ASTM D6067/D6067M-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site Characterization and Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity
Standard Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site Characterization and Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Environmental site characterization projects almost always require information regarding subsurface soil stratigraphy and hydraulic parameters related to groundwater flow rate and direction. Soil stratigraphy often is determined by various drilling procedures and interpreting the data collected on borehole logs. The electronic piezocone penetrometer test is another means of determining soil stratigraphy that may be faster, less expensive, and provide greater resolution of the soil units than conventional drilling and sampling methods. For environmental site characterization applications, the electronic piezocone also has the additional advantage of not generating contaminated cuttings that may present other disposal problems (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). Investigators may obtain soil samples from adjacent borings for correlation purposes, but prior information or experience in the same area may preclude the need for borings (11). Most cone penetrometer rigs are equipped with direct push soil samplers (Guide D6282/D6282M) that can be used to confirm soil types.
4.2 The electronic piezocone penetration test is an in situ investigation method involving:
4.2.1 Pushing an electronically instrumented probe into the ground (see Fig. 1 for a diagram of a typical cone penetrometer). The position of the pore pressure element may vary but is typically located in the u2 position, as shown in Fig. 1 (Test Method D5778).
4.2.3.3 Robertson proposed the following equations estimating k from Ic and shown on Fig. 4 (11). These equations are used for some cone penetration testing commercial software for estimates of k based on normalized soil behavior type. However, as shown on Tables 1 and 2, the values estimated from Ic are not very accurate for example, the estimated k value may range over two orders of magnitude.
FIG. 4 Proposed Relationship Between Ic and Normalized Soil Behavior Type and Estimated Soil Permeability, k (Robertson (1))
4.3 When attempting to re...
SCOPE
1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to determine subsurface stratigraphy for geotechnical and environmental site characterization purposes (1).2 The geotechnical application of the electronic cone penetrometer test is discussed in detail in Test Method D5778, however, the use of the electronic cone penetrometer test in environmental site characterization applications involves further considerations that are not discussed. For environmental site characterization, it is highly recommended to use the Piezocone (PCPT or CPTu) option in Test Method D5778 so information on hydraulic conductivity and aquifer hydrostatic pressures can be evaluated.
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to discuss aspects of the electronic cone penetrometer test that need to be considered when performing tests for environmental site characterization purposes.
1.3 The electronic cone penetrometer test for environmental site characterization projects often requires steam cleaning the push rods and grouting the hole. There are numerous ways of cleaning and grouting depending on the scope of the project, local regulations, and corporate preferences. It is beyond the scope of this practice to discuss all of these methods in detail. A detailed explanation of grouting procedures is discussed in Guide D6001.
1.4 Cone penetrometer tests are often used to locate aquifer zones for installation of wells (Practice D5092/D5092M, Guide D6274). The cone test may be combined with direct push soil sampling for confirming soil types (Guide D6282/D6282M). Direct push hydraulic injection profiling (Practice D8037/D8037M) is another complementary test for estimating hydraulic conductivity and direct push slug tests (D7242/D7242M) and used for confirming estimates. Cone penetrometers can be equipped with additional sensors for groundwater quality evaluations (Practice D6187). Location of other sensors must conform to requirements of Test Meth...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6067/D6067M − 17
Standard Practice for
Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for
Environmental Site Characterization and Estimation of
1
Hydraulic Conductivity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6067/D6067M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D7242M) and used for confirming estimates. Cone penetrom-
eters can be equipped with additional sensors for groundwater
1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to
qualityevaluations(PracticeD6187).Locationofothersensors
determine subsurface stratigraphy for geotechnical and envi-
2 must conform to requirements of Test Method D5778.
ronmentalsitecharacterizationpurposes (1). Thegeotechnical
application of the electronic cone penetrometer test is dis- 1.5 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical
cussed in detail inTest Method D5778, however, the use of the (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern and is not
electronic cone penetrometer test in environmental site char- intended for use at radioactive or mixed (chemical and radio-
acterization applications involves further considerations that active) waste sites due to specialized monitoring requirements
are not discussed. For environmental site characterization, it is of drilling equipment.
highly recommended to use the Piezocone (PCPT or CPTu)
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or in-lb units
option in Test Method D5778 so information on hydraulic
(presented in brackets) are to be regarded separately as
conductivity and aquifer hydrostatic pressures can be evalu-
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
ated.
