ASTM C647-95(2000)
(Guide)Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Each of the properties listed should be considered in selecting materials for specific projects. A list of the selected properties with limiting values assigned will form a part of the product specification.
All of the properties may not be pertinent in any specific situation, and all of the tests outlined may not be required. A condition to any specification must be an evaluation of the proposed use to determine which properties may be required.
Membrane reinforcements are frequently specified and used with mastics and coatings. Service properties of such systems of finishes may be different from the unreinforced finishes; therefore, it is essential to test specimens of the reinforced system.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies properties of mastics and coating finishes characterizing their performance as finishes for thermal insulation.
1.2 These properties relate to application and service. Each property is defined, and its significance and suggested test methods are described.
1.3 The properties appear in the following order in this guide. ParagraphApplication Properties6Consistency6.1Coverage6.2Build6.3Wet Flammability6.4Toxicity6.5Temperature and Humidity Range6.6Surface Wetting and Adhesion6.7Gap Filling and Bridging6.8Sizing and Sealing6.9Corrosion or Solvent Attack6.10Drying Time and Curing Time6.11Shrinkage6.12Storage Stability6.13Freeze-Thaw Stability6.14Service Properties7Specimen Preparation7.1Outdoor Durability7.2Environmental Resistance7.3Temperature Limits7.3.1Chemicals and Water Resistance7.3.2Mold and Mildew Resistance7.3.3Surface Flammability7.4Water-Vapor Transmission Rate7.5Adhesion7.6Damage Resistance7.7Impact Resistance7.7.1Abrasion Resistance7.7.2Stress Resistance7.8Flexure7.8.1Elongation7.8.2Color7.9Odor7.10Other Properties8
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C647–95(Reapproved 2000)
Standard Guide to
Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for
Thermal Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
1.1 This guide identifies properties of mastics and coating
information only.
finishes characterizing their performance as finishes for ther-
mal insulation.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 These properties relate to application and service. Each
2.1 ASTM Standards:
property is defined, and its significance and suggested test
C 419 Practice for Making and Curing Test Specimens of
methods are described.
Mastic Thermal Insulation Coatings
1.3 The properties appear in the following order in this
C 461 Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used with
guide.
Thermal Insulation
Paragraph
C 488 Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests
Application Properties 6
Consistency 6.1
of Finishes for Thermal Insulation
Coverage 6.2
C 639 Test Method for Rheological (Flow) Properties of
Build 6.3
Elastomeric Sealants
Wet Flammability 6.4
Toxicity 6.5
C 681 Test Method for Volatility of Oil- and Resin-Based,
Temperature and Humidity Range 6.6
Knife-Grade, Channel Glazing Compounds
Surface Wetting and Adhesion 6.7
C 733 Test Method for Volume Shrinkage of Latex Seal-
Gap Filling and Bridging 6.8
Sizing and Sealing 6.9
ants
Corrosion or Solvent Attack 6.10
C 755 PracticeforSelectionofVaporRetardersforThermal
Drying Time and Curing Time 6.11
Insulation
Shrinkage 6.12
Storage Stability 6.13
C 792 Test Method for Effects of Heat Aging on Weight
Freeze-Thaw Stability 6.14
Loss, Cracking, and Chalking of Elastomeric Sealants
Service Properties 7
D 36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-
Specimen Preparation 7.1
Outdoor Durability 7.2
and-Ball Apparatus)
Environmental Resistance 7.3
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
Temperature Limits 7.3.1
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Chemicals and Water Resistance 7.3.2
Mold and Mildew Resistance 7.3.3
Open Cup
Surface Flammability 7.4
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Water-Vapor Transmission Rate 7.5
Adhesion 7.6 Closed Cup Tester
Damage Resistance 7.7
D 529 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Bi-
Impact Resistance 7.7.1
tuminous Materials
Abrasion Resistance 7.7.2
D 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
Stress Resistance 7.8
Flexure 7.8.1
Chemical Reagents
Elongation 7.8.2
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the
Color 7.9
Odor 7.10 Stormer Viscometer
Other Properties 8
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on Insulation
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
Finishes and Moisture.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
published as C 647 – 69. Last previous edition C 647 – 89a.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C647–95 (2000)
D 658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic D 3361 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-Exposure
Coatings By Air Blast Abrasive Apparatus (Unfiltered Carbon-Arc Type) for Testing Paint,
D 747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products Using the Dew
6 7
Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam Cycle
D 790 TestMethodsforFlexuralPropertiesofUnreinforced D 3828 TestMethodsforFlashPointbySmallScaleClosed
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi- Tester
als D 4339 Test Method for Determination of the Odor of
D 822 Practice for Conducting Tests on Paint and Related Adhesives
Coatings and Materials Using Filtered Open-Flame E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
7 3
Carbon-Arc Exposure Apparatus Building Materials
D 903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe- E 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
8 2
sive Bonds rials
D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic E 162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
7 3
Coatings by Falling Abrasive Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
D 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of E 659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
7 14
Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus Chemicals
D 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Forma- G 21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic
7 15
tion of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature Polymeric Materials to Fungi
D 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments (Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color of Nonmetallic Materials
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D 1823 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols 3. Terminology
and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscom-
3.1 General Definitions:
eter
3.1.1 application properties—properties that influence or
D 1824 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols
affect the effective installation of finishes.
