ASTM D8165-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:
5.2.1 Specification D7450.
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.
5.2.3 SAE J308.
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8165 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in
Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and
1
High-Torque Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the test purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
the American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the test purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
1. Scope* 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1
standard.
test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying
capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent
a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low- such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where
3
speed, high-torque operation.
there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Subcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2024. Published May 2024. Originally
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D8165 – 22. DOI:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
10.1520/D8165-24.
2
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229.
www.astmtmc.org.
Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.
3
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
(TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.
This edition includes all Information Letters through No. 24-1. Information Letters dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Freeport, PA 16229, Attn: Director. The TMC is also the source of reference oils.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8165 − 24
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.5 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference oil,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. D4175
3.1.6 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance
2. Referenced Documents
characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Reference oils a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8165 − 22 D8165 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in
Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and
1
High-Torque Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the test purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
the American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the test purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity,
wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque
3
operation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is
a sole source supply equipment specification.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022May 1, 2024. Published July 2022May 2024. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 20212022 as
ɛ1
D8165 – 21D8165 – 22. . DOI: 10.1520/D8165-22.10.1520/D8165-24.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. www.astmtmc.org.
3
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. This edition
includes all Information Letters through No. 22-1.24-1. Information Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA
16229, Attn: Director. The TMC is also the source of reference oils.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8165 − 24
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning S
...
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