EN 1097-2:2020

Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation

This document describes the reference method, the Los Angeles test, used for type testing and in case of dispute (and an alternative method, the impact test) for determining the resistance to fragmentation of coarse aggregates (main text) and aggregates for railway ballast (Annex A). For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods are possible provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
This document applies to natural, manufactured or recycled aggregates used in building and civil engineering.
Annex A describes a method for the determination of resistance to fragmentation of aggregates for railway ballast.
Annex B gives alternative narrow range classifications for the Los Angeles test and the impact test.
Annex C contains construction, operation and safety requirements for the impact tester.
Annex D describes a method for checking of the impact tester.
Annex E gives precision data.
Annex F contains a worked example of calculation of impact value SZ.
Annex G gives an alternative narrow range classification for the Los Angeles test of 16/32 mm recycled aggregates.
Annex H proposes an additional sieve for the evaluation of the Los Angeles test for railway ballast.
Annex A is normative and Annexes B to H are informative.

Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 2: Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Zertrümmerung

Dieses Dokument legt das Referenzverfahren; das Los-Angeles-Prüfverfahren; das für die Erstprüfung und in Streitfällen zur Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Zertrümmerung von groben Gesteinskörnungen (Haupttext) und Gesteinskörnungen für Gleisschotter (Anhang A) verwendet wird (sowie den Schlagversuch als alternatives Verfahren), fest. Für andere Zwecke, speziell im Rahmen der werkseigenen Produktionskontrolle, sind auch andere Verfahren möglich, sofern ein ausreichender Zusammenhang zum Referenzverfahren nachgewiesen wurde.
Dieses Dokument wird angewendet für natürliche, industriell hergestellte oder rezyklierte Gesteins-körnungen, die im Bauwesen eingesetzt werden.
Anhang A beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Zertrümmerung von Gesteinskörnungen für Gleisschotter.
Anhang B beschreibt alternative enge Kornklassen für das Los-Angeles-Prüfverfahren und den Schlagversuch.
Anhang C umfasst Aufbau, Betrieb und Sicherheitsanforderungen für das Schlagprüfgerät.
Anhang D beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Prüfung des Schlagprüfgeräts.
Anhang E enthält Daten zur Präzision.
Anhang F enthält ein ausgearbeitetes Beispiel zur Berechnung des Schlagzertrümmerungswertes SZ.
Anhang G beschreibt eine alternative enge Kornklasse für das Los-Angeles-Prüfverfahren von rezyklierten Gesteinskörnungen der Kornklasse 16/32 mm.
Anhang H beschreibt ein zusätzliches Sieb zur Bewertung des Los-Angeles-Prüfverfahrens für Gleisschotter.
Anhang A ist normativ, während die Anhänge B bis H informativer Natur sind.

Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques mécaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 2 : Méthodes pour la détermination de la résistance à la fragmentation

Le présent document décrit la méthode de référence, l’essai Los Angeles, utilisée pour les essais de type initiaux et en cas de litige (et une autre méthode, l’essai de fragmentation par impact) pour déterminer la résistance à la fragmentation d’un gravillon (texte principal) et des granulats pour ballast ferroviaire (Annexe A). À d’autres fins, en particulier pour le contrôle de la production en usine, d’autres méthodes sont envisageables, sous réserve qu’une corrélation appropriée avec la méthode de référence ait été établie.
Le présent document s’applique aux granulats naturels, artificiels ou recyclés utilisés dans le Bâtiment et les Travaux Publics.
L’Annexe A décrit une méthode de détermination de la résistance à la fragmentation des granulats utilisés pour le ballast ferroviaire.
L’Annexe B donne d’autres possibilités de classes granulaires pour l’essai Los Angeles et l’essai de fragmentation par impact.
L’Annexe C donne des exigences en matière de construction, de fonctionnement et de sécurité pour la machine de fragmentation par impact.
L’Annexe D décrit un procédé de contrôle de la machine de fragmentation par impact.
L’Annexe E fournit des données sur la fidélité.
L’Annexe F donne un exemple concret de calcul de la valeur de fragmentation par impact SZ.
L’Annexe G donne d’autres possibilités de classes granulaires pour l’essai Los Angeles appliqué aux granulats recyclés  16/32 mm.
L’Annexe H propose un tamis supplémentaire pour l’essai Los Angeles appliqué au ballast ferroviaire.
L’Annexe A est normative et les Annexes B à H sont informatives.

