prEN 17206-3
(Main)Entertainment technology - Part 3: Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS/Drones) for stages and other production areas - Safety requirements and inspections
Entertainment technology - Part 3: Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS/Drones) for stages and other production areas - Safety requirements and inspections
This document applies to UAS and groups of UAS used in staging and production facilities for events and theatrical productions (entertainment industry). Such facilities include: theatres, multi-purpose halls, exhibition halls; film, television and radio studios; concert halls, schools, bars, discotheques, open-air stages and other rooms for shows and events.
This document covers all UAS used in the entertainment industry, indoors and outdoors. This document includes UAS that are excluded from the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1058 and (EU) 2019/945 specifically Article 2, 4 which excludes "UAS intended to be exclusively operated indoors".
The document defines the additional hazards and safety requirements for UAS categorized under the "open" category, the "specific" category, and the "certified" category, in particular, those that occur from the specific characteristics of the payload and the environment in the entertainment industry.
The principles in this document also apply to UAS based on new technologies or specially designed UAS which are not expressly mentioned here but which nevertheless operate in a similar manner or are meant for similar purposes to the equipment listed above.
Veranstaltungstechnik - Unbemannte Luftfahrzeugsysteme (UAS) für Bühnen und andere Produktionsbereiche - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfungen
Dieses Dokument gilt für UAS und Gruppen von UAS, die in Bühnen- und Produktionsbereichen für Veranstal
tungen und Theaterproduktionen (Unterhaltungsindustrie) eingesetzt werden. Beispiele für solche Bereiche sind: Theater, Mehrzweckhallen, Messehallen; Film-, Fernseh- und Rundfunkstudios; Konzerthallen, Schulen, Bars, Diskotheken, Open-Air-Bühnen und andere Räume, die für Shows und Veranstaltungen genutzt werden.
Dieses Dokument umfasst alle UAS, die in der Unterhaltungsindustrie im Innen- und Außenbereich eingesetzt werden. Dieses Dokument gilt auch für UAS, die nicht von den Delegierten Verordnungen (EU)2020/1058 und (EU)2019/945 der Kommission abgedeckt sind, deren Geltungsbereich nach Artikel2, Ziffer4, UAS, die aus
schließlich für den Betrieb in Innenräumen bestimmt sind, nicht umfasst.
Das Dokument definiert die zusätzlichen Gefährdungen und sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen für UAS, die der „offenen“ Kategorie, der „spezifischen“ Kategorie oder der „zertifizierten“ Kategorie zugeordnet sind, insbesondere solche, die sich aus den spezifischen Eigenschaften der Nutzlast und der Umgebung in der Unter
haltungsindustrie ergeben.
Die in diesem Dokument enthaltenen Grundsätze gelten auch für UAS, die auf neuen Technologien basieren, und Sonderausführungen von UAS, die hier nicht ausdrücklich erwähnt sind, jedoch auf ähnliche Art funktionieren oder für ähnliche Zwecke wie die oben aufgeführten Systeme vorgesehen sind.
Technologies du spectacle — Partie 3 : Aéronefs télépilotés (UAS/drones) pour scènes et autres zones de production — Exigences et inspections relatives à la sécurité
Le présent document s’applique aux UAS et groupes d’UAS utilisés dans les installations de mise en scène et de production pour les événements et les productions théâtrales (industrie du spectacle). Ces installations comprennent : les théâtres, les salles polyvalentes, les salles d’exposition ; les studios de cinéma, de télévision et de radio ; les salles de concert, les écoles, les bars, les discothèques, les scènes en plein air et autres salles de spectacles et d’événements.
Le présent document couvre tous les UAS utilisés dans l’industrie du spectacle, en intérieur et en extérieur. Le présent document inclut les UAS qui sont exclus des Règlements délégués (UE) 2020/1058 et (UE) 2019/945 de la Commission, en particulier l’Article 2, 4 qui exclut « les UAS destinés à être exclusivement exploités en intérieur ».
Le document définit les phénomènes dangereux et les exigences de sécurité supplémentaires pour les UAS catégorisés dans la catégorie « ouverte », la catégorie « spécifique » et la catégorie « certifiée », en particulier ceux qui découlent des caractéristiques spécifiques de la charge utile et de l’environnement dans l’industrie du spectacle.
