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ASTM B868-96(2013)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Contact Performance Classification of Electrical Connection Systems (Withdrawn 2017)

Standard Practice for Contact Performance Classification of Electrical Connection Systems (Withdrawn 2017)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is based on the use of electrical resistance as an indicator of contact performance.  
5.2 Existing standards, such as those referenced in Section 2 as representative examples, provide the basis for applied test conditions. Modifications in procedure or sample size, or both, of existing standards may have to be made to provide for resistance measurement and to meet variability index requirements that a user may specify.  
5.3 This practice accommodates the use of multiple test methods, as may be required to assure satisfactory performance in a given application.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a uniform method of specifying performance requirements for (or reporting test results of) electrical contact and connection systems. Both conductor and connector system performance may be specified by this practice, separately or in combination.  
1.2 This practice may be used for separable or permanent contacts employing metallic conductors and contacts.  
1.3 This practice provides methods for both signal and power applications.  
1.4 This practice does not specify the sample preparation or test sequences required for determining contact performance. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to determine the applied test sequence(s) appropriate for the application.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice provides a uniform method of specifying performance requirements for (or reporting test results of) electrical contact and connection systems. Both conductor and connector system performance may be specified by this practice, separately or in combination.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys this practice was withdrawn April 2017 and replaced by Practice B1004 for Contact Performance Classification of Electrical Connection Systems.1

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
30-Sep-2013
ICS
29.120.20 - Connecting devices
Technical Committee
B02 - Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
Drafting Committee
B02.05 - Precious Metals and Electrical Contact Materials and Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM B868-96(2013) - Standard Practice for Contact Performance Classification of Electrical Connection Systems (Withdrawn 2017)ASTM B868-96(2013) - Standard Practice for Contact Performance Classification of Electrical Connection Systems (Withdrawn 2017)
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ASTM B868-96(2013) - Standard Practice for Contact Performance Classification of Electrical Connection Systems (Withdrawn 2017)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B868 −96 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Practice for
Contact Performance Classification of Electrical Connection
1
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B542Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts andTheir
Use
1.1 This practice provides a uniform method of specifying
B812Test Method for Resistance to Environmental Degra-
performance requirements for (or reporting test results of)
dation of Electrical Pressure Connections Involving Alu-
electrical contact and connection systems. Both conductor and
minum and Intended for Residential Applications
connector system performance may be specified by this
2.2 UL Standard:
practice, separately or in combination.
UL 486B Wire Connectors for Use with Aluminum
1.2 This practice may be used for separable or permanent
3
Conductors, Third Edition, 1991
contacts employing metallic conductors and contacts.
3. Terminology
1.3 This practice provides methods for both signal and
power applications.
3.1 Terms used in this practice are defined in Terminology
B542 except as noted in 3.2.
1.4 This practice does not specify the sample preparation or
testsequencesrequiredfordeterminingcontactperformance.It
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
istheresponsibilityoftheuserofthispracticetodeterminethe
3.2.1 conductor, n—electrically conductive member carry-
applied test sequence(s) appropriate for the application.
ingcurrenttoacontactinterface.Examplesarewireandcable,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the busbar, and conductive paths on an etched printed circuit
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the board.
responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar
3.2.2 contact performance, n—contact interface behavior as
with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate
indicated by initial electrical resistance and resistance change
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material
under the applied test conditions.
as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate
safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of
4. Summary of Practice
regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The prescribed performance specification (or reporting)
statement consists of three sections, as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.1 Performance Classification, in accordance with this
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
practice (Section 6).
B539Test Methods for Measuring Resistance of Electrical
4.1.2 Variability Index, determined by sample size and
Connections (Static Contacts)
distribution of resistance values measured at end of test, in
accordance with this practice (Section 7).
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous
4.1.3 Statement of test method employed to determine
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.11 on
performance classification.
Electrical Contact Test Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
4.2 The format for the performance specification (or report-
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B868–96 (2008).
ing) statement is as follows:
DOI: 10.1520/B0868-96R13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,
the ASTM website. Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B868−96 (2013)
equaltothatofasolidcircularconductor1.95mmindiameter,
and therefore D in the equation in 6.2.1 is 1.95 mm.
6.2.3 For contacts incorporating or connecting conductors
of different materials or cross section, or both, the R value
d
used for contact performance determination shall be based on
the conductor of minimum resistance per unit length.
