ASTM C35-01(2005)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Inorganic Aggregates for Use in Gypsum Plaster
Standard Specification for Inorganic Aggregates for Use in Gypsum Plaster
ABSTRACT
This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates. The materials shall conform to the chemical composition, grading, and density requirements covered in this specification. The materials shall be tested for sieve analysis, density of lightweight aggregate, and water soluble impurities of sand.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
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Designation: C 35 – 01 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
Inorganic Aggregates for Use in Gypsum Plaster
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 35;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural 3.1 Definitions shall be in accordance with Terminology
and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates. C11.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3.2.1 manufactured sand, n—the fine material resulting
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only fromthecrushingandclassificationbyscreening,orotherwise,
and are not considered standard. of rock, gravel, or blast furnace slag.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.2 natural sand, n—the fine granular material resulting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the from the natural disintegration of rock or from the crushing of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- friable sandstone.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.3 perlite aggregate, n—a siliceous volcanic glass ex-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. panded by heat.
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and 3.2.4 vermiculite aggregate, n—a micaceous mineral ex-
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and panded by heat.
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
4. Chemical Composition
considered as requirements of the specification.
4.1 Water-soluble impurities in sand shall not exceed 0.15
2. Referenced Documents
weight % and sodium ion content shall not exceed 0.02 weight
2.1 ASTM Standards: % when tested in accordance with Section 7.
C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Build- 4.2 Sand shall develop a color no darker than the standard,
ing Materials and Systems whensubjectedtothecolorimetrictestfororganicimpuritiesin
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (Unit Weight) accordance with Test MethodC40, unless it is established by
and Voids in Aggregate adequate tests that the impurities causing the color are not
C40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggre- harmful in plaster.
gates for Concrete
5. Mechanical Requirements
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
5.1 Grading—Shall be as follows when tested in accor-
Aggregates
C 471M Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum dance with Section 7:
5.1.1 Perlite and vermiculite shall be graded within the
and Gypsum Products
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates limits specified in Table 1.
5.1.2 Natural and Manufactured Sand—Shall be graded
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing
Purposes withnotmorethan50 %retainedbetweenanytwoconsecutive
sieves shown in Table 1, nor more than 25 % between the No.
50 (300 µm) and No. 100 (150 µm) sieves.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C11 on
5.2 Density:
GypsumandRelatedBuildingMaterialsandSystemsandisthedirectresponsibility
5.2.1 Perlite shall have a density of not less than 6 nor more
of Subcommittee C11.02 on Specifications and Test Methods for Accessories and
3 3
Related Products.
than 12 lb/ft (96 to 192 kg/m ) when tested in accordance with
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
Test Method C 29/C 29M using the shoveling procedure.
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 35 – 01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 35 – 01 (2005)
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements
graduate without tamping or shaking. Level the surface with a
Percentage Retained on Each Sieve, Cumulative spatula and read the volume to within 62 mL.
7.3.2 Express the volumes of the individual sieve fractions
Perlite, Vermiculite, Sand,
Sieve Size
by volume by volume by weight
as percentages of the sum of the volumes of all fractions.
Max Min Max Min Max Min 7.3.3 Calculate the cumulative percentages on each desig-
nated sieve by summing the individual percentages of all
No. 4 (4.75-mm) 0 . 0 . 0 .
No. 8 (2.36-mm) 5 0 10 0 5 0
fractions larger than that sieve.
No. 16 (1.18-mm) 60 5 75 40 30 5
7.4 Density of Lightweight Aggregate— Test Method C 29/
No. 30 (600-µm) 95 45 95 65 65 30
C 29M; use shoveling procedure.
No. 50 (300-µm) 98 75 98 75 95 65
No. 100 (150-µm) 100 85 100 90 100 90
7.5 Water Soluble Impurities of Sand:
No. 200 (15-µm) 100 95
7.5.1 Significance and Use—Impurities can affect the set-
ting properties, strength, and bond performance of gypsum
plaster. These procedures determine the water soluble impuri-
ties of the sand being evaluated.
5.2.2 Vermiculite shall have a density of not less than 6 nor
3 3 7.5.2 Apparatus:
morethan10lb/ft (96to160kg/m )whentestedinaccordance
7.5.2.1 Analytical Balance, with a precision of 0.0001 g.
with Test Method C 29/C 29M using the shoveling procedure.
7.5.2.2 Balance, capable of weighing at least 10 g to a
precision of 0.1 g.
6. Sampling
7.5.2.3 Desiccator, containing calcium chloride or equiva-
6.1 Apparatus—Suitable thief tube.
lent desiccant.
6.2 Bulk Aggregate—Obtain specimens of sand in accor-
7.5.2.4 Drying Oven, capable of being controlled to 250°F
dance with PracticeD75.
(121°C).
6.3 Bagged Aggregate—Obtain from 1 bag randomly se-
7.5.2.5 Filter Paper—A “fast” filter paper shall be used.
lected from each 100 bags but not less than 6 bags from the
7.5.2.6 Atomic Absorption or Ion Chromatography Equip-
shipment. For smaller shipments, not less than 6 % of the
ment.
number of bags shall constitute the sample.
