fog testing is feasible. Care should be taken to remove all traces of the salt from the cabinet and reservoir when converting from salt spray to water fog testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings in an apparatus similar to that used for salt spray testing.
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water fog tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
Note 1: Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D2247, and D4585.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A coating/lining is applied to a metallic substrate to prevent corrosion or reduce product contamination, or both. The degree of coating continuity required is dictated by service conditions. Discontinuities in a coating/lining are frequently very minute and may not be readily visible. This practice provides a procedure for electrical detection of discontinuities in nonconductive coating systems.
4.2 Electrical testing to determine the presence and number of discontinuities in a coating/lining is performed on a nonconductive coating/lining applied to an electrically conductive surface. The allowable number of discontinuities should be determined prior to conducting this test since the acceptable quantity of discontinuities will vary depending on film thickness, design, and service conditions.
4.3 The low voltage wet sponge test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of 0.5 mm (20 mil) or less. High voltage spark test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of greater than 0.5 mm (20 mil).
4.3.1 Coatings/linings less than 0.5 mm (20 mil) in thickness may be susceptible to damage if tested with high voltage spark testing equipment. However, coatings/linings greater than 0.25 mm (10 mil) and less than 0.5 mm (20 mil) may be tested with high voltage spark test equipment provided the voltage is calculated and set correctly, and the coating manufacturer approves its use.
4.4 To prevent damage to a coating film when using high voltage test instrumentation, total film thickness and dielectric strength in a coating system shall be considered in determining the appropriate voltage for detection of discontinuities. Atmospheric conditions shall also be considered since the voltage required for the spark to gap a given distance in air varies with the conductivity of the air at the time the test is conducted. Table X1.1 in Appendix X1 cont...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for determining discontinuities using two types of test equipment:
1.1.1 Test Method A—Low Voltage Wet Sponge, and
1.1.2 Test Method B—High Voltage Spark Testers.
1.2 This practice addresses metallic substrates. For concrete surfaces, refer to Practice D4787.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure defines a test method for comparing the relative resistance of pipeline coatings to abrasion.
5.2 Abrasion resistance may be used to specify optimum coating thickness of candidate materials both in development and research work to study new coating systems or methods and in quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method of accelerated test is a procedure for determining the relative resistance of steel pipeline coatings to abrasion by a slurry of coarse abrasive and water. The method is intended to apply to the testing of all types of electrical insulating pipeline coatings and tapes, including thermoplastics, thermoset, and bituminous materials.
1.2 Pipeline coatings are not normally subjected to the type of abrasion herein specified.
1.3 Metallic protective coatings such as zinc may be compared visually, but do not meet the electrical requirements of this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units to three significant decimals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Immersion in water can cause the degradation of coatings. Knowledge on how a coating resists water immersion is helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in a water immersion test may be caused by a number of factors including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems.
4.2 Water immersion tests are used for research and development of coatings and substrate treatments, specification acceptance, and quality control in manufacturing. These tests typically result in a pass or fail determination, but the degree of failure may also be measured. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.
4.3 Results obtained from water immersion tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.
4.4 Corrosion tests of a scribed coating on a ferrous substrate are impractical in water immersion tests as the corrosion products tend to contaminate the water bath. Continuous overflow of the test tank is sometimes required to maintain consistent water quality.
4.5 The apparatus for the test is relatively inexpensive and can be as simple as a glass beaker with a stirrer. It is also possible to use very large tanks for testing coated pipe or other large coated products.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by the partial or complete immersion of coated specimens in distilled or de-mineralized water at ambient or elevated temperatures. Although the apparatus and procedure could be employed in immersion tests using solutions of various materials in water, this practice is limited to tests in water alone.
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water immersion tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
Note 1: Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D1735, D2247, and D4585.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide describes procedures that can be used to prepare new zinc-coated surfaces for painting and improve the bond of paint to the zinc surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers surface cleaning and various methods for treating new, continuous zinc-coated (galvanized) steel surfaces produced by either the hot-dip method or by electroplating. This guide is applicable to only surface preparation for application of liquid paint and coating products, and not for powder coating applications. This guide covers surfaces that have not been treated previously at the mill to provide temporary protection against staining by moisture other than by easily removed protective oils (see Appendix X1). For preparing surfaces of new or weathered items of zinc-coated steel produced by batch processing, refer to Practice D6386.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide indicates test procedures recommended for the maintenance of acceptable performance of the paint in an electrocoating bath. Several critical parameters must be determined throughout the operation of the bath. These parameters must be adjusted when deviations from the norm occur.
3.2 The test methods for electrocoat baths are unique, as the aqueous samples have a nonvolatile content between 8 and 25 %. Constant agitation must be present when the samples are taken and during the measurement of some of the parameters.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection of test methods for determination of the important parameters that affect the performance of electrocoating paints.
1.2 The test methods involved are D4370, D4399, D4584, and D5145.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This standard provides guide to evaluation and testing of color, color difference, gloss, metamerism, and miscellaneous optical properties of optical powder coatings by both visual and instrumental means. Visual evaluation of optical properties shall include visual gloss test method, Munsell Color Order System, and ASTM test standards indicated in the specification. Instrumental evaluation of optical properties shall include specular gloss test, filter photometry, reflection haze, fluorescence, and ASTM test standards indicated in the specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides the user with a guide to the various available practices and test methods for the evaluation of color, color difference, gloss, and metamerism by both visual and by instrumental means.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coating weight is an indicator of certain functional characteristics of coated substrates (for example, sealability, peelability, appearance). The methodology described in this practice is a means of determining coat weight.
5.2 This practice does not address acceptability criteria. These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer of the product.
5.3 The methodology described in this practice includes operator assessment of effective coating removal. This is a subjective assessment and requires operator training for consistent results.
5.4 This practice is applicable to coated substrates in which only the coating is soluble in the chosen solvent. The solvent used is critical to the success of the coating removal process. The coated substrate manufacturer must provide guidance in choice of solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the amount of coating applied to a substrate, (for example, film, paper, nonwoven). The amount of coating is expressed as a weight per given area, (for example, g/m2, lb/ream).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Subject to the limitations listed above, the procedure can be used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment and paint formulations as well as to study the relative effect on transfer efficiency of changing operating variables, spray application equipment, and types of coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation and comparison of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under controlled laboratory conditions.
1.2 This test method has been shown to yield excellent intralaboratory reproducibility. Interlaboratory precision is poorer and is highly dependent on closely controlled air flow in the spray booth, the rate at which the paint is delivered to the part, and other variables suggested in the test method.
1.3 Limitations:
1.3.1 This laboratory procedure only indicates the direction of the effect of spray variables on transfer efficiency. The magnitude of the effect is determined only by specific plant experience.
Note 1: This laboratory procedure requires specific equipment and procedures. For those laboratories that do not have access to the type of equipment required a more general laboratory procedure is being prepared as Procedure B.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7 and 8.11.9 and 8.13.2.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.