ASTM D8027-16

Standard Practice for Concentration of Select Radionuclides Using MnO<inf>2</inf > for Measurement Purposes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is applicable to the separation of specific radionuclides of interest as part of overall radiochemical analytical methods. Radionuclides of interest may need to be quantified at activity levels of less than 1 Bq. This may require measurement of less than 1 fg of analyte in a sample which has a mass of a gram to more than several kilograms. This requires concentration of radionuclides into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclusion of species which would impede subsequent chemical separations, or both. MnO2 has shown good selectivity in being able to concentrate the following elements: actinium (Ac), bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), polonium (Po), plutonium (Pu), radium (Ra), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) as noted in the referenced literature (see Sections 4 and 8). The MnO2 can be loaded onto a variety of substrates in preparation for use or generated in-situ in an aqueous solution. The presented processes are not meant to be all encompassing of what is possible or meant to address all limitations of using MnO2. Some limitations are noted in Section 6, Interferences.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to provide a variety of approaches in which manganese oxide (MnO2) can be used to concentrate radionuclides of interest into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclude other species that would otherwise impede subsequent chemical separation steps in an overall radiochemical method, or both.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Feb-2016
• ICS: 17.240 - Radiation measurements
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.04 - Methods of Radiochemical Analysis

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D8027-17 - Standard Practice for Concentration of Select Radionuclides Using MnO<inf>2</inf > for Measurement Purposes
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8027 − 16
Standard Practice for
Concentration of Select Radionuclides Using MnO for
2
1
Measurement Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope 4.2 Published studies (1-5) have addressed in detail the
various manners in which hydrous manganese dioxides can be
1.1 This practice is intended to provide a variety of ap-
synthesized and the variety of crystal forms of hydrous
proaches in which manganese oxide (MnO ) can be used to
2
manganese dioxide that can result. The literature describes the
concentrate radionuclides of interest into a smaller volume
following general categories in which hydrous manganese
counting geometry or exclude other species that would other-
dioxide can be prepared.
wiseimpedesubsequentchemicalseparationstepsinanoverall
4.2.1 Guyard Reaction:
radiochemical method, or both.
21 1
3Mn 12MnO 12H O→5MnO 14H
2 2
4
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.2.2 By the reduction of permanganate with reducing
standard.
reagents such as hydrogen peroxide (H O ) or hydrogen
2 2
chloride (HCl).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2.3 By the oxidation of Mn(II) salt under alkaline condi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tions with oxidizing reagents such as potassium chlorate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(KClO ), H O , ozone (O ), or ammonium persulfate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3 2 2 3
((NH ) S O ).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4 2 2 8
4.3 The presented practices are not meant to address every
2. Referenced Documents
possible approach to the generation and use of MnO but are
2
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
meant to present some more typical practices that may be
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
generally useful.
D7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 This practice is applicable to the separation of specific
3.1 Definitions: radionuclides of interest as part of overall radiochemical
analytical methods. Radionuclides of interest may need to be
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
Terminologies D1129 and D7902. quantified at activity levels of less than 1 Bq. This may require
measurement of less than 1 fg of analyte in a sample which has
4. Summary of Practice
a mass of a gram to more than several kilograms.This requires
concentration of radionuclides into a smaller volume counting
4.1 These practices describe different processes through
geometry or exclusion of species which would impede subse-
which MnO can be used to concentrate specific radionuclides
2
quent chemical separations, or both. MnO has shown good
of interest into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclude
2
selectivity in being able to concentrate the following elements:
other species that would otherwise impede subsequent chemi-
actinium (Ac), bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), polonium (Po), pluto-
cal separation steps in an overall radiochemical method, or
nium (Pu), radium (Ra), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) as
both.
noted in the referenced literature (see Sections 4 and 8). The
MnO can be loaded onto a variety of substrates in preparation
2
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
for use or generated in-situ in an aqueous solution. The
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
presented processes are not meant to be all encompassing of
Analysis.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2016. Published May 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
what is possible or meant to address all limitations of using
D8027-16.
MnO . Some limitations are noted in Section 6, Interferences.
2
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
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D8027 − 16
6. Interferences 7.9 Sodium hydroxide, 0.01 M NaOH—Add 0.1 g NaOH to
250 mL water.
6.1 MnO is able to achieve a very good decontamination
2
factor from monovalent cations in solution as evidenced by 8.3
8. Procedure
be
...