ASTM F1698-02(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Profile Strip Liner and Cementitious Grout for Rehabilitation of Existing Man-Entry Sewers and Conduits
Standard Practice for Installation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Profile Strip Liner and Cementitious Grout for Rehabilitation of Existing Man-Entry Sewers and Conduits
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations involved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and conduits. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits by the installation of a field-fabricated PVC liner. After installation of the liner, cementitious grout is injected into the annular space between the liner and the existing sewer or conduit. The rehabilitation of the host structure by this installation practice results in a rigid composite structure (PVC/grout/existing pipe). This rehabilitation process may be used in a variety of gravity applications, such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers and process piping of man-entry sizes (36 to 144 in. in vertical dimension). The profile strips used for field fabrication of PVC liners are supplied in coils for spiral winding of the liner or in custom-cut flat panels for circumferential lining of all or any portion of the circumference of the host conduit (see Figs. 1 and 2).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular attention is drawn to those safety regulations and requirements involving entering into and working in confined spaces.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1698 −02(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Installation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Profile Strip Liner
and Cementitious Grout for Rehabilitation of Existing Man-
Entry Sewers and Conduits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C942Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabili-
C969Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance
tation of sewer lines and conduits by the installation of a
Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
field-fabricated PVC liner. After installation of the liner,
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
cementitious grout is injected into the annular space between
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
thelinerandtheexistingsewerorconduit.Therehabilitationof
tics
the host structure by this installation practice results in a rigid
D1735Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
compositestructure(PVC/grout/existingpipe).Thisrehabilita-
Using Water Fog Apparatus
tion process may be used in a variety of gravity applications,
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers and process piping of
2.2 NASSCO Standard:
man-entry sizes (36 to 144 in. in vertical dimension). The
SpecificationGuidelinesforSewerCollectionSystemMain-
profile strips used for field fabrication of PVC liners are
tenance and Rehabilitation
suppliedincoilsforspiralwindingofthelinerorincustom-cut
flatpanelsforcircumferentialliningofalloranyportionofthe
3. Terminology
circumference of the host conduit (see Figs. 1 and 2).
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
nologiesD883andF412.Abbreviationsareinaccordancewith
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and are not considered standard.
3.2.1 extruded PVC joiner strip—a companion product to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the profile former strip of such configuration as to provide the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
locking mechanism at the edges of the former strips; the joiner
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
strip contains within it a coextruded flexible PVC seal which
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
forms a compression seal when mated with the edges of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Particular attention
former strips.
isdrawntothosesafetyregulationsandrequirementsinvolving
3.2.2 extruded PVC profile former strip—a product, avail-
entering into and working in confined spaces.
able in various sizes, consisting of a smooth inner surface and
a ribbed outer surface (profile) with edge configurations to
2. Referenced Documents
allow mechanical locking of adjacent strips.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 PVC liner—a product field fabricated from extruded
PVC profile strip into a shape substantially conforming to the
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
shape of the existing pipe or conduit, for example, circular,
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on
oval, ovoid, and so forth (see Fig. 1).
Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
3.2.4 production run—a continuous extrusion of a given
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1698–02. DOI:
profile type.
10.1520/F1698-02R08.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Availablefrom,NASSCO,Inc.,11521CronridgeDrive,SuiteJ,OwingsMills,
the ASTM website. MD 21117.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1698−02 (2008)
FIG. 1 Example of Profile PVC Strip
4. Significance and Use vapors or lack of oxygen shall be undertaken in accordance
with local, state, or federal safety and confined space entry
4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers,
regulations.
regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations in-
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—Internal debris should be re-
volved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and con-
moved from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should be
duits. As for any practice, modifications may be required for
cleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocity
specific job conditions.
jet cleaners, or a combination of these methods and manually
5. Materials directed high-pressure (2500-psi minimum) water blasting to
ensure that the exposed pipe wall is free of contamination of
5.1 The extruded PVC profile strip (former and joiner) used
foreign materials and corrosion products and the surface is
for the field fabrication of PVC liner should be made as
hard, competent original pipe material.
specified in Specifcation D1735.
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipeline—Inspection of pipeline should
5.2 The profile strip should be coiled in a continuous length
be performed by experienced personnel trained in locating
as long as practical, or cut in custom length panels for storage
breaks, obstacles, and service connections, either by direct
and shipping to the job site. Handling and storage should be in
visual observation or by closed-circuit television. The interior
accordance with the manufacturer’s published recommenda-
of the pipeline should be carefully inspected to determine the
tions.
location of any conditions that may prevent or adversely
5.3 The adhesive/sealant, used should be compatible with
impact proper installation of the profile liner, such as protrud-
thePVCcompoundandthelinerprocess,soasnottoeffectthe ing service taps, collapsed or crushed pipe, significant line
propertiesofthefinishedliner.(Apolyurethane-baseproductis sags, and deflected joints. These conditions should be noted,
suggested.) and as appropriate, corrected prior to installation.