Les principes du présent document s’appliquent également aux UAS basés sur de nouvelles technologies ou aux UAS spécialement conçus qui ne sont pas expressément mentionnés ici, mais qui fonctionnent néanmoins de manière similaire ou sont destinés à des fins similaires aux équipements énumérés ci-dessus.
Razvedrilna tehnologija - 3. del: Letalski sistemi brez posadke (UAS/droni) za odre in druge prireditvene prostore - Varnostne zahteve in pregledi
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2025
Razvedrilna tehnologija - 3. del: Letalski sistemi brez posadke (UAS/droni) za odre
in druge prireditvene prostore - Varnostne zahteve in pregledi
Entertainment technology - Part 3: Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS/Drones) for stages
and other production areas - Safety requirements and inspections
Veranstaltungstechnik - Unbemannte Luftfahrzeugsysteme (UAS) für Bühnen und
andere Produktionsbereiche - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfungen
Technologies du spectacle — Partie 3 : Aéronefs télépilotés (UAS/drones) pour scènes
et autres zones de production — Exigences et inspections relatives à la sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17206-3
ICS:
97.200.10 Gledališka, odrska in Theatre, stage and studio
studijska oprema ter delovne equipment
postaje
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2025
ICS 97.200.10
English Version
Entertainment technology - Part 3: Unmanned aircraft
systems (UAS/Drones) for stages and other production
areas - Safety requirements and inspections
Veranstaltungstechnik - Unbemannte
Luftfahrzeugsysteme (UAS) für Bühnen und andere
Produktionsbereiche - Sicherheitstechnische
Anforderungen und Prüfungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 433.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17206-3:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Hazards . 10
4.1 General. 10
4.2 List of significant hazards . 11
5 Design requirements . 14
5.1 General. 14
5.2 Load assumptions . 15
5.3 UAS lighter than air . 15
5.4 Performance and design requirements . 16
5.4.1 Sharp edges . 16
5.4.2 Crashworthiness . 16
5.4.3 Tethering . 16
5.5 Load bearing equipment . 16
5.5.1 General. 16
5.5.2 Terminal fittings . 16
5.6 Load carrying devices . 16
6 Safeguarding hazardous areas . 17
6.1 General. 17
6.2 Safeguarding at crushing, shearing and trapping points, and fall protection . 17
7 Electrical equipment and control systems . 17
7.1 General requirements . 17
7.1.1 General. 17
7.1.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 19
7.1.3 Ambient air temperature and humidity . 19
7.1.4 Protection against electric shock . 19
7.2 Control circuits and control functions . 19
7.2.1 General. 19
7.2.2 Control devices . 19
7.2.3 Enabling devices . 20
7.2.4 Cable-less control of UAS . 20
7.2.5 Groups of UAS . 20
7.2.6 Follow-me mode and UAS interacting with persons . 20
7.3 Emergency Stop, loss of power and removal of power . 20
7.4 Maximum load and overload protection . 21
7.4.1 UAS not designed to lift loads . 21
7.4.2 UAS designed to lift loads . 21
7.5 Direct Remote identification requirements . 21
7.6 Geo-awareness requirements . 21
7.7 Lighting requirements . 21
8 User information . 22
8.1 General . 22
8.2 Instructions for use . 22
8.2.1 General wind . 22
8.2.2 User information for safety functions . 22
8.2.3 Outdoor use . 22
8.2.4 Loss of synchronization/group operation . 22
8.2.5 Coordinated move . 23
8.3 Marking . 23
8.4 Load-carrying device . 23
9 Testing . 23
Annex A (informative) Examples of hazards and risk origin associated with UAS . 24
Annex B (normative) Use case definitions . 32
Annex C (informative) Designing safety functions for UAS. 34
Bibliography . 38
European foreword
This document (prEN 17206-3:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 433
“Entertainment Technology – Machinery, equipment and installations”, the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document specifies safety requirements within the meaning of Directive 42/2006/EC, “Machinery
Directive”.
