ASTM B389-81(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Deflection Rate of Spiral and Helical Coils of Thermostat Metal
Standard Test Method for Thermal Deflection Rate of Spiral and Helical Coils of Thermostat Metal
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates, to a practical degree, the operation of the thermostat metal coil.
5.2 The thermal deflection properties of a coil may vary from lot-to-lot of thermostat metal material. This method is useful for determining the optimum thickness and length of the material for a given deflection specification.
5.3 This method is useful as a quality test to determine acceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal deflection rate of spiral and helical coils of thermostat metal.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Designation:B389 −81(Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Deflection Rate of Spiral and Helical Coils of
Thermostat Metal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D=(A −A )/(T −T ) where A and A are angular positions
2 1 2 1 2 1
at temperature T and T respectively.
2 1
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthethermal
3.3 spiral coil, n—a part made by winding strip on itself.
deflection rate of spiral and helical coils of thermostat metal.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show typical spiral coils, which can be wound
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
with the low-expansive side inside or outside, mounted on the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
specimen holder.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.4 helical coil, n—a part made by winding strip in a form
and are not considered standard.
wherein the plane of the width of the strip is parallel to the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
axial length. Fig. 3 shows a typical helical coil, which can be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
wound with the low-expansive side inside or outside, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar
right-hand or left-hand, mounted on the specimen holder.
with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided
4. Summary of Test Method
by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health
4.1 The test for thermal deflection rate of spiral and helical
practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limi-
coils consists of measuring the angular rotation that a coil
tations prior to use.
undergoes in response to a known temperature change.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 This test method simulates, to a practical degree, the
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
operation of the thermostat metal coil.
mometers
5.2 The thermal deflection properties of a coil may vary
from lot-to-lot of thermostat metal material. This method is
3. Terminology
useful for determining the optimum thickness and length of the
3.1 thermostat metal, n—a composite material, usually in
material for a given deflection specification.
the form of sheet or strip, comprising two or more materials of
5.3 This method is useful as a quality test to determine
any appropriate nature, metallic or otherwise, that, by virtue of
acceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.
differing expansivities of the components, tends to alter its
curvature when its temperature is changed.
6. Apparatus
3.2 thermal deflection rate, n—the ratio of angular rotation
6.1 Temperature Bath—A stirred liquid bath or uniformly
to temperature change. It is a measure of the coil’s thermal
heated enclosure in which the specimen and mounting fixture
activity. It may have the units of angular degrees per degree
can be placed shall be used. An adjustable heating source is
Fahrenheit, or Celsius, and is expressed by the equation
desirable for maintaining the specimen at the desired tempera-
tures with a variation in temperature throughout the specimen
not to exceed 0.5°F (0.3°C).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on
6.2 Protractor—The angular position at each test tempera-
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B02.10 on Thermostat Metals and Electrical Resistance Heating Materials.
tureshallbemeasuredbyaprotractorwithaminimumdivision
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
of 0.5°.
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B389 – 81 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/B0389-81R16.
6.3 Temperature-Measuring Apparatus—The apparatus for
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
making temperature measurements shall be of such accuracy
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
that the individual temperatures shall be known to be within
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 60.5°F (60.3°C).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B389−81(2016)
can be affixed to the top end. The center line of the coil, the
transmission pointer, and the protractor shall coincide.
6.4.3 Deviations from these procedures of holding may be
necessary when simulating the mounting used in the device for
which the coil was designed, or in cases where coils are press
fitted on arbors. In these cases, the details of mounting should
be mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
6.5 Transmission Pointer:
6.5.1 Spiral Coils—To the outer end of the spiral coil shall
be attached a pointer that will transmit the rotation of the coil
so that it can be read on the protractor. The pointer shall be of
lightweight construction and attached to the coil by suitable
means so that the movement of these portions of the coil that
do not normally contribute to the movement of the coil with a
temperature change shall not influence the rotation of the
pointer. The pointer, when using the fixture shown in Fig. 1,
shall be so positioned that its tip shall ride slightly above the
divisions of the protractor, but shall not touch the protractor at
any time during the test. The pointer, when using the fixture
shown in Fig. 2, shall be of sufficient length so that the top may
protrude from the bath when the coil is submerged.The pointer
for either method, shall be so positioned that it will be in line
with the radius of the protractor and the specimen.
