ASTM C1645-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M while immersed in a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units that do not conform to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test method.
3.2 The results from this test method are not intended to provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the resistance to freezing and thawing of solid interlocking concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap water or 3 % saline solution, depending on the intended use of the units in actual service.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C1645 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete
1
Interlocking Paving Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* that do not conform to the dimensional requirements of
Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test
1.1 Thistestmethodevaluatestheresistancetofreezingand
method.
thawingofsolidinterlockingconcretepavingunitsconforming
to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/
3.2 The results from this test method are not intended to
C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap
provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from
water or 3% saline solution, depending on the intended use of
concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional require-
the units in actual service.
ments of Specification C936/C936M.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Apparatus
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
4.1 Freezing-and-Thawing Apparatus—The freezing appa-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ratus shall consist of suitable cabinet or cold room with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
controls to reach and maintain within1hof introduction of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- specimens an air temperature of −5 6 3°C (23 6 5°F) at all
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
locations within the chamber regardless of the number of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. specimensinthechamber.Thethawingchambershallmaintain
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
a controlled air temperature. This temperature shall never be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- greater than +30°C (86°F).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 Balance—Abalance capable of weighing 500 g with an
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
accuracyof 60.1gshallbeusedformeasuringthemassofthe
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fine spalled material.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.3 Drying Oven—A ventilated oven of appropriate size
2. Referenced Documents
capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 65°C
2
(230 69°F).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C936/C936MSpecification for Solid Concrete Interlocking
4.4 Specimen Container—The specimen container shall be
Paving Units
made of non-corroding flexible material and have dimensions
that allow complete submersion of the specimen in the test
3. Significance and Use
solution.Thesizeofthecontainershallbelessthanorequalto
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of
three times the volume of the unit that is being tested. The
freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional
container shall prevent evaporation of the test solution.
requirementsofSpecificationC936/C936Mwhileimmersedin
a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units
5. Sampling
5.1 Selection of Test Specimens—Select whole units repre-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
sentative of the lot from which they are selected. The units
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
shall be free from visible cracks, chipped edges, and structural
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
defects.
Current edition approved on June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C1645/C1645M–19.
5.2 Number of Test Specimens—Sample according to the
DOI: 10.1520/C1645-21.
2
requirements of Specification C936/C936M.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 Identification—Mark each test specimen so that it is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. identifiable at any time.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1645 − 21
6. Preparation of Test Specimens 5 6 1 mm above the top surface of the specimens (Note 1).
Afterfillingthecontainers,theyshallbeimmediatelyclosedto
6.1 Sampling—Whenpossible,specimensshallbefull-sized
minim
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1645 − 19 C1645 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete
1
Interlocking Paving Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method evaluates the resistance to freezing and thawing of solid interlocking concrete paving units conforming to
the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap water or 3 % saline
solution, depending on the intended use of the units in actual service.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C936/C936M Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional
requirements of Specification C936/C936M while immersed in a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units that
do not conform to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test method.
3.2 The results from this test method are not intended to provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from concrete
paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Freezing-and-Thawing Apparatus—The freezing apparatus shall consist of suitable cabinet or cold room with controls to reach
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on Concrete
Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved on Dec. 1, 2019June 1, 2021. Published December 2019June 2021. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20162019
as C1645/C1645M – 16.C1645/C1645M – 19. DOI: 10.1520/C1645-19.10.1520/C1645-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1645 − 21
and maintain within 1 h of introduction of specimens an air temperature of −5 6 3°C (23 6 5°F) at all locations within the chamber
regardless of the number of specimens in the chamber. The thawing chamber shall maintain a controlled air temperature. This
temperature shall never be greater than +30°C (86°F).
4.2 Balance—A balance capable of weighing 500 g with an accuracy of 60.1 g shall be used for measuring the mass of the fine
spalled material.
4.3 Drying Oven—A ventilated oven of appropriate size capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 6 5°C (230 6 9°F).
4.4 Specimen Container—The specimen container shall be made of non-corroding flexible material and have dimensions that
allow complete submersion of the specimen in the test solution. The size of the container shall be less than or equal to three times
the volume of the unit that is being tested. The container shall prevent evaporation of the test solution.
5. Sampling
5.1 Selection of Test Specimens—Select whole units representative of the lot from which they are selected. The units shall be free
from visible cracks, chipped edges, an
...
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