This is the third part of the EN 17206 series. At present the parts of the document are:
— Part 1: Machinery for stages and other production areas — Safety requirements and inspections
— Part 2: Machinery for stages and other production areas — Safety requirements for stands and truss
lifts of stands
— Part 3: Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS/Drones) for stages and other production areas — Safety
requirements and inspections [the present document]
The deviations from EN 17206-1 specified in this part are based on the particular operating conditions
for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and cannot be applied to other machinery.
1 Scope
This document applies to UAS and groups of UAS used in staging and production facilities for events and
theatrical productions (entertainment industry). Such facilities include: theatres, multi-purpose halls,
exhibition halls; film, television and radio studios; concert halls, schools, bars, discotheques, open-air
stages and other rooms for shows and events.
This document covers all UAS used in the entertainment industry, indoors and outdoors. This document
includes UAS that are excluded from the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1058 and (EU)
2019/945 specifically Article 2, 4 which excludes “UAS intended to be exclusively operated indoors”.
The document defines the additional hazards and safety requirements for UAS categorized under the
“open” category, the “specific” category, and the “certified” category, in particular, those that occur from
the specific characteristics of the payload and the environment in the entertainment industry.
The principles in this document also apply to UAS based on new technologies or specially designed UAS
which are not expressly mentioned here but which nevertheless operate in a similar manner or are
meant for similar purposes to the equipment listed above.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
FprEN 4709-001:— , Aerospace series — Unmanned Aircraft Systems — Part 001: Product requirements
and verification
EN 4709-002, Aerospace series — Unmanned Aircraft Systems — Part 002: Direct Remote Identification
FprEN 4709-003:— , Aerospace series — Unmanned Aircraft Systems — Part 003: Geo-awareness
requirements
FprEN 4709-004:— , Aerospace series — Unmanned Aircraft Systems — Part 004: Lighting requirements
EN 17206:2020, Entertainment technology — Machinery for stages and other production areas — Safety
requirements and inspections
EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
EN 60204-32, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
EN 61326-3-1, Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use — EMC requirements —
Part 3-1: Immunity requirements for safety-related systems and for equipment intended to perform safety-
related functions (functional safety) — General industrial applications
EN 61508-2, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems —
Part 2: Requirements for electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems
EN 61508-5:2010, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related
systems — Part 5: Examples of methods for the determination of safety integrity levels
Under preparation. Current stage FprEN 4709-001:2024.
Under preparation. Current stage FprEN 4709-003:2023.
Under preparation. Current stage: FprEN 4709-004:2023.
EN IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity
standard for industrial environments(IEC 61000-6-2)
EN IEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards — Emission
standard for industrial environments(IEC 61000-6-4)
EN ISO 12100, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction(ISO 12100)
EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design(ISO 13850)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 17206-1 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
open category
category of UAS operation that, considering the risks involved, does not require a prior authorisation by
the competent authority nor a declaration by the UAS operator before the operation takes place
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.2
specific category
category of UAS operation that, considering the risks involved, requires an authorization by the
competent authority before the operation takes place and takes into account the mitigation measures
identified in an operational risk assessment, except for certain standard scenarios where a declaration
by the operator is sufficient
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.3
certified category
category of UAS operation that, considering the risks involved, requires the certification of the UA, a
licensed remote pilot and an operator approved by the competent authority, in order to ensure an
appropriate level of safety
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.4
competent authority
authority responsible for the certification, authorization and oversight of UAS air operations where the
UAS operator has its principal place of business or place of residence
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.5
automatic control operational mode
control operational mode where the UA attitude, speed and flight path are fully controlled by the flight
control system
Note 1 to entry: No pilot input is needed to address flight control and vehicle steering, other than to load or
modify the required flight plan or waypoint parameters. C2 link performance and latency are not an issue for
control stability and guidance, besides situation awareness and collision avoidance issues. Examples of automatic
modes are waypoint path navigation, waypoint holding (hovering/loitering), automatic take-off, automatic
landing, followme mode, return to home, etc.