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to discuss aspects of the of the other. Units for conductivity are either m/s or cm/s
electronic cone penetrometer test that need to be considered depending on the sources cited.
when performing tests for environmental site characterization
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
purposes.
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
1.3 The electronic cone penetrometer test for environmental Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
site characterization projects often requires steam cleaning the
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
push rods and grouting the hole. There are numerous ways of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cleaning and grouting depending on the scope of the project,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
local regulations, and corporate preferences. It is beyond the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
scope of this practice to discuss all of these methods in detail.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
A detailed explanation of grouting procedures is discussed in
1.9 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
Guide D6001.
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
1.4 Cone penetrometer tests are often used to locate aquifer
with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may
zones for installation of wells (Practice D5092/D5092M,
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
Guide D6274). The cone test may be combined with direct
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
push soil sampling for confirming soil types (Guide D6282/
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
D6282M). Direct push hydraulic injection profiling (Practice
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
D8037/D8037M) is another complementary test for estimating
a project’s many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the
hydraulic conductivity and direct push slug tests (D7242/
title means only that the document has been approved through
the ASTM consensus process.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published February 2018. Originally
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
approved in
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6067 − 10 D6067/D6067M − 17
Standard Practice for
Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for
Environmental Site Characterization and Estimation of
1
Hydraulic Conductivity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6067;D6067/D6067M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to determine subsurface stratigraphy for geotechnical and environmental
2
site characterization purposes (1). The geotechnical application of the electronic cone penetrometer test is discussed in detail in
Test Method D5778, however, the use of the electronic cone penetrometer test in environmental site characterization applications
involves further considerations that are not discussed. For environmental site characterization, it is highly recommended to use the
Piezocone (PCPT or CPTu) option in Test Method D5778 so information on hydraulic conductivity and aquifer hydrostatic
pressures can be evaluated.
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to discuss aspects of the electronic cone penetrometer test that need to be considered when
performing tests for environmental site characterization purposes.
1.3 The electronic cone penetrometer test for environmental site characterization projects often requires steam cleaning the push
rods and grouting the hole. There are numerous ways of cleaning and grouting depending on the scope of the project, local
regulations, and corporate preferences. It is beyond the scope of this practice to discuss all of these methods in detail. A detailed
explanation of grouting procedures is discussed in Guide D6001.
1.4 The electronic cone penetrometer may be be combined with other direct push sampling and testingCone penetrometer tests
are often used to locate aquifer zones for installation of wells (Practice D5092/D5092Mmethods. Estimated, Guide D6274soil
types can be confirmed by soil sampling (Guide). The cone test may be combined with direct D6282). Cone penetrometer tests
are often used topush soil sampling for confirming soil types (Guide D6282/D6282Mlocate aquifers for installation of wells).
Direct push hydraulic injection profiling (Practice D5092D8037/D8037M, Guide) is D6274). another complementary test for
estimating hydraulic conductivity and direct push slug tests (D7242/D7242M) and used for confirming estimates. Cone
penetrometers can be equipped with additional sensors for groundwater quality evaluations (Practice D6187). Location of other
sensors must conform to requirements of Test Method D5778.
1.5 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern and is not intended
for use at radioactive or mixed (chemical and radioactive) waste sites.sites due to specialized monitoring requirements of drilling
equipment.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or in-lb units (presented in brackets) are to be regarded as standard. No other
units of measurement are included in this standard.separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Units for conductivity are either m/s or cm/s
depending on the sources cited.
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 15, 2017. Published June 2010February 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 as
D6067–96(2003)D6067–10. DOI: 10.1520/D6067-10. 10.1520/D6067_D6067M-17.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this guide.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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