ASTM B645-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys may be used as a supplement to Test Method E399. The application of this practice is primarily intended for quality assurance and material release in cases where valid plane-strain fracture toughness data cannot be obtained per Test Method E399.
5.2 It must be understood that the interpretations and guidelines in this practice do not alter the validity requirements of Test Method E399 or promote the designation of data that are invalid according to Test Method E399 to a “valid” condition. This practice is primarily concerned with cases where it is not possible or practical to obtain valid data, but where material release judgments must be made against specified fracture toughness values. Where it is possible to obtain a valid plane-strain fracture toughness value by replacement testing according to Test Method E399, that is the preferred approach.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable to the fracture toughness testing of all aluminum alloys, tempers, and products, especially in cases where the tests are being made to establish whether or not individual lots meet the requirements of specifications and should be released to customers.
1.2 Test Method E399 is the basic test method to be used for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys. The purpose of this practice is to provide supplementary information for plane-strain fracture toughness of aluminum alloys in three main areas:
1.2.1 Specimen sampling,
1.2.2 Specimen size selection, and
1.2.3 Interpretation of invalid test results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard is currently written to accommodate only C(T) specimens.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B645 − 21
Standard Practice for
Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of
1
Aluminum Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys is performed essentially in
accordance with Test Method E399. However, there is a need, in the application of Test Method E399
for quality assurance testing, to deal with the interpretation of the results for material qualification and
release in cases where all requirements for valid measurements of plane-strain fracture toughness
cannot be met. It is the purpose of this practice to provide consistent methods of dealing with those
situations.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice is applicable to the fracture toughness
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
testing of all aluminum alloys, tempers, and products, espe-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cially in cases where the tests are being made to establish
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
whether or not individual lots meet the requirements of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specifications and should be released to customers.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 TestMethodE399isthebasictestmethodtobeusedfor
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
plane-strainfracturetoughnesstestingofaluminumalloys.The
purpose of this practice is to provide supplementary informa-
2. Referenced Documents
tion for plane-strain fracture toughness of aluminum alloys in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
three main areas:
B646 Practice for Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum
1.2.1 Specimen sampling,
Alloys
1.2.2 Specimen size selection, and
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.2.3 Interpretation of invalid test results.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Toughness of Metallic Materials
standard.
E561 Test Method forK Curve Determination
R
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound values given in paren-
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
theses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard is currently written to accommodate only 3. Terminology
C(T) specimens.
3.1 General—Terms, definitions, symbols, and orientation
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
designations in Test Method E399 and Terminology E1823 are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
applicable herein.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions:The following additional definitions are ap-
plicable:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.05 on
2
Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published January 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B645 – 10 (2015). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/B0645-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B645 − 21
3.2.1 invalid plane-strain fracture toughness—test result, 7.1.2 Specimens from forgings, extrusions, and rod shall be
K ,thatdoesnotmeetoneormoreofthevalidityrequirements taken from the center of the cross section as far as is practical.
Q
in Test Method E399 and, where so characterized, is of no
NOTE 1—Considerable care should be taken in specifying the location
value in judging the true plane-strain fracture toughness of a
of specimens within the thickness of the thick plate, forgings, extrusions,
material but may, under certain condit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B645 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) B645 − 21
Standard Practice for
Linear-Elastic Plane–StrainPlane-Strain Fracture Toughness
1
Testing of Aluminum Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys is performed essentially in
accordance with Test Method E399. However, there is a need, in the application of Test Method E399
for quality assurance testing, to deal with the interpretation of the results for material qualification and
release in cases where all requirements for valid measurements of plane-strain fracture toughness
cannot be met. It is the purpose of this practice to provide consistent methods of dealing with those
situations.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice is applicable to the fracture toughness testing of all aluminum alloys, tempers, and products, especially in cases
where the tests are being made to establish whether or not individual lots meet the requirements of specifications and should be
released to customers.
1.2 Test Method E399 is the basic test method to be used for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys. The
purpose of this practice is to provide supplementary information for plane-strain fracture toughness of aluminum alloys in three
main areas:
1.2.1 Specimen sampling,
1.2.2 Specimen size selection, and
1.2.3 Interpretation of invalid test results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard is currently written to accommodate only C(T) specimens.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.05 on Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2015January 2022. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20102015
as B645 – 10.B645 – 10 (2015). DOI: 10.1520/B0645-10R15.10.1520/B0645-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B645 − 21
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B646 Practice for Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
E561 Test Method forK Curve Determination
R
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Terms, definitions, symbols, and orientation designations in Test Method E399 and Terminology E1823 are
applicable herein.
3.2 Definitions:The following additional definitions are applicable:
3.2.1 invalid plane-strain fracture toughness—test result, K , that does not meet one or more of the validity requirements in Test
Q
Method E399 and, where so characterized, is of no value in judging the true plain-strainplane-strain fracture toughness of a
material but may, under certain conditions, adequately guarantee the material’s fracture toughness for lot release purposes.
3.2.2 valid plane-strain, fracture toughness—test result meeting all the validity requirements in Test Method E399, that is, a value
of K .
Ic
4. Summary of Practice
4
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