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.6
semi-automatic control operational mode
control operational mode where the remote pilot commands outer loop parameters such as altitude,
heading and UA speed in given values specified by the UA manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: The flight control system operates the UA controls to achieve the commanded outer loop
parameter value. Envelope flight protection and/or control decoupling functions should be in place in this control
operational mode. The flight manual shall clearly specify, for any possible/available control mode that is classified
as semi-automatic, for each degree of freedom, the level of involvement of the pilot to address control stability.
For assisted modes a higher latency on C2 link may be adequate (e.g. < 5 s) but vehicle steering is always pilot
direct responsibility. A wide range of flight control modes are semi-automatic, from low level attitude/rate
control, autopilot heading/speed/altitude control, velocity control; position control may be considered semi-
automatic if pilot input is transformed into position commands continuously (or an automatic mode if pilot inputs
only modify waypoint coordinates in on-board autopilot).
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.7
manual direct piloting control operational mode
control operational mode where the remote pilot directly commands UA controls (e.g. aerodynamic
surfaces through servo-actuators and engine through electronic speed control)
Note 1 to entry: This control mode does not benefit (as a general rule) of autopilot aiding action
(e.g. stability/control augmentation systems SAS/CAS, flight envelope protection FEP) and the pilot is also directly
responsible for vehicle stability (no hand-off control is allowed). Link performance and latency is critical
(e.g. < < 1 s).
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.8
maximum authorized mass
MAM
sum of the self weight of the UAS plus the weight of any approved attachments plus the maximum
declared ELL
Note 1 to entry Figure 1 illustrates the terms and an example of a UAS
Key
1 Propeller
2 Motor
3 Electronics (Battery, Controller and Transmitter)
Figure 1 — Example depiction of a UAS
3.9
load carrying device
part of the UAS which directly carries the intended load
3.10
load bearing equipment
assembly of load bearing elements
3.11
load bearing element
parts of the UAS between the load and the UAS anchor point
3.12
entertainment load limit
ELL
maximum load that an item of lifting equipment is designed to raise, lower or sustain
[SOURCE: EN 17206-1:2020]
3.13
safety integrity level
SIL
discrete level (one out of a possible four), corresponding to a range of safety integrity values, where
safety integrity level 4 has the highest level of safety integrity and safety integrity level 1 has the lowest
[SOURCE: EN 61508-4:2010, 3.5.8]
3.14
maximum take-off mass
MTOM
maximum take-off mass of the UA in the heaviest combination with accessories, payloads and batteries,
as defined by the manufacturer when placing the product on the market, at which the UA can be safely
operated
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.15
return home
home
fail safe function that upon loss of data link will direct the UA back to predefined home position
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.16
unmanned aircraft
UA
aircraft operating or designed to operate autonomously or to be piloted remotely without a pilot on
board
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.17
unmanned aircraft system
UAS
unmanned aircraft and its associated elements which are operated with no pilot on board
Note 1 to entry: ISO 21384-2.
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.18
tether
mechanical device for the purpose of effectively restraining the UA within the range permitted by the
length of the tether as its primary function
Note 1 to entry: A tether in the sense of this document is not any cable linking the UA to the ground e.g. an electric
cable powering the UA, even if it was the only source of power and a loss of connection would inevitably lead to a
loss of flight. However, the tether may be used to transmit electrical power to the UA as a secondary function.
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.29
holding
hovering for hovering capable aircraft, i.e., maintaining altitude and position; for fixed wing aircraft
holding corresponds to loitering, i.e., flying a minimum distance orbit around current position, at low
speed and holding altitude
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.20
automatic landing
automatic mode where the UA attempts an automatic landing or an emergency landing at the current
position
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.21
geo-awareness
function that, based on the data provided by Member States, detects a potential breach of airspace
limitations and alerts the remote pilots so that they can take immediate and effective action to prevent
that breach
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
3.22
follow-me mode
mode of operation of a UAS where the unmanned aircraft constantly follows the remote pilot within a
predetermined radius
[SOURCE: FprEN 4709-001:—]
4 Hazards
4.1 General
When designing and using UAS as in this document, all foreseeable hazards shall be identified.
Only competent persons shall be responsible for:
a) describing the intended use;
b) risk assessment.