7.5.2.7 Mechanical Shaker.
6.3.1 Secure specimens by inserting a suitable thief tube the
7.5.3 Procedure (Water Soluble Impurities):
full distance between diagonally opposite corners of the bag
7.5.3.1 Weigh approximately 10 g of air-dried sand and
with the bag lying in a horizontal position. Combine the
record the weight to 0.1 g. Transfer to a 250-mL beaker. Add
portions to produce a composite specimen having a volume not
100 mLof distilled water. Heat to boiling and allow to simmer
3 3
less than 1 ft (0.028 m ). Prepare and test not less than 1
on a hot plate for 5 min. Filter through a fast pa
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C35–01 Designation: C 35 – 01 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
Inorganic Aggregates for Use in Gypsum Plaster
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 35;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope *
1.1 This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information purposes only.
1.2
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4The1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate Test Method for Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and Voids in
Aggregate
C40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C 471M Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions shall be in accordance with Terminology C 11.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 manufactured sand, n—the fine material resulting from the crushing and classification by screening, or otherwise, of rock,
gravel, or blast furnace slag.
3.2.2 natural sand, n—the fine granular material resulting from the natural disintegration of rock or from the crushing of friable
sandstone.
3.2.3 perlite aggregate, n—a siliceous volcanic glass expanded by heat.
3.2.4 vermiculite aggregate, n—a micaceous mineral expanded by heat.
4. Chemical Composition
4.1 Water-soluble impurities in sand shall not exceed 0.15 weight % and sodium ion content shall not exceed 0.02 weight %
when tested in accordance with Section 7.
4.2 Sand shall develop a color no darker than the standard, when subjected to the colorimetric test for organic impurities in
accordance with Test Method C 40, unless it is established by adequate tests that the impurities causing the color are not harmful
in plaster.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C11 on Ceiling and Walls and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee on Gypsum and Related
Building Materials and Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C11.02 on Specifications and Test Methods for Accessories and Related Products.
Current edition approved May 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally published as C35-21 T. Last previous edition C35–95 (2000).
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 35 – 01.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 35 – 01 (2005)
5. Mechanical Requirements
5.1 Grading—Shall be as follows when tested in accordance with Section 7. :
5.1.1 Perlite and vermiculite shall be graded within the limits specified in Table 1.
5.1.2 Natural and Manufactured Sand— Shall be graded with not more than 50 % retained between any two consecutive sieves
shown in Table 1, nor more than 25 % between the No. 50 (300 µm) and No. 100 (150 µm) sieves.
5.2 Density:
3 3
5.2.1 Perlite shall have a density of not less than 6 nor more than 12 lb/ft (96 to 192 kg/m ) when tested in accordance with
Test Method C 29/C 29M/C29M using the shoveling procedure.
3 3
5.2.2 Vermiculite shall have a density of not less than 6 nor more than 10 lb/ft (96 to 160 kg/m ) when tested in accordance
with Test Method C 29/C 29M/C29M using the shoveling procedure.
6. Sampling
6.1 Apparatus—Suitable thief tube.
6.2 Bulk Aggregate—Obtain specimens of sand in accordance with Practice D 75.
6.3 Bagged Aggregate—Obtain from one1 bag randomly selected from each 100 bags but not less than 6 bags from the
shipment. For smaller shipments, not less than 6 % of the number of bags shall constitute the sample.
6.3.1 Secure specimens by inserting a suitable thief tube the full distance between diagonally opposite corners of the bag with
the bag lying in a horizontal position. Combine the portions to produce a composite specimen having a volume not less than 1
3 3
ft (0.028 m ). Prepare and test not less than one1 composite specimen separately for each 2000 bags of aggregate.
6.4 Reduce specimens obtained in accordance with 6.2 or 6.3 by quartering or riffling to obtain specimens of proper size for
individual tests.
7. Test Methods
7.1 Apparatus:
7.1.1 Sieve—Specification E 11, Nos. 4, 8, 16, 30, 50, 100, 200 (4.75, 2.36, 1.18 mm, 600 µm, 300 µm, 150 µm, 15 µm).
7.1.2 Graduated 250 mL Cylinder .
7.1.3 250 mL Beaker.
7.1.4 Tared Evaporating Dish.
7.1.5 Fast Paper Filter.
7.1.6 100 mL Volumetric Flask.
7.1.7 Deionized Water.
7.1.8 Spatula.
7.1.9 Weighing Scale.
7.1.10 Oven.
7.1.11 Desiccator.
7.1.12 Mechanical Shaker.
7.1.13 500 mL Graduated Cylinder .
7.2 Sieve Analysis for Sand—Use Test Method C 136.
7.3 Sieve Analysis for Perlite or Vermiculite—Use Test Method C 136 except as modified as follows. follows:
7.3.1 Use a specimen of 500 mL bulk volume.
7.3.1.1 Measure the volume of each sieve fraction in a 250 mLgraduated cylinder. Pour the specimen loosely into the graduate
without tamping or shaking. Level the surface with a spatula and read the volume to within 62 mL.
7.3.2 Express the volumes of the individual sieve fractions as percentages of the sum of the volumes of all fractions.
7.3.3 Calculate the cumulative percentages on each designated sieve by summing the individual percentages of all fractions
larger than that sieve.
7.4 Density of Lightweight Aggregate— Test Method C29/C29M; Use shoveling procedure. — Test Method C 29/C 29M; use
shoveling procedure.
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements
Percentage Retained on Each Sieve, Cumulative
Perlite, Vermiculite, Sand,
Sieve Size
by volume by volume by weight
Max Min Max Min Max Min
No. 4 (4.75-mm) 0 . 0 . 0 .
No. 8 (2.36-mm) 5 0 10 0 5 0
No. 16 (1.18-mm) 60 5 75 40 30 5
No. 30 (600-µm) 95 45 95 65 65 30
No. 50 (300-µm) 98 75 98 75 95 65
No. 100 (150-µm) 100 85 100 90 100 90
No. 200 (15-µm) 100 95
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