EN ISO 20888:2020
(Main)Dentistry - Vocabulary and designation system for forensic oro-dental data (ISO 20888:2020)
Dentistry - Vocabulary and designation system for forensic oro-dental data (ISO 20888:2020)
This document defines the terms used to describe the distinctive characteristics of an individual's mouth by dentists and forensic dental experts. These terms are organized by concepts based on a forensic approach to the characteristics of a mouth, with many concepts specific to the identification domain that are not defined elsewhere in ISO dentistry vocabularies (e.g. "present tooth").
The hierarchical structure of this document is designed to describe attributes of a tooth, the mouth and a prosthesis/orthosis with increasing levels of discriminative characteristics (e.g. material characteristics, restored tooth surface) and the possibility to connect any level of description of an attribute with the most comprehensive concept.
This document is intended to be used for data exchange between antemortem and postmortem files and remove ambiguity on the terms used to describe an individual's mouth.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 1942 and ISO 3950.
Zahnheilkunde - Vokabular und Bezeichnungssystem für forensische orodentale Daten (ISO 20888:2020)
Dieses Dokument legt die Begriffe fest, die zur Beschreibung der besonderen Merkmale des Mundes einer Person durch Zahnärzte und forensischen Dentalexperten verwendet werden. Diese Begriffe werden in Konzepten organisiert, die auf einem forensischen Ansatz für die Merkmale eines Mundes basieren, wobei viele Konzepte für die Identifikationsdomäne spezifisch sind, die an keiner anderen Stelle im ISO Vokabular der Zahnmedizin definiert sind (z. B. „vorhandener Zahn“).
Die hierarchische Struktur dieses Dokumentes ist so ausgelegt, dass die Attribute eines Zahns, des Mundes und einer Prothese/Orthese mit zunehmenden Ebenen an unterscheidbaren Merkmalen (z. B. Materialeigenschaften, Oberfläche des restaurierten Zahns) beschrieben werden und die Möglichkeit, jede beliebige Beschreibungsebene eines Attributs mit dem umfassendsten Konzept zu verbinden.
Dieses Dokument ist für den Datenaustausch zwischen Antemortem- und Postmortem-Aufzeichnungen vorgesehen, und um Unklarheiten über die Begriffe, die zur Beschreibung des Mundes einer Person verwendet werden, zu beseitigen.
Dieses Dokument ist zur Anwendung zusammen mit ISO 1942 und ISO 3950 vorgesehen.
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Vocabulaire et code de désignation des données bucco-dentaires médico-légales (ISO 20888:2020)
Le présent document définit les termes utilisés pour décrire les caractéristiques distinctives de la bouche d'un individu par les dentistes et les experts dentaires médico-légaux. Les termes sont organisés par concepts en se fondant sur une approche médico-légale des caractéristiques d'une bouche, avec de nombreux concepts propres au domaine de l'identification qui ne sont pas définis ailleurs dans les vocabulaires ISO de la médecine bucco-dentaire (par exemple «dent présente»).
La structure hiérarchique du présent document est conçue pour décrire les attributs d'une dent, de la bouche et d'une prothèse/orthèse avec des niveaux croissants de caractéristiques discriminantes (par exemple, caractéristiques des matériaux, face d'une dent restaurée, etc.) et la possibilité de relier tout niveau de description d'un attribut au concept le plus complet.
Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé pour l'échange de données entre les fichiers ante mortem et post mortem, en éliminant toute ambiguïté en ce qui concerne les termes utilisés pour décrire la bouche d'un individu.
Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé en association avec l'ISO 1942 et l'ISO 3950.