After risk assessment has been carried out, the appropriate measures to be taken shall be established
for specific hazards. The risk assessment can be carried out on the basis of EN ISO 12100 or according
to the example hazards listed in Annex A. Suitable facilities and provisions to enable the recovery of
performers and other persons shall be provided in the event of any of the identified hazards occurring.
Hazards largely result from the respective design and mode of operation, in particular from:
— incorrect handling and operation;
— uncontrolled movements;
— concurrent motion of loads using more than one UAS, particularly involving differences in speed
and uneven load distribution;
— environmental hazards (e.g. weather conditions);
— hazard zones;
— limited visibility.
The following steps shall be taken when selecting protective measures:
a) specify the limits of the UAS (intended use, reasonably foreseeable misuse, space limits, the
foreseeable life limit, and wear factors);
b) identify hazards and estimate risks;
c) avoid hazards by means of inherently safe design measures and reduce risks as much as possible;
d) inform users of any residual risks (information for use).
4.2 List of significant hazards
Table 1 shows a list of significant hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result
in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. It also contains the relevant clauses in
this document that are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards.
Table 1 — List of Significant Hazards
Relevant clause(s) in this
Hazards
document
The significant hazards below are based upon EN 12100.
1 Mechanical hazards due to:
1.1 Acceleration, deceleration 5.1;
1.2 Angular parts 5.1; 5.4.1 5.4.2
1.3 Approach of moving element to a fixed part 5.1; 5.4.1 5.4.2
1.5 Elastic elements 5.1;
1.6 Falling objects 5.1; 5.4.2
1.7 Gravity 5.1; 5.4.2
1.8 Height from the ground 5.1; 5.4.2
1.9 High pressure 5.1; 5.3
1.10 Instability 5.1; 5.2; 5.5
1.11 Kinetic energy 5.1; 5.2; 5.5
1.12 Machinery mobility 5.1; 5.2; 5.3; 5.4; 5.5
1.13 Rotating elements 5.1; 5.4.1
1.14 Rough, slippery surface —
1.15 Sharp edges 5.1; 5.4.1
1.16 Stored energy 5.4.2
2 Electrical hazards due to:
2.1 Electromagnetic phenomena 7.1; 7.1.2
2.2 Electrostatic phenomena 7.1; 7.2.3; 7.2.4
2.3 Live parts 7.1; 7.1.4;
2.4 Loss of power source 5.1
2.5 Overload 7.1; 7.3
2.6 Parts which have become live under fault conditions 7.1; 7.1.4
2.7 Short-circuit 7.1; 7.1.4
2.8 Thermal radiation 7.1; 5.1; 5.3
3 Thermal hazards due to:
3.1 Explosion 7.1; 5.1; 5.3
Relevant clause(s) in this
Hazards
document
3.2 Flame 7.1; 5.1; 5.3
3.3 Objects or materials with high or low temperature —
3.4 Radiation from heat sources 7.1; 5.1; 5.3
4 Noise hazards due to:
4.1 Cavitation phenomena 5.1;
4.2 Exhausting system 5.1;
4.3 Gas leaking at high speed 5.1; 5.3
4.4 Manufacturing process (stamping, cutting, etc.) —
4.5 Moving parts 5.1;
4.6 Scraping surfaces —
4.7 Unbalanced rotating parts 5.1
4.8 Whistling pneumatics —
4.9 Worn parts —
5 Vibration hazards due to:
5.1 Cavitation phenomena 5.1; 5.2
5.2 Misalignment of moving parts 5.1
5.3 Mobile equipment 5.1; 5.2
5.4 Scraping surfaces —
5.5 Unbalanced rotating parts 5.1;
5.6 Vibrating equipment 5.1
5.7 Worn parts —
6 Radiation Hazards
6.1 Low frequency, radio frequency radiation 5.1;
6.2 Infrared, visible and ultraviolet lights 7.1.2
6.3 Lasers —
7 Material and substances Hazards
7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful 5.1; 5.3; 7.1
fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dust
7.2 Fire or explosion hazards 5.1; 5.3; 7.1
8 Ergonomic hazards
8.1 Access 6.1; 6.2;
8.2 Design or Location of indicators and visual display units 5.1;
8.3 Design, location or identification of control devices 5.1; 7.7
Relevant clause(s) in this
Hazards
document
8.4 Effort —
8.5 Human error, human behaviour —
8.6 Local lighting 5.1; 7.7
8.7 Mental overload/underload —
8.8 Posture —
8.9 Repetitive activity —
