ASTM D878-01e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates in Insulating Oils
Standard Test Method for Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates in Insulating Oils
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of inorganic chlorides and sulfates in electrical insulating oils.
Note 1—It should be pointed out that if the strong acids, hydrochloric and sulfuric, are present, they will give positive results for chlorides and sulfates, respectively.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D 878–01
Standard Test Method for
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Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates in Insulating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 5703 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b.
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e NOTE—Editorial changes were made in January 2002.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method describes the qualitative determination 5.1 Separatory Funnel, 250-mL and 500-mL capacity.
of inorganic chlorides and sulfates in electrical insulating oils. 5.2 Beakers, 250-mL capacity.
5.3 Test Tubes, 25-mL capacity.
NOTE 1—It should be pointed out that if the strong acids, hydrochloric
and sulfuric, are present, they will give positive results for chlorides and
6. Reagents
sulfates, respectively.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tests.Unlessotherwiseindicated,itisintendedthatallreagents
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Analytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society, where
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
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such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
2. Referenced Documents
the determination.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
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D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanreagentwaterconforming
to Specification D1193, Type I or Type II.
3. Summary of Test Method
6.3 Barium Chloride Solution (100 g/L)—Dissolve100gof
3.1 Water is used to extract inorganic chlorides and sulfates
barium chloride (BaCl ·2H O) in water and dilute to 1 L.
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from a test specimen of insulating oil. A portion of the water
6.4 n-Heptane.
layer is treated with nitric acid and silver nitrate to reveal a
6.5 Hydrochloric Acid (relative density 1.19)—
white precipitate if chloride is present. A second portion is
Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl).
treated with hydrochloric acid and barium chloride. A white
6.6 Nitric Acid (relative density 1.42)—Concentrated nitric
precipitate indicates the presence of sulfate.
acid (HNO ).
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6.7 Silver Nitrate Solution (100 g/L)—Dissolve 100 g of
4. Significance and Use
silver nitrate (AgNO ) in water and dilute to 1 L.
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4.1 Thepresenceofinorganicchloridesandsulfatesinoilin
contactwithmetalsurfacesinelectricalequipmentcanresultin
7. Procedure
corrosion of transformer components. The deterioration of
7.1 In a 250-mL separatory funnel, shake thoroughly 100
metal surfaces is dependent upon the quantity of the corrosive
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mL (100 cm ) of the oil test specimen with 75 mL of water at
agent and the operating environment. Although not quantita-
95°C. Allow to separate, then draw off the water layer into a
tive, this test method is a means for recognizing the potential
250-mL beaker.
for such a hazard.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
mittee D27.06on Chemical Test. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originally Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
published as D878–46T. Last previous edition D878–96a. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 878
7.1.1 Incasetheseparatedwaterisnotclear,filteritthrough 8. Report
a 10-cm diameter qualitative filter paper into a 250-mLbeaker.
8.1 Report the following information:
Thefiltrateisthenusedfortests.Asacheckonthefilterpaper,
8.1.1 Sample identification,
75 mLof hot water, passed through the paper prior to filtering
8.1.2 The presence or the absence of chlorides and sulfates
the separated water, should give negative tests for chlorides
individually, and
and
...
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