prEN ISO 7278-2
(Main)Petroleum measurement systems - Part 2: Pipe prover design, calibration and operation (ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021)
Petroleum measurement systems - Part 2: Pipe prover design, calibration and operation (ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021)
Flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe - Dynamische Messung - Prüfsysteme für volumetrische Meßgeräte - Teil 2: Rohrprüfer (ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021)
Merilni sistemi za nafto - 2. del: Načrtovanje, kalibracija in delovanje merilnika cevi (ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021)
General Information
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Standards Content (sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 7278-2:2022
01-januar-2022
Merilni sistemi za nafto - 2. del: Načrtovanje, kalibracija in delovanje merilnika cevi
(ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021)Petroleum measurement systems - Part 2: Pipe prover design, calibration and operation
(ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021)Flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe - Dynamische Messung - Prüfsysteme für volumetrische
Meßgeräte - Teil 2: Rohrprüfer (ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 7278-2
ICS:
75.180.30 Oprema za merjenje Volumetric equipment and
prostornine in merjenje measurements
oSIST prEN ISO 7278-2:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 7278-2:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 7278-2
ISO/TC 28/SC 2 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-11-18 2022-02-10
Petroleum measurement systems —
Part 2:
Pipe prover design, calibration and operation
ICS: 75.180.30
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
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STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 7278-2:2022
ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 7278-2:2022
ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units ......................................................................................................................................... 1
3.1 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3.2 Symbols and units ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Design classification of pipe provers .............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Common features ................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 Sphere provers ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.2.2 Unidirectional Sphere Provers .................. .......................................................................................................... 11
4.2.3 Bidirectional sphere provers ................................................................................................................................12
4.3 Piston provers ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.3.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................................................13
4.3.2 Unidirectional Piston provers ............................................................................................................................. 14
4.3.3 Bidirectional piston provers ................................................................................................................................. 14
5 Operational classification of provers .........................................................................................................................................14
5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
5.2 Conventional prover ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
5.3 Reduced volume prover ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.4 Small volume prover (SVP) ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
6 Design ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................18
6.1 General considerations................................................................................................................................................................. 18
6.2 Prover barrel ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
6.2.1 End chambers (Launch and Receive Chambers) ................................................................................. 19
6.2.2 Run-in length ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.2.3 Prover pipe or barrel ...................................................................................................................................................20
6.2.4 Internal Finish ...................................................................................................................................................................20
6.3 Small volume piston provers................................................................................................................................................... 21
6.4 Sizing of provers .................................................................................................................................................................................22
6.4.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................................................22
6.4.2 Calibrated volume ..........................................................................................................................................................23
6.4.3 Length between detectors ...................................................................................................................................... 23
6.4.4 Diameter and Velocity ................................................................................................................................................ 24
6.4.5 Pressure loss ....................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.5 Displacers ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
6.5.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.5.2 Spheres ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.5.3 Pistons ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
6.6 Displacer Velocity ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................ 26
6.6.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................................................26
6.6.2 Minimum Velocity ..........................................................................................................................................................26
6.6.3 Maximum Velocity ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
6.7 Detectors................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
6.8 Prover valves .........................................................................................................................................................................................28
6.9 Additional design considerations .......................................................................................................................................29
7 Ancillary equipment .....................................................................................................................................................................................30
7.1 Temperature and pressure measurement ..................................................................................................................30
7.1.1 Temperature measurement ................................................................................................................................... 30
7.1.2 Pressure measurement ............................................................................................................................................. 31
7.2 Calibration connections............................................................................................................................................................... 31
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oSIST prEN ISO 7278-2:2022
ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021(E)
7.3 System control ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
8 Pulse interpolation .........................................................................................................................................................................................32
9 Installation ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................32
9.1 Mechanical installation................................................................................................................................................................ 32
9.1.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
9.1.2 Fixed Provers ...................................................................................................................................................................... 35
9.1.3 Mobile Provers ..................................................................................................................................................................36
9.2 Electrical installation .................................................................................................................................................................... 36
9.3 Other installation requirements.......................................................................................................................................... 36
10 Traceability ............................................................................................................................................................................................................37
11 Calibration ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................39
11.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................39
11.2 Calibration Circuits and equipment .................................................................................................................................. 39
11.3 Water draw calibration method ........................................................................................................................................... 41
11.3.1 Description ........................................................................................................................................................................... 41