8.10 Visibility 5.1;
9 Hazards associated with the environment in which
the machine is used
9.1 Dust and fog —
9.2 Electromagnetic disturbance 7.1
9.3 Lightning 7.1
9.4 Moisture 7.1.3
9.5 Pollution —
9.6 Snow 5.1
9.7 Temperature 5.1; 5.3; 7.1.3
9.8 Water 5.1
9.9 Wind 5.1; 5.3; 5.4.3; 8.2.3; 9
9.10 Lack of oxygen 5.3
10 Combination of hazards
Additional hazards and hazardous events due to lifting procedures, load or machinery
collisions due to:
11 Unintentional movements hazards
11.1 Failure/malfunctioning of the control system 7.2.5
11.2 Software errors 7.2.2; 7.3
11.3 Uncontrolled movements 5.1; 7.3
11.4 Unintentional movement due to mechanical failure 5.1; 7.3
12 Improper use hazards
12.1 Unauthorised start-up 7.2.2; 7.3
12.2 Unauthorised use 7.2.2; 7.3
12.3 Improper operation 8
12.4 Insufficient instructions for the operator 8
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to lifting
Relevant clause(s) in this
Hazards
document
13 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events
13.1 Lack of stability 5.1; 5.2
13.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – overturning 5.1; 5.2; 7.4
moments exceeded
13.3 Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.1; 5.2; 7.4
13.4 Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.5; 5.6
13.5 Collision of more than one machine 7.2.2; 7.2.5; 8.2.4
13.6 From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1;
13.7 From inadequate design of pulleys, drums —
13.8 From unsuitable selection of chains, ropes, lifting and 5.5; 5.6
accessories and their inadequate integration into the
machine
13.9 From abnormal conditions of 8
assembly/testing/use/maintenance
13.10 From the effect of load on persons (impact by load or —
counterweight)
13.11 Incorrect arrangement of machinery parts 5.1;
13.12 Incorrect installation, testing, use and maintenance 8; 9
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to the lifting or moving of
persons
14 Mechanical and unintentional movement hazards
14.1 Inadequate mechanical strength – inadequate working 5.1; 5.2
coefficients
14.2 Failure/malfunctioning of the control system 7.3
14.3 Software errors 7.2.2; 7.2.3; 7.2.4; 7.2.5; 7.3
14.4 Uncontrolled movements 5.1; 5.2; 7.3
5 Design requirements
5.1 General
Unless otherwise specified in this document, the general requirements given in FprEN 4709-001 apply
to the design of indoor as well as to the design of outdoor UAS.
UAS with a maximum authorized mass [MAM] greater than 250 g shall not be designed to fly while
persons are present in the hazard zone unless a risk assessment in accordance with EN 12100 is
performed by a competent person. If the protective measures within the risk assessment include
electronic or software solutions, the risk assessment shall be in accordance with EN 61508-5 and
EN 12100. Additionally, a design assessment in accordance with EN 61508-2 shall take into account
both hardware redundancy and hardware fault tolerance. The minimum Hardware Fault Tolerance for
Safety and Hardware Fault Tolerance for Availability of the SRPCS shall be at least 1 for both of the
variables. For the purposes of clarification, this design requirement also applies when suspending or
lifting persons with UAS.
The design of a UAS installation shall ensure that unauthorised people are located outside of the hazard
zone and that they are not exposed to risks, with the exception of performers and for artistic
performance purposes only.
When the UAS are flying above the audience or public, the maximum level of injuries and multiple
fatalities shall be taken into account as additional penalizing points in the risk assessment.
When the UAS are flying above the audience or public, the probability of avoidance shall be set to the
highest penalizing score.
When flying above persons the hazards related to battery burning, power failure, motor failure and
signal failure are of utmost importance and those hazards shall be reduced to an adequate level as per
EN 12100.