Zobozdravstvo - Slovar in sistem označevanja forenzičnih ortodentalnih podatkov (ISO 20888:2020)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2021
Zobozdravstvo - Slovar in sistem označevanja forenzičnih ortodentalnih podatkov
(ISO 20888:2020)
Dentistry - Vocabulary and designation system for forensic oro-dental data (ISO
20888:2020)
Zahnheilkunde - Terminologie für forensische orodentale Daten (ISO 20888:2020)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Vocabulaire et code de désignation des données bucco-
dentaires médico-légales (ISO 20888:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20888:2020
ICS:
01.040.11 Zdravstveno varstvo Health care technology
(Slovarji) (Vocabularies)
07.140 Forenzika Forensic science
11.060.01 Zobozdravstvo na splošno Dentistry in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 20888
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.060.01
English Version
Dentistry - Vocabulary and designation system for forensic
oro-dental data (ISO 20888:2020)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Vocabulaire et code de Zahnheilkunde - Terminologie für forensische
désignation des données bucco-dentaires médico- orodentale Daten (ISO 20888:2020)
légales (ISO 20888:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 July 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20888:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 20888:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106
"Dentistry" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 “Dentistry” the secretariat of which
is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20888:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20888:2020 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20888
First edition
2020-10
Dentistry — Vocabulary and
designation system for forensic oro-
dental data
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Vocabulaire et code de désignation des
données bucco-dentaires médico-légales
Reference number
ISO 20888:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
ISO 20888:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 20888:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (normative) Drift/malposition .23
Annex B (normative) Impaction angulation .24
Annex C (normative) Indirect restoration type .25
Annex D (normative) Surface .26
Annex E (normative) Restorative dental material.27
Annex F (normative) Restorative dental material colour .28
Annex G (normative) Endodontic obturation material .29
Annex H (normative) Root restoration material .30
Annex I (normative) Prosthesis abutment type .31
Annex J (normative) Prosthesis retainer type .32
Annex K (normative) Congenital tooth anomalies .33
Annex L (normative) Non-restorative acquired tooth anomalies .34
Annex M (normative) Implant type .35
Annex N (normative) Dental prosthesis fixation .36
Annex O (normative) Location of anomaly .37
Annex P (normative) Dominant colour .38
Annex Q (normative) Surface anomaly .39
Annex R (normative) Prosthesis design components .40
Annex S (normative) Other oral appliances .41
Bibliography .42
Alphabetical index of terms .43
ISO 20888:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 3,
Terminology, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 55, Dentistry, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 20888:2020(E)
Introduction
0.1 Background
The establishment of a positive identification of an unidentified individual by the comparative dental
analysis of a forensic odontologist requires submission of supporting documentation from the dental
professionals who treated the patient. This information includes dental treatment records, radiographs,
photographs, and dental casts; this information is then submitted to the appropriate authority and
referred to as antemortem dental data (AM). Currently, the vast majority of antemortem dental data
and associated attachments are submitted on paper and by radiographic film, however, the goal is
to create a standardized electronic format for the transfer of this data. Due to varying methods of
documentation and recording systems, an organized list of standardized dental terminology would
be useful. Submission of ambiguous information due to a lack of harmonization can increase the time
required to establish the identification through dental means.
The disaster victim identification (DVI) community, due to the number of victims and the number of
countries of origin of the victims, will benefit from this internationally standardized forensic oro-
dental data, by using standardized terminology of useful concepts.
Current odontological comparison software is based on the concept of restoration comparison. Utilizing
each tooth as a field, comparison and/or elimination queries and advance sorting algorithms creates a
ranking of possible matches to aid the forensic odontologist in the initial records comparison. Biometric,
familial, radiographic, and visual information support the likelihood of a match. By standardizing the
descriptors used to describe this information, the likelihood of identifying an individual based on the
forensic odontologist's data increases.
0.2 Principle
Many descriptors of a tooth are determined from radiographic interpretation; specific “similar”
radiographic attributes are grouped together into single unified descriptors. This should allow for
the unambiguous interpretation of a tooth attribute and ensure that a radiographic attribute can
be described by a single unified attribute. Generally, consistency of assigning a unique attribute to a
radiographic feature is utilized in this document in order to create unambiguous descriptors even at
the expense of combining similar, but not identical, attributes.
The permanent dentition takes priority when both the primary and permanent teeth are present if both
are concurrently visible in the mouth; however, the presence of the primary tooth should also be noted.
The pertinence of these descriptors should be weighted with the time differences between the date of
the records and the presumptive date of recording of the current data.
If a descriptor involves multiple teeth, then that descriptor shall be utilized for all the teeth involved.
0.3 Rationale
A significant volume of information is gathered during dental evaluation and treatment. Forensic
odontologists charged with the task of identifying individuals need comprehensive information in
order to prove or disprove identification. While much of the information gathered by the dentist might
not aid in claims adjudication, it is not possible to predict in advance what item or items in the dental
record might be conclusive in identification. This document is designed to fill a void by establishing
documentation requirements for the submission of antemortem dental information for identification.