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The existing pipeline should be
6. Installation Recommendations
clear of obstructions that will prevent the proper placement of
6.1 Cleaning and Inspection: the PVC liner. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot
6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas such as manholes, and be removed by conventional equipment, then a point repair
performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of excavationshouldbemadetouncoverandremoveorrepairthe
theatmospheretodeterminethepresenceoftoxicorflammable obstruction.
F1698−02 (2008)
FIG. 2 Typical Installations with Panels
6.2 Bypassing—The profiled PVC liner process does not bypass lines should be of adequate capacity and size to handle
always require a dry pipeline and may be installed with some
any extreme flows expected during the installation period.
flow in the existing pipe or lateral connections, or both. If
6.2.1 Under certain conditions, part or all of the installation
necessary, the bypass should be made by plugging the line at a
may be carried out with some flow in the existing pipeline or
point upstream of the pipe to be rehabilitated and pumping the
service connections, or both.
flow to a downstream point or adjacent system. The pump and
F1698−02 (2008)
6.3 PVC Liner Installation: integrity of the renovated sewer and should be designed and
executed with great care. The grouting plan should be as
6.3.1 Liner Installation (Panels)—If the job requires the
recommended by the liner material supplier and be reviewed
profiled PVC strips be provided in the form of panels or if the
and approved by the owner’s representative in advance of the
jobentailstheliningofonlyaportionofthecircumference,the
work.
panels should be cut and trimmed to fit as near as practical to
6.4.1 Although the goal of grouting is to fill 100% of the
the internal circumference of the structure to be lined or to
annulus, hydrostatic buckling strength required by the job
produce the required annulus (space between the liner and the
specifications determines the required minimum grout fill of
pipe wall). The panels should be placed square with the pipe
the annulus. If no specification for the job exists, it is
wall, that is, circumferentially (see Fig. 2). The adjacent panel
recommendedthattherequiredgroutfilloftheannulusbesuch
edges should be locked together using the manufacturer-
that there be no voids greater in circumferential extent than
supplied joiner strip by means recommended by the manufac-
5%oftheinsidecircumferenceoftheliner.Voidsfoundlarger
turer. End joints or supports should be made with a
than specified shall be filled by drilling a hole in the void,
manufacturer-supplied connector section or support (for
pumping grout into the void, and then plugging the grouting
example, “J” strips) and sealed with a bead of an approved
hole with a PVC plug as above. For purposes of this practice,
sealant/adhesive. If necessary, the panels may be shimmed off
adjacent voids separated circumferentially less than 4 in.
the wall to avoid discontinuities on the surface or to ensure a
should be considered one void.Also, the total void circumfer-
minimum annulus required by the specified design. These
ential extent in any one-foot section of the pipe should not
shims should be of such a configuration as to not significantly
exceed10%ofthecircumferenceoftheliner,regardlessofthe
impede the flow of grout into the annulus.
sizes of the individual voids.As both the compressive strength
6.3.2 Liner Installation (Coils)—If the job requires the
and the gro
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F 1698–96 Designation: F 1698 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Installation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Profile Strip Liner
and Cementitious Grout for Rehabilitation of Existing Man-
Entry Sewers and Conduits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits by the installation of a
field-fabricatedPVCliner.Afterinstallationoftheliner,cementitiousgroutisinjectedintotheannularspacebetweenthelinerand
the existing sewer or conduit. The rehabilitation of the host structure by this installation practice results in a rigid composite
structure (PVC/grout/existing pipe). This rehabilitation process may be used in a variety of gravity applications, such as sanitary
sewers, storm sewers and process piping of man-entry sizes (36 to 144 in. in vertical dimension). The profile strips used for field
fabrication of PVC liners are supplied in coils for spiral winding of the liner or in custom-cut flat panels for circumferential lining
of all or any portion of the circumference of the host conduit (see Figs. 1 and 2).
1.2The values in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Particular attention is drawn to those safety regulations and requirements involving entering into and
working in confined spaces.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C39Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens 942 Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
C969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
D790Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D1784Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Compounds 1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
2.2 NASSCO Standard:
Specification Guidelines for Sewer Collection System Maintenance and Rehabilitation
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminologies D883 and F412 and F412. Abbreviations are in accordance
with Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF-17onPlasticPipingSystemsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF17.67onTrenchlessPlastic
Pipeline Technology.