The maximum speed of horizontal travel and the maximum allowed area of movement shall dictate the
limits of the hazardous zone.
The following FprEN 4709-001 requirements do not apply when using this document for UAS designed
for categories other than the open category.
— 4.2.1 (2) Maximum speed
— 4.2.3 (2) Pass criteria for maximum speed
The following FprEN 4709-001 requirements do not apply when designing UAS for indoor use only.
— Weather conditions for example wind or snow
5.2 Load assumptions
The lifting capacity (ELL) shall be half the calculated maximum take off mass [MTOM] as defined in
FprEN 4709-001. The calculation of the ELL shall include dynamic loads. The ELL shall also assume
forces related to maximum weather conditions, for example the load at the maximum wind declared in
the instructions for use. The ELL declaration for UAS for indoor use shall include maximum venue
ventilation conditions.
If no maximum venue ventilation conditions or weather conditions are declared by the manufacturer,
the UAS shall only operate under windless environmental circumstances.
It is permitted to declare different ELL for outdoor-use and indoor-use provided it is clearly indicated.
The manufacturer shall indicate the maximum size of the payload to not interfere with the operation of
the propellers and the aerodynamic effect.
5.3 UAS lighter than air
Unmanned aerial systems lighter than air (e.g. balloons) shall make sure that the material used cannot
be pierced under regular conditions.
NOTE 1 Regarding the indoor usage of the design of UAS lighter than air, local regulation and requirements can
apply.
NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to explosive atmosphere regulations and the ATEX directive.
The installation of UAS lighter than air in stages with pyro effects is not recommended.
The design of UAS lighter than air shall take into account thermal changes within the venue, ventilation
and behavioural changes when the venue is full.
When using UAS lighter than air outdoors the design shall accommodate a function to land the device in
any wind conditions to avoid escaping, even if this implies the destruction of the aircraft. This condition
shall be part of the risk assessment when considering injuries to the public.
When designing UAS lighter than air closer to public, audience and performers, the risk of suffocation
shall be reduced.
5.4 Performance and design requirements
5.4.1 Sharp edges
The requirements given in FprEN 4709-001 apply.
There shall be no sharp edges and points on the UA, including the propellers if they are uncaged. The
UAS shall be designed so that no entrapment is possible and propellers are exposed in such a way that
they should not make contact and they shall not create a severe injury.
5.4.2 Crashworthiness
The requirements given in FprEN 4709-001 apply.
Any damage or fault to the UA during operation, including a possible crash, shall not lead to injuries to
persons due to crushing, impact, fire or explosion.
5.4.3 Tethering
UAS for the entertainment industry shall not be designed with tethering located permanently above the
fly path of the UAS. Machinery in full compliance with EN 17206-1 and designed specifically for the
entertainment industry shall be the preferred design principle for those cases.
The design of tethering equipment below the fly path of the UAS is permitted provided there are no
alternative solutions with equipment compliant with EN 17206-1 that could meet the design
requirements. The lower cost of the UAS tethered device or the lower cost of the installation shall not be
a factor to prefer the UAS tethered option.
Tension on the tethering equipment caused by the UAS or expected wind conditions shall not lead to
damages or injuries. Electrical hazards shall be considered when using tethered UAS.
5.5 Load bearing equipment
5.5.1 General
The requirements given in EN 17206-1:2020, subclause 5.5, apply.
The design shall ensure that any allowed load-bearing equipment does not compromise the flying
capabilities of the UAS. Any modifications of the UAS external to the manufacturing design are not
permitted. For example, to attach a load. Load attachments shall be designed and provided as part of the
initial design by the manufacturer of the UAS.
5.5.2 Terminal fittings
End terminations of load-bearing equipment shall be accessible for visual inspection.
5.6 Load carrying devices
The requirements given in EN 17206-1:2020, subclause 5.7, apply.
UAS may be designed so as to support different types of load-carrying devices. The points of attachment
for load-carrying devices are an integral part of the UAS and shall allow for a positive connection that is
safeguarded against unintentional loosening.
The design shall ensure that any allowed load-bearing devices does not compromise the flying
capabilities of the UAS and they are within the allowable payload size defined in the manufacturer
instructions.