6.5.2 HelicalCoils—Tothefreeendofthehelicalcoilsshall
be attached a shaft that will transmit the rotation of the coil so
that it can be read on the protractor. The shaft can consist of a
wire or rod and shall be of lightweight construction. It shall be
attached to the coil by a suitable means so that the movement
FI
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B389 − 81 (Reapproved 2008) B389 − 81 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Deflection Rate of Spiral and Helical Coils of
Thermostat Metal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal deflection rate of spiral and helical coils of thermostat metal.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS)(SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices,
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 thermostat metal, n—a composite material, usually in the form of sheet or strip, comprising two or more materials of any
appropriate nature, metallic or otherwise, that, by virtue of differing expansivities of the components, tends to alter its curvature
when its temperature is changed.
3.2 thermal deflection rate, n—the ratio of angular rotation to temperature change. It is a measure of the coil’s thermal activity.
It may have the units of angular degrees per degree Fahrenheit, or Celsius, and is expressed by the equation D = (A − A )/
2 1
(T − T ) where A and A are angular positions at temperature T and T respectively.
2 1 2 1 2 1
3.3 spiral coil, n—a part made by winding strip on itself. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show typical spiral coils, which can be wound with
the low-expansive side inside or outside, mounted on the specimen holder.
3.4 helical coil, n—a part made by winding strip in a form wherein the plane of the width of the strip is parallel to the axial
length. Fig. 3 shows a typical helical coil, which can be wound with the low-expansive side inside or outside, and right-hand or
left-hand, mounted on the specimen holder.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test for thermal deflection rate of spiral and helical coils consists of measuring the angular rotation that a coil undergoes
in response to a known temperature change.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method simulates, to a practical degree, the operation of the thermostat metal coil.
5.2 The thermal deflection properties of a coil may vary from lot-to-lot of thermostat metal material. This method is useful for
determining the optimum thickness and length of the material for a given deflection specification.
5.3 This method is useful as a quality test to determine acceptance or rejection of a lot of thermostat metal coils.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.10 on
Thermostat Metals and Electrical Resistance Heating Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008May 1, 2016. Published November 2008May 2016. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20042008 as
B389 – 81 (2004).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/B0389-81R08.10.1520/B0389-81R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B389 − 81 (2016)
FIG. 1 Spiral Coil
6. Apparatus
6.1 Temperature Bath—A stirred liquid bath or uniformly heated enclosure in which the specimen and mounting fixture can be
placed shall be used. An adjustable heating source is desirable for maintaining the specimen at the desired temperatures with a
variation in temperature throughout the specimen not to exceed 0.5°F (0.3°C).
6.2 Protractor—The angular position at each test temperature shall be measured by a protractor with a minimum division of
0.5°.
6.3 Temperature-Measuring Apparatus—The apparatus for making temperature measurements shall be of such accuracy that the
individual temperatures shall be known to be within 60.5°F (60.3°C).
6.4 Specimen Holder—The preferred methods of holding spiral and helical coils are as follows:
6.4.1 Spiral Coils—The specimen holder for spiral coils shall provide means for securely holding the coil. Although other means
of support are possible, the holder or mounting arbor shall be preferably circular cross section whose diameter shall be as large
as possible without touching the inner turn of the coil under any conditions of test temperatures. The arbor shall be slotted across
its diameter and to a depth greater than the width of the specimen. The width of the slot shall be slightly narrower than the thickness
of the specimen so that the inner tab will be a push or snug fit in the slot. The edges of the slot shall be sharp where it intersects
the circumference of the arbor. The slot shall be so positioned in the arbor that the center of rotation of the coil and the center of
the arbor coincide.
6.4.2 Helical Coils—The specimen holder for helical coils shall provide means for securely holding the coil. Although other
means of support are possible, the coil shall be held with its axis in a vertical position, the bottom end of the coil secured and the
top end allowed to rotate freely with a temperature change. Preferably the end of the coil with the center tab shall be considered
the bottom and secured by clamping or press-fitting the tab into a slotted arbor similar to that described in 6.4.1 for spiral coils.
The depth of the slot shall be such that the full height of the tab shall be held. If the coils do not have a center tab, the arbor shall
contain provisions for attaching the coil with screws, rivets, or by welding. A transmission pointer can be
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