11.3.2 Volumetric measure as reference ..................................................................................................................... 42
11.3.3 Gravimetric as reference ..........................................................................................................................................44
11.4 Master meter calibration method .......................................................................................................................................46
11.5 Sequential master meter method .......................................................................................................................................49
11.6 Concurrent master meter method .....................................................................................................................................50
11.7 Calibration procedures ................................................................................................................................................................ 50
12 Operation to prove a flowmeter .......................................................................................................................................................50
12.1 Setting up a prover ...........................................................................................................................................................................50
12.1.1 Mobile prover prior to arrival on site. .......................................................................................................... 51
12.1.2 Mobile prover on arrival on site ........................................................................................................................ 51
12.2 Stabilizing temperature .............................................................................................................................................................. 51
12.3 Periodical checks of factors affecting accuracy ..................................................................................................... 52
12.4 Meter proving operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
12.5 Preliminary assessment of the results ......... .................................................................................................................. 53
12.6 Fault finding ...........................................................................................................................................................................................54
13 Safety .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................54
13.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................54
13.2 Permits ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
13.3 Opening End Chambers and Removing a Displacer ............................................................................................ 55
13.4 Special Precautions When Proving With LPG ......................................................................................................... 55
13.5 Fire precautions .................................................................................................................................................................................56
13.6 Miscellaneous safety precautions ......................................................................................................................................56
13.7 Safety records ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Annex A (Informative) Calculations ..................................................................................................................................................................57
Annex B (Informative) Selecting a Prover volume for a flowmeter ................................................................................68
Annex C (Informative) Acceptance criteria and Performance specification .........................................................70
Annex D (Informative) Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................................................................80
Annex E (Informative) Sphere or detector replacement and twin pairs of detectors. ................................86
Annex F (Informative) Pulse Interpolation. ..............................................................................................................................................88
Annex G (Informative) Alternative designs. .............................................................................................................................................92
Annex H Calibration procedures. ......................................................................................................................................................................94
Annex I (Informative) Example of prover calibration certificate ......................................................................................99
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 104
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oSIST prEN ISO 7278-2:2022
ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels
and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement of petroleum and
related products.This new edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7278 -2 1988), which has been technically
revised. It also cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO 7278-4, the content of which has been
incorporated. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:— The content and scope now covers the design of pipe provers given in ISO 7278-2 1988 and the
guidance for operators given in ISO 7278-4.— The inclusion of small volume provers as described in FDIS ISO 7278-5 which was not published or
now available— The document now provides guidance on best practice for the design and use of pipe, or displacement,
provers, the incorporation of small volume provers, and taking into account alternative standards
produced by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Institute (EI).
— This edition has been produced in conjunction with the Energy Institute and will be published as a
parallel Energy Institute document.Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 7278-2:2022
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Introduction
In the petroleum industry the term ‘proving’ is used to refer to the calibration of devices used in the
measurement of quantities of crude oil and petroleum products. Proving will use defined methods to
show, or prove, that the result falls within specified acceptance criteria. Proving provides an assurance
that the resultant measurement will provide an acceptable uncertainty for the duty.
A pipe prover, otherwise called a displacement prover, is a volumetric reference device providing
a calibration reference standard for flowmeters with an electronic pulsed output. The fluid remains
contained within the piping system and proving can be carried out dynamically at various flowrates
and pressures without interruption to the flow.Pipe provers are used extensively within petroleum industry to provide in situ calibration of flowmeters
used for fiscal, custody transfer and pipeline integrity applications. They are used with both crude and
refined oils but may be used with many other fluids within and outside the petroleum industry.
A pipe prover consists of a length of pipe, a section of which has had its internal volume determined
by calibration. A displacer, usually a piston or a tightly fitting sphere or ball, travels along this section
of pipe displacing an accurately determined volume of liquid. This volume can be compared with an
equivalent volume measured by the flowmeter under test.The calibrated volume of the prover is defined by detection of the displacer passing along the calibrated
section of pipe. Detectors sense the passage of the displacer indicating the start and end of travel
through the calibrated section and they trigger the counting of pulses, hence indicted volume measured,
from the flowmeter.Pipe provers are of different designs and are manufactured with a wide range of pipe diameters and
volumes. They are available for use as a part of a fiscal measurement system in fixed locations and as
mobile reference devicesAny type of flow meter giving a pulsed output may be calibrated however the volume, design and type
of the prover may impose limitations on the type and size of meter which would be compatible.
This guide describes the design, construction, calibration and use of pipe provers primarily used for
the calibration, proving and verification of flowmeters used for liquid petroleum products and may be
applied to other liquid applications requiring a high standard of measurement accuracy.
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oSIST prEN ISO 7278-2:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 7278-2:2021(E)
Petroleum measurement systems —
Part 2:
Pipe prover design, calibration and operation
WARNING — The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety
and health practices.1 Scope
The guidance document provides descriptions of the different types of pipe provers, otherwise known
as displacement provers, currently in use. These include sphere (ball) provers and piston provers
operating in unidirectional and bidirectional forms. It applies to provers operated in conventional,
reduced volume, and small volume modes.The guidance document describes;
— the calibration methods, installation and use of pipe provers of each type.
— the interaction between a pipe prover and different types of flowmeters is described.
— the calculations used to derive the volumes of liquid (Annex A).— the expected acceptance criteria for fiscal and custody transfer applications are given as guidance
for both the calibration of pipe provers and when proving flowmeters (Annex C).The document covers the use of pipe provers for crude oils and light hydrocarbon products which are
liquid at ambient conditions. The principles will apply across applications for a wider range of liquids,
including water. This includes low vapour pressure, chilled and cryogenic products however use with
these products may require additional guidance.2 Normative references
There are no normative references.
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
ISO Online brows...
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