and Organosols at Low Shear Rates by Brookfield Vis-
3.1.2 coating—a liquid or semiliquid protective finish ca-
cometer
pable of application to thermal insulation or other surfaces,
D 1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
usually by brush or spray, in moderate thickness, 30 mils (0.76
D 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
mm).
Newtonian Materials By Rotational (Brookfield type)
3.1.3 mastic—a protective finish of relatively thick consis-
Viscometer
tency capable of application to thermal insulation or other
D 2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-
surfaces usually by spray or trowel, in thick coats greater than
Borne Coatings
30 mils (0.03 in.) (0.76 mm).
D 2354 Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Tem-
3.1.4 service properties—properties that govern perfor-
perature (MFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
mance of finishes after installation.
D 2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Re-
3.2 Specific Definitions—Terms specific to Sections 6 and 7
sistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
are defined as appropriate.
Tup (Falling Weight)
D 2453 Test Method for Shrinkage andTenacity of Oil- and
4. Significance and Use
Resin-Base Caulking Compounds
4.1 Each of the properties listed should be considered in
D 2485 Test Method for Evaluating Coatings for High
selecting materials for specific projects. A list of the selected
Temperature Service
properties with limiting values assigned will form a part of the
D 2507 Terminology of Rheological Properties of Gelled
product specification.
Rocket Propellants
4.2 All of the properties may not be pertinent in any specific
D 2939 Test Methods for Emulsified Bitumens Used as
situation, and all of the tests outlined may not be required. A
Protective Coatings
condition to any specification must be an evaluation of the
D 3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Toler-
proposed use to determine which properties may be required.
ances
4.3 Membrane reinforcements are frequently specified and
D 3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface
used with mastics and coatings. Service properties of such
Disfigurement of Paint Films by Microbial (Fungal or
systems of finishes may be different from the unreinforced
Algal) Growth or Soil and Dirt Accumulation
finishes; therefore, it is essential to test specimens of the
reinforced system.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
10 13
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
11 14
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
12 15
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
C647–95 (2000)
5. Classification of Mastics and Coatings flames, or personnel smoking. Such a fire could spread very
rapidly over freshly finished surfaces.
5.1 Vapor-Retarder Type—A finish intended for service on
6.4.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods D 56, D 92,
insulated units that are operated below ambient temperature at
D 93, D 1310, and D 3828.
least part of the time.
6.5 Toxicity:
NOTE 1—Practice C 755 may provide additional guidance.
6.5.1 Definition—harmful physiological response to vapor
5.1.1 Outdoor service.
inhalation or skin contact with finishes during application.
5.1.2 Indoor service.
6.5.2 Significance and Use—Finishes should not adversely
5.2 Vapor-Permeable Type—A finish intended for service
affect health of personnel making applications. Container
oninsulatedunitsthatareoperatedaboveambienttemperature.
labels must describe legally and adequately any health hazard
(See 7.6.2. Sometimes referred to as a “breather” finish.)
involved in using the product.
5.2.1 Outdoor service.
6.5.3 Technical Evaluation—Test as recommended by
5.2.2 Indoor service.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygien-
ists.
