CEN/TR 13767:2004

Characterisation of sludges - Good practice for sludges incineration with and without grease and screenings

This document  describes good practice for the incineration of sludges with and without grease and screenings.
This document is applicable for sludges described in the scope of CEN/TC 308 specifically derived from :
- night soil ;
- urban wastewater collecting systems ;
- urban wastewater treatment plants ;
- treatment of industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EC) ;
but excluding hazardous sludges from industry.
This document is not applicable to co-incineration of sludge and other wastes, (either urban or hazardous) (see CEN/TR 13768) and to the use of sludge in cement kilns.
Annex A gives tables of data for different typical parameters for sludge, furnace and ash.

Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Anleitung für die gute fachliche Praxis bei der Verbrennnung von Schlamm mit und ohne Fett und Rechengut

Caractérisation des boues - Bonne pratique d'incinération des boues avec ou sans graisse et refus de dégrillage

Le présent document décrit les bonnes pratiques d'incinération des boues avec ou sans graisse et refus de dégrillage.
Le présent document s'applique aux boues décrites dans le domaine d'application du CEN/TC 308, provenant spécifiquement :
-   des matières de vidange ;
-   des systèmes de collecte des eaux usées urbaines ;
-   des stations d'épuration des eaux usées urbaines ;
-   des stations d'épuration des eaux industrielles assimilées (telles que définies par la Directive 91/271/CE) ;
à l'exclusion des boues industrielles dangereuses.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas à la co-incinération des boues et d'autres déchets (urbains ou dangereux) (voir le CEN/TR 13768), ni à l'utilisation des boues en fours de cimenterie.
L'Annexe A regroupe des tableaux indiquant différents paramètres caractéristiques des boues, fours et cendres.

Karakterizacija blata - Dobra praksa za sežiganje blat z maščobami in ostanki ter brez njih

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 17-Aug-2004
• ICS: 13.030.20 - Liquid wastes. Sludge
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 308 - Characterization of sludges
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 308 - Characterization of sludges
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Completion Date: 26-Nov-2014
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/TR 13767:2005 - Characterisation of sludges - Good practice for sludges incineration with and without grease and screenings

Relations

• Replaces: CR 13767:2001 - Characterization of sludges - Good practice for sludges incineration with and without grease and screenings
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008
• Replaced By: CEN/TR 16788:2014 - Characterization of sludges - Guideline of good practice for thermal processes
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2005
1DGRPHãþD
SIST CR 13767:2001
SIST CR 13767:2001
.DUDNWHUL]DFLMDEODWD'REUDSUDNVD]DVHåLJDQMHEODW]PDãþREDPLLQRVWDQNLWHU
EUH]QMLK
Characterisation of sludges - Good practice for sludges incineration with and without
grease and screenings
Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Anleitung für die gute fachliche Praxis bei der
Verbrennnung von Schlamm mit und ohne Fett und Rechengut
Caractérisation des boues - Bonne pratique d'incinération des boues avec ou sans
graisse et refus de dégrillage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 13767:2004
ICS:
13.030.20 7HNRþLRGSDGNL%ODWR Liquid wastes. Sludge
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 13767
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2004
ICS 13.030.20 Supersedes CR 13767:2001
English version
Characterisation of sludges - Good practice for sludges
incineration with and without grease and screenings
Caractérisation des boues - Bonne pratique d'incinération Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Anleitung für die gute
des boues avec ou sans graisse et refus de dégrillage fachliche Praxis bei der Verbrennnung von Schlamm mit
und ohne Fett und Rechengut
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 February 2004. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 308.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 13767:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
FOREWORD.3
INTRODUCTION .4
1 SCOPE.5
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES.5
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS.5
4 SLUDGE PROPERTIES.6
4.1 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS .6
4.2 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS.7
5 COMBUSTION FUNDAMENTALS.9
6 EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS.10
6.1 INCINERATION SYSTEMS.10
6.2 SUPPORT COMPONENTS.16
6.3 DESIGN ASPECTS.21
7 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES.22
7.1 GENERAL.22
7.2 SPECIFIC.22
8 MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUES .25
8.1 FLUE GAS.25
8.2 ASHES .26
8.3 WASTEWATER.27
9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT.27
ANNEX A.28
BIBLIOGRAPHY .32

Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 13767:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterization
of sludges”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document supersedes CR 13767:2001.
Significant technical differences between this edition and CR 13767:2001 is taking account of the new Directive
2000/76/EC (incineration of waste).
The status of this document as CEN Technical Report has been chosen because the most of its content is not
completely in line with practice and regulation in each member state. This document gives recommendations for a
good practice but existing national regulations concerning the sludges incineration remain in force.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Report: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to describe good practice of the sludge incineration in order to ensure a safe and
economical operation. The main goals are to :
 describe the principal design parameters relevant to different process schemes ;
 assess the operating procedures able to perform optimal energy consumption, emissions control and
equipment durability ;
 provide the responsible authorities with well established and easily applicable protocols for control purposes ;
 promote the diffusion of this practice and favouring the formation of a public opinion consensus ;
Potential advantages of high temperature processes include :
 reduction of volume and mass of sludge ;
 destruction of toxic organic compounds, if present ;
 energy recovery.
Anyway, priority should be given to reduction of pollutants at the origin and to recover if technically and
economically feasible valuable substances (phosphorous and potassium) in sludge and derived products.
The following abbreviated terms necessary for the understanding of this document apply :
COD Chemical oxygen demand
LOI Loss On Ignition
MHF Multiple Hearth Furnace
FBF Fluidised Bed Furnace
RKF Rotary Kiln Furnace
EF Electric Furnace
CF Cyclone Furnace
PCDF Polychlorodibenzofurans
PCDD Polychlorodibenzodioxins
PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls
PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
GCV Greater Calorific Value
LCV Lower Calorific Value
VOC Volatile organic carbon
1 Scope
This document describes good practice for the incineration of sludges with and without grease and screenings.
This document is applicable for sludges described in the scope of CEN/TC 308 specifically derived from :
 night soil ;
 urban wastewater collecting systems ;
 urban wastewater treatment plants ;
 treatment of industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EC) ;
but excluding hazardous sludges from industry.
This document is not applicable to co-incineration of sludge and other wastes, (either urban or hazardous) (see
CEN/TR 13768) and to the use of sludge in cement kilns.
Annex A gives tables of data for different typical parameters for sludge, furnace and ash.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 1085, Wastewater treatment – Vocabulary.
EN 12832, Characterization of sludges – Utilisation and disposal of sludges – Vocabulary.
EN 12255-8, Wastewater treatments plants – Part 8 : Sludge treatment and storage.
CEN/TR 13768, Characterization of sludges – Good practice for combined incineration of sludge and household
wastes.
EN 13965-1, Characterization of waste – Terminology – Part 1 : Material related terms and definitions.
EN 13965-2, Characterization of waste – Terminology – Part 2 : Management related terms and definitions.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions which apply are those given in :
 Directive 91/271/EC (concerning urban waste water treatment) ;
 Directive 75/442/EEC (the Waste Framework Directive) as amended by EU Directive 91/156/EEC ;
 Directive 89/369/EEC (concerning prevention of atmospheric pollution derived from urban solid waste
incineration plants) until 27/12/2005;
 Directive 2000/76/CE on Waste incineration
 EN 1085, EN 12832, and EN 13965-1 and -2.
4 Sludge properties
Sludge characterisation for the assessment of combustion processes involves the evaluation of chemical and
physical parameters and specific properties.
4.1 Chemical characteristics
The main chemical characteristics to be taken into account are :
 organic and inorganic chlorine ;
 sulfur ;
 phosphorus and nitrogen ;
 other halogens ;
 organic micropollutants with main regard to chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenols and polyphenols,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ;
 elemental analysis of loss on ignition (LOI) ;
 trace elements.
The toxicity of emissions (gaseous, liquid, solid) from incineration generally depends on the presence of above
chemicals at origin, when improper operating conditions occur.
a) Sulfur
The sulfur content of sewage sludge ranges generally from 0,5 % to 2 % by dry mass. Because a fraction of the
sulfur is present in the oxidised sulfate form, not all of this sulfur is converted to sulfur dioxide during combustion.
Sulfur dioxide then combines with moisture, either in the waste gas treatment system or in the atmosphere, to form
sulfuric and sulfurous acids.
b) Phosphorus and nitrogen
Phosphorus can be present in sewage sludge in concentration ranging from 1 % to 5 % by dry mass. This
concentration mainly depends on the phosphorus load in the wastewater system and on the level of phosphorus
removal accomplished in the treatment plant. Nowadays in some countries the phosphorus concentration in urban
wastewater is decreasing due to substitution of phosphorus in detergents with other products. During combustion
phosphorus and phosphorus compounds are converted to calcium phosphate which can be present in the furnace
ash up to 15 % mass fraction of P O In certain conditions, leaching of phosphorus from ashes should be taken
2 5.
into account.
Nitrogen content of sewage sludge (2 % to 12 % dry mass) can be converted during combustion to molecular
nitrogen or to NO , depending on the temperature and atmosphere inside the furnace. NO formation from fuel
x x
bound nitrogen can be controlled by restricting the air flow to the minimum excess above the stoichiometric
requirement and by staging the air flow to the furnace (see 8.1).
1)
c) Chlorine and other halogens
Organic and inorganic chlorine compounds play an important role in the combustion processes for the tendency of
the chlorine radicals to bind to active radicals, like O*, H* and OH*. This determines a decrease in the combustion
rate with the possibility of toxic compounds formation. Chlorine and other halogens are also responsible for the
presence in the exhaust gases of acidic compounds which are undesirable for corrosion problems involved,
especially at high temperatures. The presence of organic chlorine in sewage sludge is generally negligible (less

1) Bromine can exert similar effects than chlorine but the organic compounds are easier formed and they can also be easier
destroyed at high temperatures.
than 50 mg/kg dry mass) but the concentration of inorganic chlorine can be some units per cent dry mass
depending on chlorine presence in the sludge water fraction and on the use of inorganic conditioners. The
industrial sludges similar to sewage sludge mentioned in Directive 91/271/EC, which derive from food and/or
beverage transformation and production, do not contain organic chlorine. As for sewage sludge, inorganic chlorine
can be present in such sludges if FeCl is used as conditioner.
d) Organic micropollutants
Although the presence of organic micropollutants in sewage sludge can be in some cases noticeable, they
g
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