6.2.4 For contacts involving a connector, the conductor
material and cross section used for determination of the R
d
value to be used shall be the wire, busbar, circuit board
conductive strip, or other, as appropriate for the rating or
representative application of the connector.The conductor size
may be determined according to the connector manufacturer’s
specification, current rating, or conventional application prac-
5. Significance and Use
tice.
6.
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The principal underlying the test is the sensitivity of the electrical contact interface to temperature and humidity cycling that electrical pressure connection systems experience as a result of usage and installation environment. The temperature cycling may cause micromotion at the mating electrical contact surfaces which can expose fresh metal to the local ambient atmosphere. The humidity exposure is known to facilitate corrosion on freshly exposed metal surfaces. Thus, for those connection systems that do not maintain stable metal-to-metal contact surfaces under the condition of thermal cycling and humidity exposure, repeated sequences of these exposures lead to degradation of the contacting surface indicated by potential drop increase.  
5.2 The test is of short duration relative to the expected life of connections in residential usage. Stability of connection resistance implies resistance to deterioration due to environmental conditions encountered in residential service. Increasing connection resistance as a result of the test exposure indicates deterioration of electrical contact interfaces. Assurance of long term reliability and safety of connection types that deteriorate requires further evaluation for specific specified environments and applications.  
5.3 Use—It is recommended that this test method be used in one of two ways. First, it may be used to evaluate and report the performance of a particular connection system. For such use, it is appropriate to report the results in a summary (or tabular) format such as shown in Section 17, together with the statement “The results shown in the summary (or table) were obtained for (insert description of connection) when tested in accordance with Test Method B812. Second, it may be used as the basis for specification of acceptability of product. For this use, the minimum test time and the maximum allowable increase in potential drop must be established by the specifier. Specification of connection systems in...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers all residential pressure connection systems. Detailed examples of application to specific types of connection systems, set-screw neutral bus connectors and twist-on wire-splicing connectors, are provided in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.  
1.2 The purpose of this test method is to evaluate the performance of residential electrical pressure connection systems under conditions of cyclic temperature change (within rating) and high humidity.  
1.3 The limitations of the test method are as follows:  
1.3.1 This test method shall not be considered to confirm a specific lifetime in application environments.  
1.3.2 The applicability of this test method is limited to pressure connection systems rated at or below 600 V d-c or a-c RMS.  
1.3.3 This test method is limited to temperature and water vapor exposure in addition to electrical current as required to measure connection resistance.  
1.3.4 This test method does not evaluate degradation which may occur in residential applications due to exposure of the electrical connection system to additional environmental constituents such as (but not limited to) the following examples:
1.3.4.1 Household chemicals (liquid or gaseous) such as ammonia, bleach, or other cleaning agents.
1.3.4.2 Chemicals as may occur due to normal hobby or professional activities such as photography, painting, sculpture, or similar activities.
1.3.4.3 Environments encountered during construction or remodeling such as direct exposure to rain, uncured wet concrete, welding or soldering fluxes and other agents.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As stated in Terminology B542, contact resistance is comprised of a constriction resistance and a film resistance. When present, the latter of these is usually much greater in value and dominates the contact resistance. For a given contact spot, when the film resistance is zero or negligible the contact resistance for that spot is nearly the same as the constriction resistance and therefore, as a practical matter, has a minimum value which represents a clean metal-to-metal contact spot. As real contact surfaces exhibit varying degrees of roughness, real contacts are necessarily composed of many contact spots which are electrically parallel. In practical cases the clean metal-to-metal contact spots will carry most of the current and the total contact resistance is primarily dependent on the size and number of metallic contact spots present (see Note 1). In addition, acceptably low values of contact resistance are often obtained with true areas of contact being significantly less than the apparent contact area. This is the result of having a large number of small contact spots spread out over a relatively large apparent contact area.
Note 1: The term metallic contact as used here is intended to include the so called quasi-metallic contact spots as well. The latter case was discussed in Electric Contacts by Holm. 3  
5.2 The practical evaluation and comparison of electrical connections depend in large part on their contact resistance characteristics. On the one hand, the absolute value of contact resistance is greatly dependent on the size and distribution of the metallic conducting spots within the apparent area of load-bearing contact. On the other hand, a comparison of the initial resistance to the resistance after aging indicates how stable the system is in maintaining the initial contact area. Both of these characteristics should be considered when evaluating contact systems. The criteria employed in evaluating contact resistance and stability are not a par...
SCOPE
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal deflection rate of spiral and helical coils of thermostat metal.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off