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ASTM F1268-90(2020)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Establishing and Operating a Public Information, Education, and Relations Program for Emergency Medical Service Systems

Standard Guide for Establishing and Operating a Public Information, Education, and Relations Program for Emergency Medical Service Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is essential to have the public's understanding and support for the EMS system to ensure its proper development and utilization.  
4.2 This guide encompasses those procedures, considerations, and resources that are necessary for a successful EMS public information, education, and relations program. Complex EMS systems may integrate or augment, or both, this guide in its entirety. Less complex systems may need to collaborate with other EMS organizations and related agencies. Responsibility for this guide will vary by level of authority, that is, state, regional, and local. (See Guide F1086.)  
4.3 The PIER tasks involve research, planning, production, distribution, and evaluation. Production requires significant resources and expertise and may be done most appropriately at the higher level, such as regional, state, and national levels.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide national voluntary standards and recommendations to effectively provide emergency medical service system information and education to the public.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2020
ICS
11.160 - First aid
Technical Committee
F30 - Emergency Medical Services
Drafting Committee
F30.03 - Organization/Management
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM F1086-94(2016) - Standard Guide for Structures and Responsibilities of Emergency Medical Services Systems Organizations
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Refers
ASTM F1086-94(2008) - Standard Guide for Structures and Responsibilities of Emergency Medical Services Systems Organizations
Effective Date
01-Feb-2008
Refers
ASTM F1086-94(2002) - Standard Guide for Structures and Responsibilities of Emergency Medical Services Systems Organizations
Effective Date
15-Oct-1994
Refers
ASTM F1086-94 - Standard Guide for Structures and Responsibilities of Emergency Medical Services Systems Organizations
Effective Date
15-Oct-1994

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ASTM F1268-90(2020) - Standard Guide for Establishing and Operating a Public Information, Education, and Relations Program for Emergency Medical Service SystemsASTM F1268-90(2020) - Standard Guide for Establishing and Operating a Public Information, Education, and Relations Program for Emergency Medical Service Systems
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ASTM F1268-90(2020) - Standard Guide for Establishing and Operating a Public Information, Education, and Relations Program for Emergency Medical Service Systems
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1268 − 90 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Guide for
Establishing and Operating a Public Information, Education,
and Relations Program for Emergency Medical Service
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system exists for only one reason—to serve the public. If
the system is to perform its functions, the public must be aware of it and must use it to the fullest
extent. Because the public is an essential part of the EMS system, every EMS system must support
a public information, education, and relations (PIER) component. However, because other elements
such as categorization, critical care protocols, communications, and provider training require as much
time and energy, plus the fact that most administrators lack orientation to public information
principles, there is a tendency to approach the public information, education, and relations component
in a less organized and scientific way. Consequently, PIER may suffer a lower priority and may
become a random or fragmented activity.
The fact is that people do not readily change their attitudes and behavior unless it is specifically and
immediately demonstrated to them that there is a need to do so. In this day of complex media message
sending, it is often difficult to get the attention of the general public in the first place. To achieve a
successful PIER program, it should be an organized and systematic effort, including:
(1)An assessment of the attitudes, awareness, and knowledge about one’s health and access to the
health delivery system;
(2) A determination of the knowledge needs and identifiable components of the general public;
(3) A method for delivery of information that is relevant, accessible, understandable, acceptable,
usable, timely, and cost-effective;
(4) Ensure that, as much as possible, the information is integrated into attitudes and behaviors of
daily living; and
(5) Evaluate PIER objectives to assess whether or not behavioral changes have occurred, with
beneficial effect upon the individual and ultimately society, and adjusting future PIER activities as
indicated.
Education about health matters has to be interesting, enjoyable, uncomplicated, relevant, and have
some evidence of immediate concrete benefit to the individual’s activities. In EMS, some of the
programs are intrinsically appealing: for example, people might readily participate in CPR training as
it represents a dramatic and demonstrable learning process. However, citizens are less enthusiastic
about access information, abuse and misuse messages, or other facts which are to them, less dramatic
and apparently less relevant.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on Emergency
Medical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.03 on
Organization/Management.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1268 – 90 (2012).
DOI: 10.1520/F1268-90R20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1268 − 90 (2020)
1. Scope Responsibility for this guide will vary by level of authority,
that is, state, regional, and local. (See Guide F1086.)