6 Safeguarding hazardous areas
6.1 General
If the UAS is not designed to fly over people, the hazard zone shall be clearly defined, a physical barrier
shall be implemented to prevent persons from accessing the hazardous area and a notice message shall
be added near the access to the hazardous area.
Elements external to the UAS itself but required for the operation and storage of the UAS and the UAS
itself that pose hazards such as crushing, shearing, and trapping shall be avoided.
For the required risk assessment, manual handling and operation of the UAS and other related
equipment shall be considered.
6.2 Safeguarding at crushing, shearing and trapping points, and fall protection
Crushing, shearing and trapping points are to be avoided. Where such points are unavoidable, they shall
be safeguarded by means of a fixed guard, netting or protective devices as defined in EN ISO 12100.
Such devices include, for example, light beams, light curtains or netting to limit the access to the
hazardous area.
If the use of guards or protective devices is not practicable, protective measures shall be defined
including clearance, complete view to the travel area and hold-to-run control devices.
If heights from which a UAS might fall can create an injury, then protective measures shall be provided.
For artistic reasons it might not be possible to provide guarding or other physical measures to prevent
UAS from falling. In this case the risk of falling shall be addressed by suitable and sufficient additional
protective measures.
7 Electrical equipment and control systems
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 General
NOTE 1 Regarding designing and installing electrical and electronic systems for UAS installations, including
any safety components, local regulations and requirements can apply.
In particular the following standards are also to be used:
— For UAS containing higher voltages or for charging stations EN 60204-1 is applicable, especially in
regards of:
— selection of equipment;
— electrical supply;
— physical environment and operation conditions;
— terminal for connection to the external protective earthing system;
— supply disconnecting (isolating) devices;
— devices for switching off for prevention of unexpected start-up;
— devices for disconnecting electrical equipment;
— protection against unauthorised, inadvertent and/or mistaken connection;
— protection against phase failure or wrong phase sequence;
— equipotential bonding;
— control circuits and control functions;
— control and enabling devices;
— cable-less control devices;
— safety functions and control functions in the event of failure;
— start and stop devices and indicators;
— devices for emergency switching off;
— conductors and cables;
— wiring practice;
— electric motors and associated equipment;
— technical documentation for electrical equipment.
— For functional safety related topics use EN 61508 series;
NOTE 2 In this document the term “electrical” includes both electrical and electronic matters (i.e. “electrical
equipment” means both the electrical and the electronic equipment). The equipment covered by this document
commences at the point of connection of the power supply to the UAS or the charging station.
When charging the UAS and connecting the power supply system, including the electrical control
system, and when selecting electrical equipment, steps shall be taken to ensure that hazardous
operating conditions are prevented in the event of failure.
Risks due to hazards associated with the electrical equipment and battery damage shall be considered
when carrying out a risk assessment of the machinery installation.
Where failures or disturbances in the electrical equipment can cause a hazardous situation or damage
to the machine or to the load, measures shall be taken to minimize the probability of the occurrence of
such failures or disturbances.
The electrical control circuits shall have an appropriate level of safety performance that has been
determined from the risk assessment at the machine in accordance with the requirements of EN 61508-
2.
By selecting suitable functional safety measures for the required SIL when designing the control system,
the necessary protective measures and acceptable level of risk for persons exposed to the relevant
hazards can be determined.
A robust mechanical safe design is always preferred to a functional safety protective measure. For
example, mitigation of the hazard by reducing the maximum authorized mass of the UAS and non-
conductive protection to electrical parts.
7.1.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
The electrical/electronic equipment shall not exceed the limits for EMC emission specified in
EN IEC 61000-6-4 and shall meet the requirements for EMC immunity specified in EN IEC 61000-6-2.
a) methods of measurement and limits are specified in EN IEC 61000-6-4 for EMC emissions and in
EN IEC 61000-6-2 for EMC immunity;
b) the user is to be informed of any special measures needed to fulfil the above-mentioned
requirements (e.g. use of shielded or special cables);
c) equipment intended to perform safety related functions shall comply to EN 61326-3-1.
7.1.3 Ambient air
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