ASTM D4395-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading Method
Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Results of this type of test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. The resulting in situ modulus is commonly less than the elastic modulus determined in the laboratory.
The modulus is determined using an elastic solution for a uniformly distributed load (uniform stress) over a circular area acting on a semi-infinite elastic medium.
This test method is normally performed at ambient temperature, but equipment can be modified or substituted for operations at other temperatures.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass using the flexible plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design load.
1.4 Time-dependent tests not covered by this standard can be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.5.1 The method used to specifiy how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.
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Designation: D4395 − 08
Standard Test Method for
Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass
1
Using Flexible Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus
Fluids
of deformation of a rock mass using the flexible plate loading
D2113Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
method.
Rock for Site Exploration
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modi-
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
fications it could be conducted at the surface.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or per-
D4394Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of
pendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the
Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading
design load.
Method
D4403Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
1.4 Time-dependent tests not covered by this standard can
D4879Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Under-
be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
ground Openings in Rock
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D5079Practices for Preserving andTransporting Rock Core
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Samples
Practice D6026.
D5434Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
1.5.1 The method used to specifiy how data are collected,
of Soil and Rock
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
Data
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
D6032Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designa-
standard is beyond its scope.
tion (RQD) of Rock Core
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Terminology D653.
and are not considered standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.7 Thereferencesappendedtothisstandardcontainfurther
3.2.1 deflection—movement of the plate, mortar pad, or
information on this test method.
rock in response to and in the same direction as the applied
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
load.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 flexible plate—theoretically, a plate having no stiff-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ness.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3 load—total force acting on the rock face.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precaution statements, see Section 8.
3.2.4 peak-to-peak modulus of deformation—the slope of
stress-strain curve line connecting the peaks of the curves
obtained from successive pressure cycles (see Fig. 1).
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
2
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2008.PublishedJuly2008.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4395–04. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D4395-08. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4395 − 08
4.2 A hydraulic loading system consisting of flatjacks,
reaction members, and associated hardware is constructed
betweenthetwofacesandamortarpadisplacedoneachface.
4.3 If deflection is to be measured within the rock mass,
installextensometerinstrumentsintherockinaccordancewith
Practice D4403.
4.4 The two faces are loaded and unloaded incrementally
and the deformations of the rock mass at the surfaces and, if
desired, within the rock, are measured after each increment.
The modu
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4395–04 Designation:D4395–08
Standard Test Method for
Determining the In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock
1
Mass Using the Flexible Plate Loading Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4395; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of
deformation of a rock mass using the flexible plate loading method.
1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications
it could be conducted at the surface.
1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design
load.
1.4 Time-dependent tests not covered by this standard can be performed but are to be reported in another standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D 6026.
1.5.1 The method used to specifiy how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard
is beyond its scope.
1.6The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 2113Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for
Site Investigation
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements forAgencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used
in Engineering Design and Construction
D 4394 TestMethodforDeterminingtheInSituModulusofDeformationofRockMassUsingtheRigidPlateLoadingMethod
D 4403 Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
D 4879 Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Underground Openings in Rock
D 5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples
D 5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D 6032 Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of Rock Core
3. Terminology
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved Jan.July 1, 2004.2008. Published February 2004.July 2008. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
D4395–84(1998). D 4395 – 04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4395–08
3.2.1 deflection—movement of the plate, mortar pad, or rock in response to and in the same direction as the applied load.
3.2.2 flexible plate—theoretically, a plate having no stiffness.
3.2.3 load—total force acting on the rock face.
3.2.4 peak-to-peak modulus of deformation—the slope of stress - strain curve line connecting the peaks of the curves obtained
from
...
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