ASTM D5997-15

Standard Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Total Carbon, Inorganic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate Oxidation, and Membrane Conductivity Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for detecting and determining organic and inorganic carbon impurities in water from a variety of sources including industrial water, drinking water, and waste water.  
5.2 Measurement of these impurities is of vital importance to the operation of various industries such as power, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, drinking water treatment, and waste treatment. Semiconductor and power applications require measurement of very low organic carbon levels (TOC  
5.3 Measurement of inorganic carbon as well as total organic carbon is highly important to some applications, such as in the power industry.  
5.4 Continuous monitoring and observation of trends in these measurements are of interest in indicating the need for equipment adjustment or correction of water purification procedures.  
5.5 Refer to the Bibliography section for additional information regarding the significance of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), and total organic carbon (TOC) in water in the range from 0.5 μg/L to 50 000 μg/L of carbon. Higher carbon levels may be determined by suitable on-line dilution. This test method utilizes ultraviolet-persulfate oxidation of organic carbon coupled with a CO2 selective membrane to recover the CO2 into deionized water. The change in conductivity of the deionized water is measured and related to carbon concentration in the oxidized sample using calibration data. Inorganic carbon is determined in a similar manner without the requirement for oxidation. In both cases, the sample is acidified to facilitate CO2 recovery through the membrane. The relationship between the conductivity measurement and carbon concentration can be described by a set of chemometric equations for the chemical equilibrium of CO2, HCO3−, H+, and OH−, and the relationship between the ionic concentrations and the conductivity. The chemometric model includes the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants and the specific conductances resulting in linear response of the method over the stated range of TOC. See Test Method D4519 for a discussion of the measurement of CO2 by conductivity.  
1.2 This test method has the advantage of a very high sensitivity detector that allows very low detection levels on relatively small volumes of sample. Also, the use of two measurement channels allows determination of IC in the sample independently of organic carbon. Isolation of the conductivity detector from the sample by the CO2 selective membrane results in a very stable calibration with minimal interferences.  
1.3 This test method was used successfully with reagent water spiked with sodium carbonate and various organic compounds. This test method is effective with both deionized water samples and samples of high ionic strength. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 This test method is applicable only to carbonaceous matter in the sample that can be introduced into the reaction zone. The inlet system generally limits the maximum size of particles that can be introduced. Filtration may also be used to remove particles, however, this may result in removal of organic carbon if the particles contain organic carbon.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4519-16 - Standard Test Method for On-Line Determination of Anions and Carbon Dioxide in High Purity Water by Cation Exchange and Degassed Cation Conductivity
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5997 − 15
Standard Test Method for
On-Line Monitoring of Total Carbon, Inorganic Carbon in
Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate Oxidation, and Membrane
1
Conductivity Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3 This test method was used successfully with reagent
water spiked with sodium carbonate and various organic
1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of
compounds. This test method is effective with both deionized
total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), and total organic
water samples and samples of high ionic strength. It is the
carbon (TOC) in water in the range from 0.5 µg/L to 50000
user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method
µg⁄L of carbon. Higher carbon levels may be determined by
for waters of untested matrices.
suitable on-line dilution. This test method utilizes ultraviolet-
persulfate oxidation of organic carbon coupled with a CO 1.4 This test method is applicable only to carbonaceous
2
selective membrane to recover the CO into deionized water. matter in the sample that can be introduced into the reaction
2
The change in conductivity of the deionized water is measured zone. The inlet system generally limits the maximum size of
and related to carbon concentration in the oxidized sample particles that can be introduced. Filtration may also be used to
using calibration data. Inorganic carbon is determined in a remove particles, however, this may result in removal of
similar manner without the requirement for oxidation. In both organic carbon if the particles contain organic carbon.
cases,thesampleisacidifiedtofacilitateCO recoverythrough
2
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the membrane. The relationship between the conductivity
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
measurement and carbon concentration can be described by a
standard.
set of chemometric equations for the chemical equilibrium of
− + − 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
CO , HCO ,H , and OH , and the relationship between the
2 3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ionic concentrations and the conductivity. The chemometric
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
model includes the temperature dependence of the equilibrium
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
constants and the specific conductances resulting in linear
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
response of the method over the stated range ofTOC. SeeTest
MethodD4519foradiscussionofthemeasurementofCO by
2. Referenced Documents
2
conductivity.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This test method has the advantage of a very high
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
sensitivity detector that allows very low detection levels on
D1192Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam
3
relatively small volumes of sample. Also, the use of two
in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
measurement channels allows determination of IC in the
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
sample independently of organic carbon. Isolation of the
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
conductivity detector from the sample by the CO selective
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
2
membrane results in a very stable calibration with minimal D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
interferences.
D4519Test Method for On-Line Determination of Anions
and Carbon Dioxide in High Purity Water by Cation
Exchange and Degassed Cation Conductivity
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Water-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5997–96 (2009). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5997-15. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5997 − 96 (Reapproved 2009) D5997 − 15
Standard Test Method for
On-Line Monitoring of Total Carbon, Inorganic Carbon in
Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate Oxidation, and Membrane
1
Conductivity Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), and total organic carbon
(TOC) in water in the range from 0.5 μg/L to 50 000 μg/Lμg ⁄L of carbon. Higher carbon levels may be determined by suitable
on-line dilution. This test method utilizes ultraviolet-persulfate oxidation of organic carbon coupled with a CO selective
2
membrane to recover the CO into deionized water. The change in conductivity of the deionized water is measured and related to
2
carbon concentration in the oxidized sample using calibration data. Inorganic carbon is determined in a similar manner without
the requirement for oxidation. In both cases, the sample is acidified to facilitate CO recovery through the membrane. The
2
relationship between the conductivity measurement and carbon concentration can be described by a set of chemometric equations
− + −
for the chemical equilibrium of CO , HCO , H H , and OH OH , and the relationship between the ionic concentrations and the
2 3
conductivity. The chemometric model includes the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants and the specific
conductances resulting in linear response of the method over the stated range of TOC. See Test Method D4519 for a discussion
of the measurement of CO by conductivity.
2
1.2 This test method has the advantage of a very high sensitivity detector that allows very low detection levels on relatively
small volumes of sample. Also, the use of two measurement channels allows determination of IC in the sample independently of
organic carbon. Isolation of the conductivity detector from the sample by the CO selective membrane results in a very stable
2
calibration with minimal interferences.
1.3 This test method was used successfully with reagent water spiked with sodium carbonate and various organic compounds.
This test method is effective with both deionized water samples and samples of high ionic strength. It is the user’s responsibility
to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 This test method is applicable only to carbonaceous matter in the sample that can be introduced into the reaction zone. The
inlet system generally limits the maximum size of particles that can be introduced. Filtration may also be used to remove particles,
however, this may result in removal of organic carbon if the particles contain organic carbon.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3
D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009May 1, 2015. Published November 2009August 2015. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20002009
as D5997 – 96 (2005).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D5997-96R09.10.1520/D5997-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.a
...