Current edition approved March 10, 1996. Published May 1996.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 onTrenchless Plastic
Pipeline Technology.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1698–02.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
Available from, NASSCO, Inc., 11521 Cronridge Drive, Suite J, Owings Mills, MD 21117.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1698 – 02 (2008)
FIG. 1 Example of Profile PVC Strip
3.2.1 extruded PVC joiner strip—acompanionproducttotheprofileformerstripofsuchconfigurationastoprovidethelocking
mechanism at the edges of the former strips; the joiner strip contains within it a coextruded flexible PVC seal which forms a
compression seal when mated with the edges of the former strips.
3.2.2 extruded PVC profile former strip—aproduct,availableinvarioussizes,consistingofasmoothinnersurfaceandaribbed
outer surface (profile) with edge configurations to allow mechanical locking of adjacent strips.
3.2.3 PVC liner—a product field fabricated from extruded PVC profile strip into a shape substantially conforming to the shape
of the existing pipe or conduit, for example, circular, oval, ovoid, and so forth (see Fig. 1).
3.2.4 production run—a continuous extrusion of a given profile type.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations involved in
the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and conduits. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job
conditions.
5. Materials
5.1The extruded PVC profile strip (former and joiner) used for the field fabrication of PVC liner should be made from PVC
compound meeting all requirements for Cell Classification12344-C or higher, as defined in Specification D1784. The coextruded
flexible PVC seal in the joiner strip should be made from extrusion grade PVC with Shore A durometer of between 60 and 80
(when measured in accordance with Test Method D2240).
NOTE1—An ASTM specification for PVC profile strip materials is under preparation and will be referenced in this practice when approved.
5.1 The extruded PVC profile strip (former and joiner) used for the field fabrication of PVC liner should be made as specified
in Specifcation F1735.
5.2 The profile strip should be coiled in a continuous length as long as practical, or cut in custom length panels for storage and
shipping to the job site. Handling and storage should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s published recommendations.
5.3 Theadhesiveorsealant,orboth,adhesive/sealant,usedshouldbecompatiblewiththePVCcompoundandthelinerprocess,
so as not to effect the properties of the finished liner. (A1-component, moisture-cured, polyurethane-base product is suggested.)
6. Installation Recommendations
6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:
F 1698 – 02 (2008)
FIG. 2 Typical Installations with Panels
6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas such as manholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of the
atmospheretodeterminethepresenceoftoxicorflammablevaporsorlackofoxygenshallbeundertakeninaccordancewithlocal,
state, or federal safety and confined space entry regulations.
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—Internaldebrisshouldberemovedfromtheexistingpipeline.Gravitypipesshouldbecleanedwith
hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocity jet cleaners, or a combination of these methods and manually directed
high-pressure(2500-psiminimum)waterblastingtoensurethattheexposedpipewallisfreeofcontaminationofforeignmaterials
and corrosion products and the surface is hard, competent original pipe material.
F 1698 – 02 (2008)
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipeline—Inspection of pipeline should be performed by experienced personnel trained in locating breaks,
obstacles, and service connections, either by direct visual observation or by closed-circuit television. The interior of the pipeline
should be carefully inspected to determine the location of any conditions that may prevent or adversely impact proper installation
of the profile liner, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or crushed pipe, significant line sags, and deflected joints. These
conditions should be noted, and as appropriate, corrected prior to installation.
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The existing pipeline should be clear of obstructions that will prevent the proper placement of the
PVC liner. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by conventional equipment, then a point repair excavation
should be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruction.
6.2 Bypassing—The profiled PVC liner process does not always require a dry pipeline and may be installed with some flow in
the existing pipe or lateral connections, or both. If necessary, the bypass should be made by plugging the line at a point upstream
of the pipe to be rehabilitated and pumping the flow to a downstream point or adjacent system.The pump and bypass lines should
be of adequate capacity and size to handle any extreme flows expected during the installation period.
6.2.1 Undercertainconditions,partoralloftheinstallationmaybecarriedoutwithsomeflowintheexistingpipelineorservice
connections, or both.
6.3 PVC Liner Installation:
6.3.1 Liner Installation (Panels)—If the job requires the profiled PVC strips be provided in the form of panels or if the job
entails the lining of only a portion of the circumference, the panels should be cut and trimmed to fit as near as practical to the
internal circumference of the structure to be lined or to produce the required annulus (space between the liner and the pipe wall).