Preskusi mehanskih in fizikalnih lastnosti agregatov - 2. del: Metode določevanja odpornosti proti drobljenju

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Apr-2020
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Oct-2020
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 154 - Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 154/SC 6/WG 2 - Physical Testing
• Current Stage: 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 02-Dec-2025
• Completion Date: 02-Dec-2025
• Mandate: M/025 - Ports and airports equipment
• Ref Project: SIST EN 1097-2:2020 - Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation

Relations

• Replaces: EN 1097-2:2010 - Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation
• Effective Date: 18-Oct-2017

Overview

EN 1097-2:2020 (CEN) - Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates, Part 2 - defines reference and alternative laboratory methods for determining the resistance to fragmentation of coarse aggregates. The standard specifies the Los Angeles test as the reference method (for type testing and dispute resolution) and the impact test as an alternative. It applies to natural, manufactured and recycled aggregates used in building and civil engineering and includes a normative method for railway ballast (Annex A).

Key Topics

• Reference and alternative methods
  • Los Angeles (LA) test - reference method; result expressed as the Los Angeles coefficient (LA), defined as the percentage mass passing the 1.6 mm sieve after the test. Typical test portion fractions: 10/14 mm (main text) and 31.5/50 mm (railway ballast, Annex A).
  • Impact test - alternative method; results include the impact value SZ, defined in the standard as one‑fifth of the sum of mass percentages passing five specified sieves.
• Apparatus and sieves
  • Test sieves conform to EN 933‑2 (apertures include 1.6, 10, 11.2 (or 12.5), 14 mm for LA test; other sieve ranges for impact test and railway ballast are specified).
  • Guard sieves (e.g., 2, 4 or 8 mm) and balances with 0.1 % accuracy are required.
  • Annex C details construction, operation and safety requirements for the impact tester; Annex D gives checking procedures.
• Procedure and reporting
  • Clauses cover preparation of test portions, test procedures, calculation and expression of results, and required contents of the test report.
  • Annex E provides precision data; Annex F gives a worked example of calculating SZ.
• Classifications and special provisions
  • Annex B and G give alternative narrow‑range classifications (including recycled aggregates); Annex H proposes an additional sieve for railway ballast evaluation.
• Normative vs informative
  • Annex A (railway ballast method) is normative; Annexes B–H are informative.

Applications

• Quality control and type testing of coarse aggregates for concrete, asphalt, structures and rail track ballast.
• Dispute resolution and certification - LA test is the reference method for contractual or regulatory disputes.
• Laboratories and producers - aggregate producers, independent testing labs, construction materials labs and rail infrastructure engineers use EN 1097‑2 for performance assessment and specification compliance.
• Factory production control - other methods may be used provided they are correlated with the reference method.

Related Standards

• EN 932 series (general aggregate tests)
• EN 933 series (geometrical properties, sieving)
• EN 1097 (other parts) - e.g., Part 1 (micro‑Deval), Part 6 (particle density)

Keywords: EN 1097-2:2020, Los Angeles test, impact test, resistance to fragmentation, aggregates testing, railway ballast, LA coefficient, impact value SZ, CEN.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1097-2:2010
Preskusi mehanskih in fizikalnih lastnosti agregatov - 2. del: Metode določevanja
odpornosti proti drobljenju
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for the
determination of resistance to fragmentation
Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen
- Teil 2: Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Zertrümmerung
Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques mécaniques et physiques de granulats -
Partie 2 : Méthodes pour la détermination de la résistance à la fragmentation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1097-2:2020
ICS:
91.100.15 Mineralni materiali in izdelki Mineral materials and
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 1097-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 1097-2:2010
English Version
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates
- Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to
fragmentation
Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische
mécaniques et physiques de granulats - Partie 2 : Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 2:
Méthodes pour la détermination de la résistance à la Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen
fragmentation Zertrümmerung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 February 2020.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1097-2:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Apparatus . 8
4.2 Additional apparatus required for determination of resistance to
fragmentation by the Los Angeles test method . 8
4.3 Additional apparatus required for determination of resistance to
fragmentation by the impact test method . 10
5 Determination of resistance to fragmentation by the Los Angeles test
method . 10
5.1 Principle . 10
5.2 Preparation of test portion . 10
5.3 Test procedure . 11
5.4 Calculation and expression of results . 11
5.5 Test report . 12
6 Determination of resistance to fragmentation by the impact test method . 12
6.1 Principle . 12
6.2 Preparation of test specimens . 12
6.3 Test procedure . 13
6.4 Calculation and expression of results . 13
6.5 Test report . 14
Annex A (normative) Determination of resistance to fragmentation of aggregates
for railway ballast . 15
A.1 Apparatus . 15
A.2 Determination of resistance to fragmentation by the Los Angeles test
method . 17
A.3 Determination of resistance to fragmentation by the impact test method . 19
Annex B (informative) Alternative narrow range classifications . 22
B.1 Los Angeles test . 22
B.2 Impact test . 22
Annex C (informative) The impact tester: Construction, operation and safety
requirements . 24
C.1 General . 24
C.2 Construction . 24
C.3 Lifting device . 25
C.4 Sample holder . 25
C.5 Anvil . 26
C.6 Base plate and dampers . 27
C.7 Safety requirements and testing . 27
C.8 Checking of impact tester . 27
Annex D (informative) Checking of the impact tester . 36
D.1 Scope and field of application . 36
D.2 Checklist . 36
D.3 Apparatus and test agents . 36
D.4 Procedure . 36
Annex E (informative) Precision . 38
E.1 General . 38
E.2 Los Angeles test . 38
E.3 Impact test . 38
Annex F (informative) Worked example of calculation of impact value SZ . 40
Annex G (informative) Alternative narrow range classification for the Los Angeles
test of 16/32 mm recycled aggregates . 41
Annex H (informative) Additional sieve for evaluation of the Los Angeles test for
railway ballast . 42
Bibliography . 43