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide national volun-
tary standards and recommendations to effectively provide 4.3 The PIER tasks involve research, planning, production,
emergency medical service system information and education distribution, and evaluation. Production requires significant
to the public. resources and expertise and may be done most appropriately at
the higher level, such as regional, state, and national levels.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Statement of the Problem
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 Despite the development and rapid expansion of emer-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
gency medical services following the passage of the Highway
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Safety Act of 1966 and the Emergency Medical Services
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
System Act of 1973, underutilization and improper utilization
2. Referenced Documents of services still exist in the system. The general public lacks
2 information on how to access and use the EMS system
2.1 ASTM Standards:
appropriately.
F1086 Guide for Structures and Responsibilities of Emer-
gency Medical Services Systems Organizations 5.2 The public needs to learn what EMS is and especially
that it is a system, the importance of utilizing EMS, how to
3. Terminology
access it, and what to do and not to do until the ambulance and
therefore the EMS system arrives. If the public knowledge
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
concerning EMS can be improved, then it is likely that
3.1.1 demographics—the study of the descriptive character-
appropriate utilization of EMS will increase.
istics of the population. They have long been used to divide or
segment the population.
6. Elements of a PIER Program for EMS
3.1.2 external PIER attributes—for the public or user of the
6.1 The essential elements of an effective public
EMS system.
information, education, and relations program include, but are
3.1.3 internal PIER attributes—within the EMS system for
not limited to:
its participants and providers.
6.1.1 An understanding of EMS system design and opera-
3.1.4 public education—an activity that conveys knowledge
tion.
or training, or both, in specific skills.
6.1.2 Proper access to the system (9-1-1, telephone, call
box).
3.1.5 public information—an activity that factually teaches
6.1.3 Self help, for example, CPR, First Aid, Vial of Life,
what the EMS system is and how to enter and use it.
Medic Alert, and other emergency data devices.
3.1.6 public information, education, and relations (PIER)
6.1.4 Provision for the appropriate and timely release of
program—the totality of efforts in all three areas. It is ideally
informationonEMSrelatedevents,issues,andpublicrelations
well integrated, unified, focused, with planning and systematic
(damage control).
execution.
6.1.5 Evaluation of EMS.
3.1.7 public information offıcer—a person who disseminates
6.1.5.1 Importance of user and provider input.
appropriate and timely facts.
6.1.5.2 How to effectively collect and assimilate input.
3.1.8 public relations—an activity used to foster positive
6.1.6 Current health and safety habits as they relate to
public attitudes and enhance trust and credibility about the prevention and reduction of health risks for the public and
EMS system and its providers.
providers.
6.1.7 Provision for recruitment campaigns for career and
4. Significance and Use
volunteer personnel in EMS.
4.1 It is essential to have the public’s understanding and
7. Organizational Commitment to and Authority for
support for the EMS system to ensure its proper development
PIER
and utilization.
7.1 There must be an organizational commitment from the
4.2 This guide encompasses those procedures,
EMS system (see Fig. 1).
considerations, and resources that are necessary for a success-
7.2 To have an effective PIER program the chief executive
ful EMS public information, education, and relations program.
Complex EMS systems may integrate or augment, or both, this officer (CEO) must be personally committed to PIER and be
able to make definitive decisions concerning commitment of
guide in its entirety. Less complex systems may need to
collaboratewithotherEMSorganizationsandrelatedagencies. organizational resources. This CEO must assign a PIER
director who has access to the CEO. This person may in some
small areas also be the CEO. The CEO must be continually
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or apprised of the progress of the PIER program.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.3 The organization must designate a responsible and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. committed public information and education person with
F1268 − 90 (2020)
9.2.3 Medical Facilities—These include number, location
(and service area), beds, type, trauma center designation,
teaching facility, and the interface/cooperation with the EMS
system.
9.2.4 Current Public Information and Education
Programs—Theseincludetypeandscopeofexistingprograms,
effectiveness, program costs and funding sources, and related
programs of other organizations and institutions (for example,
AHA, ARC, and so forth).
9.2.5 Current Public Perceptions and Knowledge—This
includes knowledge of existing system structure, capabilities
andquality,accesstothesystem,selfhelpprograms(CPR,first
aid, and related programs), and current health habits, for
NOTE 1—In order to provide the elements of the PIER program, this
example, diet, smoking, exercise, substance abuse, and so
planning model should be followed.
forth, as it is related to prevention and reduction of emergency
FIG. 1 PIER Planning Model
health risks.