6. Application Properties
6.6 Temperature and Humidity Range (during application):
6.1 Consistency:
6.6.1 Definition—the limiting temperatures and relative hu-
6.1.1 Definition—the resistance of a non-Newtonian mate-
midities between which practical application of finish can be
rial to deformation or flow.
made without adverse effect on service properties.
6.6.2 Significance and Use—Application of finishes under
NOTE 2—Consistency is not a fundamental property but is made up of
viscosity, plasticity, and other rheological phenomena (see Terminology
extremes of atmospheric temperature or humidity, or both, can
D 2507). In non-Newtonian behavior, usual for mastics and coatings for
hinder or prevent attainment of necessary coverage and proper
thermal insulation, the ratio of shearing stress to the rate of shearing strain
cure, thus changing performance properties significantly. The
varies with the shearing stress.
temperature of the surface to which the finish is applied also
6.1.2 Significance and Use—Consistency determines must be considered.
whether a mastic or coating can be troweled, applied by gloved
6.6.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Method D 2354, and
hand, brushed, or sprayed. It has a direct effect on application
product application tests made at maximum and minimum
costs.
valuesoftemperatureandhumidityinstateddesignconditions.
6.1.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C 461, C 639,
6.7 Surface Wetting and Adhesion:
D 562, D 1823, D 1824, and D 2196.
6.7.1 Definition—the mutual affinity of the bonding be-
6.2 Coverage:
tween finish and the surface to which it is applied.
6.2.1 Definition—the measure of surface area in square feet
6.7.2 Significance and Use—Coatings and mastics must wet
2 2
per gallon (m /litre) (coatings) or gallons per 100 ft (mastics)
and bond readily to insulation surfaces without special treat-
at which finish must be applied to obtain specified dry
ments or application techniques, or both. Ease and cost of
thickness and desired performance.
application require good surface wetting and adhesion.
6.2.2 Significance and Use—The performance of finishes is
6.7.3 Technical Evaluation—Closely observe during finish
related directly to the optimum dry thickness. Therefore,
application under real or simulated field conditions.
performance properties must be defined in terms of optimum
6.8 Gap Filling and Bridging:
dry thickness, and this value must be established for applica-
6.8.1 Definition—the ability to bridge, fill, and level joints
tion purposes in terms of coverage. Coverage data are essential
and gaps in installed thermal insulation.
for estimating material quantities and costs.
6.8.2 Significance and Use—Joints and gaps exist in in-
6.2.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C 461.
stalled block and blanket insulation. If these are not filled or
6.3 Build:
bridged adequately, the protective value of the finish will be
6.3.1 Definition—the thickness to which a coating or mastic
impaired seriously.
finish can be applied without sagging, running, sliding, or
6.8.3 Technical Evaluation—Apply finish over insulation in
dripping.
6.3.2 Significance and Use—Finishes for thermal insulation real or simulated field conditions over typical joints and gaps.
Follow with destructive examination to determine effective-
must be capable of application on vertical or overhead surfaces
at specified coverage without subsequent reduction in thick- ness.
ness, caused by excessive flow or slump. Build also determines 6.9 Sizing and Sealing:
the number of coats required for optimum dry thickness.
6.9.1 Definition—the ability of a finish to resist excessive
6.3.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C 461.
absorption into porous insulation.
6.4 Wet Flammability (during application):
6.9.2 Significance and Use—Excessive penetration of fin-
6.4.1 Definition—the relative ease of ignition and conse-
ishes into insulation will affect adversely the performance of
quent fire hazard of a finish during application, as indicated by
the finish and the thermal conductivity of the insulation.
its flash point, fire point, and fuel contribution.
6.4.2 Significance and Use—Finishes that contain volatile
flammable solvent may ignite readily from a source such as
welding sparks and spatter, electrical short circuits, open ACGIH, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, OH 45202.
C647–95 (2000)
6.9.3 Technical Evaluation—Apply finish by film applicator 6.14.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C 461 for bitu-
simultaneously on insulation and on a nonporous surface.After minous materials, and Test Method D 2243 for other materials.
curing, measure the dry film thickness on the surfaces to
establish the difference due to absorption. 7. Service Properties
6.10 Corrosion or Solvent Attack:
7.1 Specimen Preparation for Testing— See Practice C 419.
6.10.1 Definition—harmful effect on metals or thermal in-
7.2 Outdoor Durability:
sulation from contact with finishes.
7.2.1 Definition—resistance of fini
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