European foreword
This document (EN 1097-2:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154
“Aggregates”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2020, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 1097-2:2010.
The main technical changes compared to EN 1097-2:2010 are the following:
— All annexes are presented in the Scope.
— The definition of LA has been added in Clause 3.
RB
— Reference to the test sieves in Annex B has been added in Table 1.
— Guard sieves are introduced in 4.1 General apparatus.
— Figure 1 describing a typical Los Angeles testing machine has been modified.
— Notes with normative text have been transformed into main text (Note in 4.2.2.1, Note 3 in
5.2 and Note in 6.2.2).
— Explanations about ball load have been added as notes in 4.2.2.2.
— The test procedure in 5.3 has been clarified.
— The texts about masses in 6.2.4 and 6.3.4 have been clarified.
— Annex A is completed to contain full text, not only the clauses expressing additions or
modifications to main text clauses.
— The text about ball load in A.1.2.2 has been completed.
— The test procedure for aggregates for railway ballast has been completed (A.2.3).
— Formula (A.1) has been changed.
— The test report content has been adopted to the current rules (5.5, 6.5, A.2.5 and A.3.5).
— The principle and the test procedure for impact test of aggregates for railway ballast have
been completed (A.3.1 and A.3.3).
— Annex B has been modified to include both LA test and impact test and is completed with
alternative narrow range classifications for the impact test.
— The texts about determination of impact effect have been removed (D.3.2, D.4.7 and the last
point of the checklist in D.2).
— A new Annex H with an additional sieve for evaluation of the Los Angeles test for railway
ballast is added.
— The Bibliography is supplemented.
— All references (except for the normative) are dated.
This European standard forms part of a series of tests for mechanical and physical properties of
aggregates. Test methods for other properties of aggregates are covered by the following
European standards:
— EN 932, Tests for general properties of aggregates
— EN 933, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates
— EN 1367, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates
— EN 1744, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates
— EN 13179, Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures
EN 1097 consists of the following parts, under the general title Tests for mechanical and physical
properties of aggregates:
— Part 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval)
— Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voids
— Part 4: Determination of the voids of dry compacted filler
— Part 5: Determination of the water content by drying in a ventilated oven
— Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption
— Part 7: Determination of the particle density of filler — Pyknometer method
— Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value
— Part 9: Method for the determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded
tyres — Nordic test
— Part 10: Water suction height
— Part 11: Determination of compressibility and confined compressive strength of lightweight
aggregates
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom
1 Scope
This document describes the reference method, the Los Angeles test, used for type testing and in
case of dispute (and an alternative method, the impact test) for determining the resistance to
fragmentation of coarse aggregates (main text) and aggregates for railway ballast (Annex A). For
other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods are possible provided
that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
This document applies to natural, manufactured or recycled aggregates used in building and civil
engineering.
Annex A describes a method for the determination of resistance to fragmentation of aggregates
for railway ballast.
Annex B gives alternative narrow range classifications for the Los Angeles test and the impact
test.
Annex C contains construction, operation and safety requirements for the impact tester.
Annex D describes a method for checking of the impact tester.
Annex E gives precision data.
Annex F contains a worked example of calculation of impact value SZ.
Annex G gives an alternative narrow range classification for the Los Angeles test of 16/32 mm
recycled aggregates.
Annex H proposes an additional sieve for the evaluation of the Los Angeles test for railway ballast.
Annex A is normative and Annexes B to H are informative.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates — Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory
samples
EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates — Part 5: Common equipment and calibration
EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size
distribution — Sieving method
EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution — Test sieves, nominal size of apertures
EN 1097-6, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates — Part 6: Determination of
particle density and water absorption
EN 10025-2:2004, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions
for non-alloy structural steels
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui
3.1
constant mass
mass determined after successive weighings at least 1 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 %
Note 1 to entry: In many cases, constant mass can be achieved after a test portion has been dried for a
pre-determined period in a specified oven (see 4.1.4) at (110 ± 5) °C. Test laboratories can determine the
time required to achieve constant mass for specific types and sizes of sample dependent upon the drying
capacity of the oven used.
3.2
impact value
SZ
value which gives a measure of the resistance of aggregates to dynamic crushing; it is equal to
one fifth of the sum of the mass percentages of the tested sample passing through five specified
test sieves when tested in accordance with Clause 6
3.3
laboratory sample
sample intended for laboratory testing
3.4
Los Angeles coefficient
LA, LA
RB
percentage of the mass of the test portion passing the 1,6 mm sieve after completion of the test
Note 1 to entry: The test portion fraction is 10/14 mm for LA in the main text and 31,5/50 mm for LA
RB
in Annex A (Railway Ballast).
3.5
test portion
sample used as a whole in a single test
3.6
test specimen
sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more than one determination
of a property
4 Apparatus
Unless otherwise stated, all apparatus shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5.
4.1 General apparatus
4.1.1 Test sieves, conforming to EN 933-2 with aperture sizes as specified in Table 1.
Table 1 — Test sieves
Test Aperture size
mm
Los Angeles 1,6; 10; 11,2 (or 12,5); 14
a
0,2; 0,63; 2; 5; 8; 10; 11,2; 12,5
Impact test
For alternative narrow range classifications, other sieves can be used (see Annex B).
a
For the impact test, because of the tolerances in the sieve openings, the same 8 mm test sieve
used for the preparation of the test portion should again be used for the evaluation of the test.
4.1.2 Guard sieve, e.g. 2 mm, 4 mm or 8 mm.
4.1.3 Balance, capable of weighing the test portion to an accuracy of 0,1 % of the mass of the
test portion.
4.1.4 Ventilated oven, controlled to maintain a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C.
4.1.5 Brush and bowls.
4.2 Additional apparatus required for determination of resistance to
fragmentation by the Los Angeles test method
4.2.1 Equipment, for reducing the laboratory sample to a test portion, as described in
EN 932-2.
4.2.2 Los Angeles test machine, comprising the following essential parts.
NOTE An example of a machine that has been found to be satisfactory is shown in Figure 1.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 internal length (508 ± 5)
2 internal diameter (711 ± 5)
3 shelf
4 cover and opening
5 rotation
6 tray
Figure 1 — Typical Los Angeles testing machine
+1,0
4.2.2.1 Hollow drum, made of structural steel plate ( ) mm thick conforming to grade
−05,
S275 of EN 10025-2:2004 which has been selected to be formed without undue stress, and can
be welded without significant distortion. The drum shall be closed at both ends. It shall have an
internal diameter of (711 ± 5) mm and an internal length of (508 ± 5) mm. The drum shall be
supported on two horizontal stub axles fixed to its two end walls but not penetrating inside the
drum; the drum shall be mounted so that it rotates about a horizontal axis.
An opening (150 ± 3) mm wide shall be provided, preferably over the whole length of the drum,
to facilitate insertion and removal of the sample after the test. During the test, the opening shall
be sealed so that it is dustproof, by using a removable cover which enables the inside surface to
remain cylindrical.
The cylindrical inner surface shall be interrupted by a projecting shelf, placed between 380 mm
and 820 mm from the nearest edge of the opening. The distance shall be measured along the
inside of the drum in the direction of rotation. The shelf shall have a rectangular cross section
(length equal to that of the drum, width (90 ± 2) mm, thickness (25 ± 1) mm) and it shall be
placed in a diametrical plane, along a generating line, and shall be rigidly fixed in place.
The shelf shall be replaced when its width at any point wears to less than 86 mm and its thickness
at any point along the front edge wears to less than 23 mm.
The base of the machine shall be supported directly on a level concrete or stone block floor.