Terms and definitions describing teeth, pathology or anomaly of teeth or tooth restorations are limited
to ISO 3950 oro-dental codes that map to individual teeth.
Terms and definitions describing multiple teeth, jaw or mouth conditions, pathologies, relationships, or
prostheses are limited to ISO 3950 oro-dental codes that map those entities.
Terms and definitions which are limited to other specific ISO 3950 oro-dental locations are annotated
accordingly in the notes to entry and related annexes.
ISO 20888:2020(E)
Terms and definitions describing dental devices, pathologies, or entities that do not have a specific
location are limited to ISO 3950 code 00, 01, 02 and the notes to entry and related annexes.
An entry with a “(by report)” notation indicates that optional free-form text can be included with the
term to further characterize the entity being described. See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Overview of the main elements of Clause 3
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20888:2020(E)
Dentistry — Vocabulary and designation system for
forensic oro-dental data
1 Scope
This document defines the terms used to describe the distinctive characteristics of an individual’s
mouth by dentists and forensic dental experts. These terms are organized by concepts based on a
forensic approach to the characteristics of a mouth, with many concepts specific to the identification
domain that are not defined elsewhere in ISO dentistry vocabularies (e.g. “present tooth”).
The hierarchical structure of this document is designed to describe attributes of a tooth, the mouth
and a prosthesis/orthosis with increasing levels of discriminative characteristics (e.g. material
characteristics, restored tooth surface) and the possibility to connect any level of description of an
attribute with the most comprehensive concept.
This document is intended to be used for data exchange between antemortem and postmortem files
and remove ambiguity on the terms used to describe an individual’s mouth.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 1942 and ISO 3950.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 3950, Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
oro-dental identification
science and art of comparing antemortem dental data (3.2.2.1) with postmortem dental data (3.2.2.2) to
help determine the identity of an individual
3.2
forensic oro-dental data
recorded information describing the oral cavity and surrounding tissues for legal purposes
3.2.1
date of receiving record
date when the forensic information is recorded in the forensic record
Note 1 to entry: The date of receiving record is determined using ISO 8601-1.
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.2.2
date of information
date when the forensic information was created
Note 1 to entry: The date of information is determined using ISO 8601-1.
3.2.2.1
antemortem dental data
historical forensic oro-dental data (3.2)
3.2.2.2
postmortem dental data
current forensic oro-dental data (3.2)
3.3
oro-dental location
designation code for tooth, teeth or area of the oral cavity of the forensic information
Note 1 to entry: The oro-dental location shall be determined in accordance with ISO 3950.
3.3.1
tooth present
tooth or substantial part of a tooth visible in clinical or in radiologic examination, or reported present
in the dental record
Note 1 to entry: If only a portion of the root remains and the coronal portion of the tooth has been replaced by
a dental prosthesis (whether fixed or removable) that is not anchored by the remaining root, the tooth is not
considered present. See Figure 2.
Figure 2 — Overview of the main elements of a tooth present
3.3.1.1
unerupted tooth
tooth present (3.3.1) that is not visible in the oral cavity
Note 1 to entry: If the erupted tooth is also abnormally angulated it can be described under malpositioned
angulation.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.1.2
erupted tooth
tooth present (3.3.1) that is partially or completely visible in the oral cavity
Note 1 to entry: If the erupted tooth is also abnormally angulated, it can be described under malpositioned
angulation.
3.3.1.2.1
overerupted tooth
hypererupted tooth
tooth whose occlusal plane is significantly occlusal to the normal plane of occlusion
Note 1 to entry: This term is used regardless of the aetiology of the overeruption.
3.3.1.2.2
undererupted tooth
hypoerupted tooth
tooth whose occlusal plane is significantly apical to the normal plane of occlusion
Note 1 to entry: A tooth is considered hypoerupted versus impacted only when a substantial portion of the coronal
portion of the tooth is in the oral cavity, the path of eruption is unobstructed, and the root apices are fully closed.
Note 2 to entry: This term is used regardless of the aetiology of the undereruption.