9.2.6 Emergency Health Data—This includes morbility/
demonstrated ability who is accountable for the PIER program.
mortality from critical care, subgroups of cardiac, trauma,
This person will also provide the mechanism for establishing
poison, drugs, burns, neonate, CNS, behavioral, and other
standard operating procedures for the occurrence of unplanned
emergency health data that may affect the EMS system. This
events, and appropriate training for PIOs or others assuming
includes prehospital, hospital, and rehabilitation data.
that role. The PIO’s responsibility may include, but not be
9.2.7 Risk Variables (Possible Public Health Hazards and
limited to the news media concerning the nature and extent of
Possible Dangers in Particular Area or System)—These in-
an incident and emergency medical care, for planned or
clude insufficient medical facilities, cultural, occupational,
unplanned events.
criminal, recreational, transportation, system maturity (ALS
versus BLS capabilities), weather, sanitation, disease, and
8. Identify Resources and Funding
geographic considerations (rivers, mountains).
9.2.8 Media Resources—These include type (radio, TV,
8.1 A successful PIER pro
...

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1.1 This practice covers a standard course for the training of the Emergency Medical Technician which will prepare a person to perform those skills commonly required to render lifesaving aid at the scene of an emergency and during transportation to a definitive care facility.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is for those responsible for the development and implementation of training and evaluation programs for first responders (FRs).  
4.2 At the beginning of the program, students shall be informed of the course objectives and requirements for successful completion.  
4.3 This guide is not intended for use as a training guide for emergency ambulance personnel.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the minimum training standards for First Responders (FRs) who may be responsible for the initial care of sick and injured persons of all ages in the prehospital environment.  
1.2 The scope of training will be in accordance with Guide F1287.  
1.3 Included in this guide is a standard for knowledge and skill evaluation.  
1.4 This guide does not suggest a particular training sequence.  
1.5 Operating within the framework of this guide may expose emergency medical service personnel to hazardous materials, procedures and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see the documents cited in 2.2.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F1287-90(2020)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Scope of Performance of First Responders Who Provide Emergency Medical Care

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to improve the quality of initial emergency medical care provided to the sick and injured. As the first trained person at an emergency medical scene, it is critical that the first responder be proficient in providing patient care and minimizing further complications until more highly trained emergency medical service personnel intervene.  
4.2 In identifying these minima, the guide acknowledges many types of first responder emergency medical care courses of study. This guide allows and encourages the addition of optional knowledge, skill, and attitudinal objectives. Programs such as those for law enforcement, firefighters, and ski patrol are examples of this diversity meeting specific local community needs.  
4.3 This guide is intended to assist those who are responsible for defining the scope of performance for first responders.  
4.4 This guide is not  intended to be used as a scope of performance for emergency ambulance personnel (see Practice F1031).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scope of performance of first responders who may be responsible for the initial care of sick and injured persons of all ages in the prehospital environment.  
1.2 This guide includes objectives based on an individual's acquired knowledge, including signs and symptoms; patient assessment; basic life support/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BLS/CPR); bleeding and shock; injuries to the skull, spine, chest, abdomen, and extremities; moving patients; medical and environmental emergencies; triage; gaining access; and hazardous situations that the first responder may encounter.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F1654-95(2020)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Training and Evaluation of Individuals Who Are Responsible for or Perform Triage in a Prehospital Environment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use by those responsible for the development and implementation of training programs, that include competency evaluation, for triage in the prehospital environment.  
4.2 This guide is not intended to be used by itself, but as a component of Guide F1288.  
4.3 This guide acknowledges many types of individuals with varying levels of emergency medical training. It also establishes a minimum training standard and encourages the addition of optional knowledge, skill, and attitudinal objectives.  
4.4 A vital role in the development and operational application of triage is that of medical control. This guide should be used by medical directors in the determination of operational and medical protocols for use during MCIs and coordinated with those who are responsible for training.  
4.5 At the beginning of the program, students shall be informed of the course objectives and requirements for successful completion.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the training and evaluation of individuals who perform triage at an emergency medical incident involving multiple casualties in a prehospital environment.  
1.2 All training will be in accordance with Guide F1653.  
1.3 Included in this guide is a standard for knowledge and skill evaluation.  
1.4 Operating within the framework of this guide may expose personnel to hazardous materials, procedures, and equipment. For additional information see Practice F1031 and Guides F1219, F1253, F1285, F1288, F1453, and F1489.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see the document cited in Footnote 3.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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