The removable cover should be made of the same steel as the drum. The projecting shelf should
be made of the same steel or a harder grade.
4.2.2.2 Ball load, consisting of 11 spherical steel balls. Each ball shall weigh between 400 g
and 445 g, and the total load shall weigh between 4 690 g and 4 860 g.
NOTE 1 The approximate diameter of balls is 47 mm.
NOTE 2 The nominal mass of the charge with new balls is 4 840 g. A positive tolerance of 20 g allows for
manufacturing variation and a negative tolerance of 150 g allows for ball wear in use.
NOTE 3 A hardness of the steel balls between HRC 60 and HRC 66 is suitable.
4.2.2.3 Motor, imparting a rotational speed to the drum of between 31 r/min and 33 r/min.
4.2.2.4 Tray, for recovering the material and the ball load after testing.
4.2.2.5 Revolution counter, which will automatically stop the motor after the required
number of revolutions.
4.3 Additional apparatus required for determination of resistance to
fragmentation by the impact test method
4.3.1 Impact tester, see Annex C.
4.3.2 Equipment for testing the accuracy of the impact tester, see Annex D.
5 Determination of resistance to fragmentation by the Los Angeles test
method
5.1 Principle
A sample of aggregate is rolled with steel balls in a rotating drum. After rolling is complete, the
quantity of material retained on a 1,6 mm sieve is determined.
5.2 Preparation of test portion
A laboratory sample shall be obtained in accordance with EN 932-2. The mass of the laboratory
sample shall have at least 15 kg of particles in the 10 mm to 14 mm size range.
The test shall be carried out on aggregate passing the 14 mm test sieve and retained on the 10 mm
test sieve. In addition, the grading of the test portion shall comply with at least one of the
following requirements:
a) between 60 % and 70 % passing a 12,5 mm test sieve;
b) between 30 % and 40 % passing a 11,2 mm test sieve.
NOTE 1 The additional grading requirements allow the test portion to be created from aggregate sizes
other than 10/14 mm (see Annex B).
NOTE 2 For recycled aggregates, a test procedure for the 16/32 mm size fraction is described in
Annex G. Table G.1 will be completed in the future with additional sizes if needed.
Sieve the laboratory sample using the 10 mm, 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) and 14 mm test sieves to
give separate fractions in the ranges 10 mm to 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) and 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm)
to 14 mm.
Wash each fraction on the sieve defining the lower limit of the size fraction. Dry the fractions to
constant mass at (110 ± 5) °C.
For temperature-sensitive recycled aggregates, a drying temperature of (40 ± 5) °C should be
used.
Allow the fractions to cool to ambient temperature. Mix the two fractions to provide a modified
10 mm to 14 mm laboratory sample which complies with the appropriate additional grading
requirement given above.
Reduce the modified laboratory sample prepared from the mixed fractions to test portion size in
accordance with EN 932-2. The test portion shall have a mass of (5 000 ± 5) g.
It is also acceptable to directly reduce the mass of each individual size fraction to its required
mass in the test portion.
5.3 Test procedure
Check that the drum is clean before loading the sample. Carefully place the balls in the machine,
then the test portion. Replace the cover and rotate the machine for 500 revolutions at a constant
speed between 31 r/min and 33 r/min.
Discharge the content of the drum into a tray placed under the apparatus, taking care that the
opening is just above the tray in order to avoid losing any material. Clean out the drum, collecting
all particles, paying particular attention around the projecting shelf. Carefully remove the ball
load from the tray, taking care not to lose any aggregate particles.
Sieve the retained material on the tray on the 1,6 mm test sieve, protected by appropriate guard
sieves, according to EN 933-1.
Wash the material retained on the guard sieves and the 1,6 mm test sieve in a stream of clean
water. Place the aggregate particles retained on the guard sieves and the 1,6 mm test sieve into a
bowl.
Dry the portion placed in the bowl at a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C (or (40 ± 5) °C, see 5.2) until
a constant mass is achieved. Allow the fractions to cool to ambient temperature. Record the mass,
m, to the nearest gram.
5.4 Calculation and expression of results
Calculate the Los Angeles coefficient LA from the following formula:
5 000− m
(1)
LA=
where
m is the mass retained on the 1,6 mm sieve, in grams.
Report the result to the nearest whole number.
NOTE A statement on the precision of the Los Angeles test is given in Annex E.
5.5 Test report
5.5.1 Required data