3.3.1.2.3
malpositioned tooth
tooth that is not in the normal position or angulation relative to the dental arch
Note 1 to entry: The malpositioned tooth shall be an erupted tooth (3.3.1.2).
3.3.1.2.3.1
drifted tooth
tooth that has migrated into an edentulous space previously occupied by a different tooth
Note 1 to entry: The type of tooth drift shall be as specified in Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: The drifted tooth shall be an erupted tooth (3.3.1.2).
3.3.1.2.3.2
angulated tooth
tooth that has an inclination that deviates from the norm
Note 1 to entry: The type of tooth that is visible at clinical examination and is at the plane of occlusion shall be as
specified in Annex B.
Note 2 to entry: The angulated tooth shall be an erupted tooth (3.3.1.2).
3.3.1.3
unrestored tooth
tooth that does not have any visible or radiographic evidence of a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1)
Note 1 to entry: The unrestored tooth shall be an erupted tooth (3.3.1.2).
Note 2 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 10, 20, 30, 40.
Note 3 to entry: Pit and fissure sealant is not a dental restoration.
3.3.1.4
coronally restored tooth
tooth that has any type of dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1)
Note 1 to entry: A pit and fissure sealant is not a dental restoration.
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.1.4.1
dental restoration
dental device that restores or replaces lost tooth structure
Note 1 to entry: This definition differs from ISO 1942 in that lost tooth and oral tissues are excluded so that there
is no ambiguity with the definition of a dental prosthesis (3.3.8).
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.1
direct dental restoration
dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that is placed directly onto or within a tooth
Note 1 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.2
indirect dental restoration
dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that is fabricated outside the mouth
Note 1 to entry: The dental restoration fabricated outside the mouth shall be as specified in Annex C.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.3
other dental restoration type
dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) whose origin is known and not covered by any of the other categories
(by report)
Note 1 to entry: Optional free-form text can be included to further characterize the entity being described.
3.3.1.4.1.4
number of dental restorations
number of parts of the tooth that have been replaced by a restoration
3.3.1.4.1.5
dental surface restored by dental restoration
part of the tooth that has been replaced by the dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1)
Note 1 to entry: The parts of the tooth that have been replaced by the dental restoration shall be as specified in
Annex D.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.6
dental restoration material
constituent elements utilized in a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1)
Note 1 to entry: The material utilized in the dental restoration shall be as specified in Annex E.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.7
dental restoration colour
predominant hue of the dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that is affixed to the dental implant (3.3.2.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: The colour utilized in the dental restoration shall be as specified in Annex F.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.1.8
fracture of dental restoration
tooth that exhibits a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that has a substantial portion of material missing due
to factors other than normal wear
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.1.4.2
endodontically treated tooth
tooth with therapy performed on the endodontium
Note 1 to entry: This term can be used if there is definitive evidence of treatment regardless of the extent of
treatment and the presence or absence of endodontic obturation material.
3.3.1.4.3
coronally endodontically treated tooth
pulpotomized tooth
endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.2) limited to the pulp chamber
3.3.1.4.3.1
coronally endodontically treated tooth obturation material
constituent element used in sealing the coronally endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.3)
Note 1 to entry: The type of material utilized in obturating the coronally endodontically treated tooth shall be as
specified in Annex G.
3.3.1.4.4
fully endodontically treated tooth
pulpectomized tooth
endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.2) in both the pulp chamber and the radicular portion of the tooth
3.3.1.4.4.1
obturating material in fully endodontically treated tooth
constituent element used in sealing the fully endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.4)
Note 1 to entry: The type of material utilized in obturating the fully endodontically treated tooth shall be as
specified in Annex G.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.4.4.2
number of canals obturated in fully endodontically treated tooth
number of canals with the presence of an endodontic obturation material
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if lateral canals are present or the root canal system separates into
additional distinct canals through small portions of the root.
3.3.1.4.5
retrograde endodontically treated tooth
endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.2) resulting from an apical approach
3.3.1.4.5.1
obturating material in retrograde endodontically treated tooth
constituent element used in sealing the retrograde endodontically treated tooth (3.3.1.4.5)
Note 1 to entry: The material utilized in obturating the apices shall be as specified in Annex G.