The panels should be placed square with the pipe wall, that is, circumferentially (see Fig. 2). The adjacent panel edges should be
locked together using the manufacturer-supplied joiner strip by means recommended by the manufacturer. End joints or supports
should be made with a manufacturer-supplied connector section or support (for example, “J” strips) and sealed with a bead of an
approvedsealant/adhesive.Ifnecessary,thepanelsmaybeshimmedoffthewalltoavoiddiscontinuitiesonthesurfaceortoensure
a minimum annulus required by the specified design.These shims should be of such a configuration as to not significantly impede
the flow of grout into the annulus.
6.3.2 Liner Installation (Coils)—IfthejobrequirestheprofiledPVCbeprovidedintheformofcoils,thecoilshouldbeplaced
over the open access manhole and the strip pulled down into the pipe through the manhole from the center of the coil. The liner
shouldbespirallywoundwiththeribbedprofileofthestripasnearaspracticaltothewalloftheexistingstructure,orasspecified
by the owner. If necessary, the strip may be shimmed off the wall to avoid discontinuities of the wall surface or to maintain the
specifiedannulus.Suchshimsshouldbeofaconfigurationthattheywillnotsignificantlyimpedetheflowofgroutintotheannulus.
The adjacent profile strip edges should be locked together using the manufacturer-supplied joiner strip by means approved by the
material supplier. Additional coils of PVC strip may be introduced by joining the ends of the strip by means of a
manufacturer-suppliedPVCsplicingprofile(forexample,“H”connectorsection).Thespliceshouldbesealedonbothsidesofthe
splice with an approved sealant/adhesive.
6.4 Grouting—Once the PVC liner is in place, the ends of the pipe at the manhole are sealed by dry packing with rapid-setting
mortar. Through this mortar and around the liner are placed a series of tubes which act as grout injection tubes or breather tubes,
orboth.Alternatively,orinaddition,groutholesmaybedrilledinthePVCliningatappropriatepointsandflowablegroutinjected
into them until satisfactory fill is obtained. Grout holes in the liner should be sealed with PVC plugs which, in turn, should be
sealedbyabeadofapprovedsealant/adhesive(a1-component,moisture-cured,polyurethane-baseproductissuggested).Grouting
shouldproceedinliftsorstages;generallytheriseofthefirstliftislimitedbytheallowablefloatingofthelineroffthepipeinvert
and avoiding contact of the liner with the crown of the existing pipe, while the succeeding lifts are limited in vertical rise by liner
wall deflection. There should be no leakage of the grout at the joints/seams of the liner. Due to the presence of the breather
holes/tubes,thelinerwillbesubjectedonlytothehydraulicheadpressureoftheliquidgrout,thatis,willnotsensethegroutpump
pressure. Thus, pressure monitoring at the grouting hose is generally not required. The grouting of the annular space is very
importanttothestructuralintegrityoftherenovatedsewerandshouldbedesignedandexecutedwithgreatcare.Thegroutingplan
should be as recommended by the liner material supplier and be reviewed and approved by the owner’s representative in advance
of the work.
6.4.1 Although the goal of grouting is to fill 100% of the annulus, hydrostatic buckling strength required by the job
specifications determines the required minimum grout fill of the annulus. If no specification for the job exists, it is recommended
that the required grout fill of the annulus be such that there be no voids greater in circumferential extent than 5% of the inside
circumference of the liner. Voids found larger than specified shall be filled by drilling a hole in the void, pumping grout into the
void, and then plugging the grouting hole with a PVC plug as above. For purposes of this practice, adjacent voids separated
circumferentially less than 4 in. should be considered one void.Also, the total void circumferential extent in any one-foot section
of the pipe should not exceed 10% of the circumference of the liner, regardless of the sizes of the individual voids.As both the
compressive strength and the grout thickness (size of annulus) are design variables and, therefore, job specific, no general
specification can be given here.
6.4.2 Thegroutshouldconsistofthefollowing:Portlandcement,Cement,water,flyashorlime,admixtures,andBentoniteclay
(less than 5% by weight of solids).admixtures. The grout mix design, including viscosity and minimum compressive strength to
be used for the project application, should be as recommended by the manufacturer (of the PVC strips) and approved by the
F 1698 – 02 (2008)
owner’s representative prior to commencement of work. Grout components should be clean, fresh, and stored in a suitably dry
condition. Premixed grouts and grout admixtures should be used in accordance with their manufacturer’s specifications.
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.