The test report shall include the following information:
a) reference to this European standard (including its year of publication);
b) identification of the laboratory sample, including the origin of the sample;
c) identification of the laboratory;
d) date of test;
e) Los Angeles coefficient, LA, to the nearest whole number, calculated according to 5.4;
f) deviations from the reference method – if any;
g) any unusual features observed.
5.5.2 Optional data
The test report may include the following information:
a) reference to the chosen sampling procedure;
b) reference to the chosen sample reduction procedure;
c) mass of the test portion;
d) used size fractions to form the test portion 10/14 mm;
e) sampling report, if available;
f) sample reception date if different from sampling date;
g) other influencing parameters.
6 Determination of resistance to fragmentation by the impact test method
6.1 Principle
A test specimen is placed in a steel cylinder and subjected to ten impacts from a hammer of mass
50 kg, falling from a specified height. The amount of fragmentation caused by the ten impacts is
measured by sieving the test specimen using five specified test sieves.
6.2 Preparation of test specimens
6.2.1 The laboratory sample shall contain at least 5 kg of the size fraction 8 mm to 10 mm and
2,5 kg of each of the size fractions 10 mm to 11,2 mm and 11,2 mm to 12,5 mm.
6.2.2 A quantity of the size fractions 8 mm to 10 mm, 10 mm to 11,2 mm and 11,2 mm to
12,5 mm sufficient for at least three test specimens (see 6.2.3 and 6.2.4) shall be prepared from
the laboratory sample using the sieves 8 mm, 10 mm, 11,2 mm and 12,5 mm specified in 4.1.1.
Wash each fraction on the sieve defining the lower limit of the size fraction. Dry the fractions to
constant mass at (110 ± 5) °C. Allow the fractions to cool to ambient temperature.
For temperature-sensitive recycled aggregates, a drying temperature of (40 ± 5) °C should be
used.
6.2.3 Material for at least three test specimens shall be recombined as follows and three test
specimens shall be tested (see 6.2.4). The test specimens shall be composed of 50 % of the size
fraction 8 mm to 10 mm, 25 % of the size fraction 10 mm to 11,2 mm and 25 % of the size fraction
11,2 mm to 12,5 mm and be weighed to the nearest 0,5 g. The three fractions shall be mixed
thoroughly prior to weighing of the test specimen as described in 6.2.4.
6.2.4 The nominal mass M of the test specimen in kilograms shall be 0,5 times the value of the
pre-dried particle density in megagrams per cubic metre as determined in accordance with
EN 1097-6 on a sample composed as specified in 6.2.3.
If this particle density is known from previous tests, that result can be used.
For each test specimen the quantities, in kilograms, are:
a) size fraction 8 mm to 10 mm: 0,25 times the particle density;
b) size fraction 10 mm to 11,2 mm: 0,125 times the particle density;
c) size fraction 11,2 mm to 12,5 mm: 0,125 times the particle density.
The mass of a test specimen, referred to as M , prior to the testing shall not differ by more than
1 % from the nominal mass M.
6.3 Test procedure
6.3.1 The test specimen shall be poured into the mortar of the impact test machine and its
surface roughly evened by hand without jigging. The pestle shall be pressed by the corresponding
device onto the test specimen and the hammer lifted up to a height of 370 mm ± 1 mm. The test
specimen shall then be subjected to ten blows by the hammer.
6.3.2 After the blows, lift up the pestle and take the mortar out of the apparatus. Then pass the
crushed sample carefully into a bowl. Any fine particles adhering to the mortar shall be swept
into the bowl with the brush and the test specimen shall subsequently be weighed.
6.3.3 The crushed test specimen shall be sieved in accordance with EN 933-1 on the following
five test sieves: 0,2 mm, 0,63 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm.
The fraction retained on the five test sieves and the pan shall be weighed to the nearest 0,5 g.
6.3.4 If the total mass of the test specimen after sieving differs from the mass M by more than
0,5 %, this result shall be discarded and the test shall be carried out on a new test specimen.
6.4 Calculation and expression of results
Calculate the mass retained on each of the five test sieves and on the pan, for each test specimen,
as a percentage of the mass, M, of the test specimen before testing. Calculate from this the
percentage masses passing the five sieves.
Add up the percentage masses passing each of the five test sieves to give the sum of percentage
masses M.
Calculate the impact value SZ from the following formula (see Clause 3 and the worked example
given in Annex F):
M
SZ= % (2)
where
M is the sum of the percentages of the mass passing each of the five test sieves.