3.3.1.4.5.2
number of apices treated with obturation of the retrograde endodontically treated tooth
number of canal apices with the presence of an endodontic obturation material
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if lateral canals are present or the root canal system separates into
additional distinct canals through small portions of the root.
3.3.1.4.6
other endodontic entity
endodontic entity not described by other descriptors
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.1.5
root restoration
root post
tooth that has a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) that fills the root canal system of the tooth to serve as a
restoration or aid in the retention of another dental device
3.3.1.5.1
number of canals which retain the root restoration
number of canals that the root restoration (3.3.1.5) substantially extends into
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if the tooth has not had endodontic treatment.
Note 2 to entry: This term may be used even if the tooth does not have a core restoration as part of the post system.
3.3.1.5.2
root restoration material
constituent element used in a root restoration (3.3.1.5)
Note 1 to entry: The material utilized in the root restoration shall be as specified in Annex H.
3.3.1.6
altered root
tooth whose root system has been altered either by pathology or treatment intervention
3.3.1.6.1
root amputation
multi-rooted tooth whose root system has been intentionally sectioned with at least one of the roots
removed for therapeutic purposes
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if definitive restorations are not present on the tooth.
3.3.1.6.2
sectioned tooth
tooth that has been intentionally separated into multiple sections with none of the roots removed for
therapeutic purposes
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if definitive restorations are not present on the tooth.
3.3.1.6.3
retained instrument
root canal instrument present in one or more canals
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used regardless of where any additional obturation materials coexist in the
same or other canals of the tooth.
3.3.1.6.4
other-altered root
tooth whose root has been intentionally altered for therapeutic purposes and not covered by other
descriptors (by report)
Note 1 to entry: Optional free-form text can be included to further characterize the entity being described.
3.3.1.7
abutment tooth for a dental prosthesis
tooth code that supports a part of a dental prosthesis (3.3.8)
3.3.1.7.1
abutment device affixed to a tooth
device on a tooth that supports part of a dental prosthesis (3.3.8)
Note 1 to entry: The tooth supported component that supports the prosthesis shall be as specified in Annex I.
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.1.7.2
retainer on a dental prosthesis
device that supports part of a dental prosthesis (3.3.8)
Note 1 to entry: The prosthesis supported component that supports the prosthesis shall be as specified in
Annex J.
3.3.1.7.3
splinted to adjacent teeth
tooth with a dental restoration (3.3.1.4.1) connected to adjacent tooth
3.3.1.8
other unique restorative characteristic
unique restorative characteristic not covered by other descriptors
3.3.1.9
non-acquired anomaly
congenital abnormality of a tooth
Note 1 to entry: The type of tooth with a congenital abnormality shall be as specified in Annex K.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.1.10
non-restorative acquired anomaly
non-congenital abnormality of a tooth whose causative action is not due to the repair of a tooth
Note 1 to entry: The type of non-acquired anomaly of the tooth shall be as specified in Annex L.
Note 2 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes that map to individual teeth.
Note 3 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
Figure 3 — Overview of the main elements of a tooth not present
3.3.2
tooth not present
tooth not visible both in clinical and in a radiologic examination or reported as not present in the
dental record
Note 1 to entry: This term is used if the tooth has been replaced by a prosthesis.
Note 2 to entry: A tooth may be considered not present even if it is replaced by a dental prosthesis (3.3.8).
Note 3 to entry: This term may be used alone or with a descriptor below. If no descriptor is found that describes
the prosthesis, then the “other- (by report)” descriptor shall be used. See Figure 3.
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.2.1
tooth extracted
area of the jaw previously occupied by a tooth when both the coronal portion and root portion of the
both the deciduous and permanent tooth are not visible intraorally or radiographically
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used in combination with a restorative descriptor.
Note 2 to entry: This term is used when the tooth has been therapeutically lost or the loss is of unknown origin.
3.3.2.2
tooth missing
missing tooth whose socket exhibits no healing
Note 1 to entry: This term is only to be used if there is substantial evidence that the loss was traumatic and not
therapeutic or through natural causes.
3.3.2.3
tooth missing
tooth that has never been formed and without documentation that it ever existed in the
dental treatment records
Note 1 to entry: This term is only used if there is documented evidence that the tooth bud never existed.