NOTE A statement on the precision of the impact test is given in Annex E.
6.5 Test report
6.5.1 Required data
The test report shall include the following information:
a) reference to this European standard including its year of publication;
b) identification of the laboratory sample, including the origin of the sample;
c) identification of the laboratory;
d) date of test;
e) size fractions from which the test portion was obtained;
f) pre-dried particle density of the size fraction 8 mm to 12,5 mm rounded to 0,01 Mg/m and
determined in accordance with EN 1097-6;
g) test result (impact value SZ, together with results of single tests specimens rounded to 0,01 %
and mean value rounded to 0,1 %), calculated according to 6.4;
h) deviations from the procedure described in Clause 6 – if any;
i) any unusual features observed.
6.5.2 Optional data
The test report may include the following information:
a) reference to the chosen sampling procedure;
b) reference to the chosen sample reduction procedure;
c) mass of the test portion;
d) sampling report, if available;
e) sample reception date if different from sampling date;
f) other influencing parameters.
Annex A
(normative)
Determination of resistance to fragmentation
of aggregates for railway ballast
A.1 Apparatus
Unless otherwise stated, all apparatus shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5.
A.1.1 General apparatus
A.1.1.1 Test sieves, conforming to EN 933-2 with aperture sizes as specified in Table A.1.
Table A.1 — Test sieves
Test Aperture size
mm
Los Angeles test 1,6; 8 (or 16); 31,5; 40; 50
Impact test 8; 31,5; 40
A.1.1.2 A guard sieve, e.g. 2 mm, 4 mm or 8 mm can be used to protect the 1,6 mm sieve.
A.1.1.3 Balance, capable of weighing the test portion to an accuracy of 0,1 % of the mass of
the test portion.
A.1.1.4 Ventilated oven, controlled to maintain a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C.
A.1.1.5 Brush and bowls.
A.1.2 Additional apparatus required for the determination of resistance to
fragmentation by the Los Angeles test method
A.1.2.1 Equipment, for reducing the laboratory sample to a test portion, as described in
EN 932-2.
A.1.2.2 Los Angeles test machine, comprising the following essential parts.
NOTE An example of a machine that has been found to be satisfactory is shown in Figure A.1.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 internal length (508 ± 5)
2 internal diameter (711 ± 5)
3 shelf
4 cover and opening
5 rotation
6 tray
Figure A.1 — Typical Los Angeles testing machine
+1,0
A.1.2.2.1 Hollow drum, made of structural steel plate ( ) mm thick conforming to grade
−05,
S275 of EN 10025-2:2004 which has been selected to be formed without undue stress, and can
be welded without significant distortion. The drum shall be closed at both ends. It shall have an
internal diameter of (711 ± 5) mm and an internal length of (508 ± 5) mm. The drum shall be
supported on two horizontal stub axles fixed to its two end walls but not penetrating inside the
drum; the drum shall be mounted so that it rotates about a horizontal axis.
An opening (150 ± 3) mm wide shall be provided, preferably over the whole length of the drum,
to facilitate insertion and removal of the sample after the test. During the test, the opening shall
be sealed so that it is dustproof, by using a removable cover which enables the inside surface to
remain cylindrical.
The cylindrical inner surface shall be interrupted by a projecting shelf, placed between 380 mm
and 820 mm from the nearest edge of the opening. The distance shall be measured along the
inside of the drum in the direction of rotation. The shelf shall have a rectangular cross section
(length equal to that of the drum, width (90 ± 2) mm, thickness (25 ± 1) mm) and it shall be
placed in a diametrical plane, along a generating line, and shall be rigidly fixed in place.
The shelf shall be replaced when its width at any point wears to less than 86 mm and its thickness
at any point along the front edge wears to less than 23 mm.
The base of the machine shall be supported directly on a level concrete or stone block floor.
The removable cover should be made of the same steel as the drum. The projecting shelf should
be made of the same steel or a harder grade.
A.1.2.2.2 Ball load, consisting of 12 spherical steel balls, each ball shall weigh between 400 g
and 445 g, and the total load shall weigh between 5 120 g and 5 300 g.
NOTE 1 The approximate diameter of balls is 47 mm.
NOTE 2 The nominal mass of the charge with new balls is 5 280 g. A positive tolerance of 20 g allows for
manufacturing variation and a negative tolerance of 160 g allows for ball wear in use.
NOTE 3 A hardness of the steel balls between HRC 60 and HRC 66 is suitable as specified in
EN ISO 6508-1:2016.
A.1.2.2.3 Motor, imparting a rotational speed to the drum of between 31 r/min and 33 r/min.
A.1.2.2.4 Trays, for recovering and dividing the test portion after testing.
A.1.2.2.5 Revolution counter, which will automatically stop the motor after the required
number of revolutions.
A.1.3 Additional apparatus required for the determination of resistance to
fragmentation by the impact test method
A.1.3.1 Impact tester, see Annex C.
A.1.3.2 Equipment for testing the accuracy of the impact tester, see Annex D.
Annexes C and D are informative and do not contain any normative provisions for the application
of this European standard. However, it is strongly recommended that all the informative
provisions of these annexes be observed when carrying out the test specified in A.3.
A.2 Determination of resistance to fragmentation by the Los Angeles test
method
A.2.1 Principle
A sample of aggregate is rolled with steel balls in a rotating drum. After rolling is complete, the
quantity of material retained on a 1,6 mm sieve is determined.
A.2.2 Preparation of test portion
The mass of the laboratory sample shall have at least 15 kg of particles in the 31,5 mm to 50 mm
size range.
The test shall be carried out on aggregates passing the 50 mm test sieve and retained on the
31,5 mm test sieve.
Sieve the laboratory sample using the 31,5 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm test sieves to give separate
fractions in the ranges 31,5 mm to 40 mm and 40 mm to 50 mm. Wash each fraction on the sieve
defining the lower limit of the size fraction. Dry the fractions to constant mass at (110 ± 5) °C.
Allow the fractions to cool to ambient temperature.
Reduce the mass of the fractions in accordance with EN 932-2. Each fraction shall have a mass of
(5000 ± 50) g. Mix the two fractions to provide a 31,5 mm to 50 mm test portion. The test portion
shall have a mass, m , of (10 000 ± 100) g.
It is also acceptable to directly reduce the mass of each individual size fraction to its required
mass in the test portion.
A.2.3 Test procedure
Check that the drum is clean before loading the sample. Carefully place the balls in the machine,
then the test portion. Replace the cover and rotate the machine for 1 000 revolutions at a constant
speed between 31 r/min and 33 r/min.
Pour the aggregate into a tray placed under the apparatus, taking care that the opening is just
above the tray in order to avoid losing any material. Clean out the drum, removing all fines, paying
particular attention around the projecting shelf. Carefully remove the ball load from the tray,
taking care not to lose any aggregate particles.
Divide the test portion in the tray into two parts using a test sieve of appropriate size, e.g. 8 mm
or 16 mm. Using an appropriate guard sieve, wash the coarser part on the 1,6 mm test sieve in a
stream of clean water, and dry the material retained on the sieve in the oven to constant mass.
Sieve the finer part on the 1,6 mm test sieve as far as possible. Then, wash the remaining material
on the 1,6 mm test sieve in a stream of clean water, and dry it in the oven to constant mass.
After cooling at ambient temperature, combine the dried parts and record their total mass, m , to
the nearest gram.
A.2.4 Calculation and expression of results
Calculate the Los Angeles coefficient LA from the following formula:
RB
LA 100×−1 m / m (A.1)
( )
RB 2 1
where
m is the initial dry mass of the test portion, in grams;
m is the dry mass retained on the 1,6 mm sieve after fragmentation, in grams.
Report the result to the nearest whole number.
A.2.5 Test report
A.2.5.1 Required data
The test report shall include the following information:
a) reference to this European standard (including its year of publication);
b) identification of the laboratory sample, including the origin of the sample;
c) identification of the laboratory;
d) date of test;
e) Los Angeles coefficient, LA , to the nearest whole number, calculated according to A.2;
RB
f) deviations from the reference method as described in A.2 – if any;
g) any unusual features observed.
=
A.2.5.2 Optional data
The test report may include the following information:
a) reference to the chosen sampling procedure;
b) reference to the chosen sample reduction procedure;
c) mass of the test portion;
d) sampling report, if available;
e) sample reception date if different from sampling date;
f) other influencing parameters;
g) test result according to Annex H, if relevant.
A.3 Determination of resistance to fragmentation by the impact test
method
A.3.1 Principle
A test specimen is placed in a steel cylinder and subjected to twenty impacts from a hammer of
mass 50 kg, falling from a specified height. The amount of fragmentation caused by the twenty
impacts is measured by sieving the test specimen using the 8 mm test sieve.
A.3.2 Preparation of test specimens
A.3.2.1 A laboratory sample shall be obtained in accordance with EN 932-2. The sample shall
contain at least 10 kg of the size fraction 31,5 mm to 40 mm.
A.3.2.2 A quantity of the size fraction 31,5 mm to 40 mm sufficient for at least three test
specimens shall be prepared from the laboratory sample using the sieves 31,5 mm and 40 mm
specified in 4.1.1. This quantity shall be washed in accordance with EN 933-1, dried at
(110 ± 5) °C to constant mass and left to cool to between 15 °C and 35 °C.
A.3.2.3 Material for at least three test specimens shall be used. The mass of each 31,5 mm to
40 mm test specimen in kilograms shall be 1,05 times the value of the particle density of particles
saturated to constant mass in megagrams per cubic metre as determined in accordance with the
corresponding clause of EN 1097-6.
If this particle density is known from previous tests, that result can be used.
The mass of a test specimen, referred to as M, prior to the testing shall not differ by more than
1 % from the nominal mass.
A.3.3 Test procedure
A.3.3.1 The test specimen shall be poured into the mortar of the impact test machine and its
surface roughly evened by hand without jigging. The pestle shall be pressed by the corresponding
device onto the test specimen and the hammer lifted up to a height of 420 mm. The test specimen
shall then be subjected to twenty blows by the hammer.
A.3.3.2 After the blows, lift up the pestle and take the mortar out of the apparatus. Then pass
the crushed sample carefully into a bowl. Any fine particles adhering to the mortar shall be swept
into the bowl with the brush and the test specimen shall subsequently be weighed.
A.3.3.3 The crushed test specimen shall be sieved in accordance with EN 933-1 on the 8 mm
sieve specified in A.1.1.1.
The fraction passing the 8 mm sieve shall be weighed to the nearest 0,5 g and referred to as M .
A.3.3.4 If the total mass of the test specimen after sieving differs from the original mass by
more than 0,5 %, the impact test shall be carried out on a further test specimen.
A.3.4 Calculation and expression of results
Calculate the mass pa
...