Note 2 to entry: Qualifying a tooth as congenitally missing should be done according to the age of the individual
whose tooth is being examined.
3.3.2.4
indeterminant cause of loss
tooth with an insufficient amount of data to determine the status of the tooth
3.3.2.5
tooth not replaced
area of the jaw previously occupied by a tooth when both the coronal portion and root portion of the
both the deciduous and permanent tooth are not visible intraorally or radiographically, and no fixed or
removable dental prosthesis (3.3.8) is present to replace the tooth
3.3.2.6
tooth replaced
area of the jaw previously occupied by a tooth when both the coronal portion and root portion of the
both the deciduous and permanent tooth are not visible intraorally or radiographically, and a fixed or
removable dental prosthesis (3.3.8) is present to replace the tooth
3.3.2.6.1
dental implant
device specifically designed to be placed within, through or upon the bones of the cranio-facial complex,
the primary purposes of which are to support or to resist displacement of a dental prosthesis (3.3.8)
Note 1 to entry: The dental implant shape utilized to replace the root portion of a tooth shall be as specified in
Annex M.
[SOURCE: ISO 16443:2014, 3.1.1 modified — “and/” has been deleted after the word "support".]
3.3.2.6.1.1
dental implant material
constituent element of a dental implant (3.3.2.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: The composition of a dental prosthesis (3.3.8) which duplicates the tooth and is attached directly
or indirectly (via an implant abutment) to the implant based on the restorative dental material shall be as
specified in Annex E.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
8 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.2.6.1.2
dental implant colour
predominant hue of the dental implant (3.3.2.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: The colour of a dental prosthesis which duplicates the tooth and is attached directly or indirectly
(via an implant abutment) to the implant based on the restorative dental material shall be as specified in Annex L.
Note 2 to entry: In a dental record, multiple iterations are allowed.
3.3.2.6.1.3
dental implant-supported dental device
implant-supported dental device that supports the dental prosthesis (3.3.8)
Note 1 to entry: The type of dental device for replacement of a tooth or to support a dental prosthesis (3.3.8) shall
be as specified in Annex I.
3.3.2.6.1.3.1
dental implant-supported abutment
connector between the dental implant (3.3.2.6.1) to the dental prosthesis (3.3.8)
Note 1 to entry: The method to attach the indirect restoration to the implant shall be as specified in Annex N.
3.3.2.6.2
indirect support-fixed prosthesis pontic
artificial tooth attached to a fixed dental prosthesis (3.3.8.2) that is supported by adjacent dental
restorations (3.3.1.4.1) rather than an underlying natural root or dental implant (3.3.2.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: This term may be used even if a root or implant exists apically to the replacement tooth if there is
no physical connection between the pontic and the structures below.
3.3.2.6.2.1
indirect support-fixed prosthesis material
constituent elements in an indirect support-fixed prosthesis
Note 1 to entry: The material in an artificial tooth attached to a fixed dental prosthesis (3.3.8.2) that is supported
by adjacent abutment shall be as specified in Annex E.
3.3.2.6.2.2
indirect support-fixed prosthesis colour
predominant hue of the dental device affixed to the dental implant (3.3.2.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: The colour of an artificial tooth attached to a fixed dental prosthesis (3.3.8.2) that is supported by
adjacent abutment shall be as specified in Annex F.
3.3.2.6.2.3
tooth-supported fixed dental prosthesis retained pontic
artificial tooth attached to a fixed dental prosthesis (3.3.8.2) that is supported by adjacent fixed or
partial coverage dental restorations (3.3.1.4.1) that are affixed to natural teeth
3.3.2.6.2.4
implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis retained pontic
artificial tooth attached to a fixed dental prosthesis (3.3.8.2) that is supported by an adjacent dental
implant (3.3.2.6.1) abutment
3.3.2.6.2.5
tooth/implant fixed dental prosthesis retained pontic
pontic whose abutment is attached to an adjacent tooth on one side and a dental implant on the other side
3.3.2.6.2.6
other tooth/implant fixed dental prosthesis retained pontic
pontic not covered by any of the other descriptors (by report)
Note 1 to entry: Optional free-form text can be included to further characterize the entity being described.
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.2.6.3
tooth replaced with a removable prosthesis
artificial tooth attached to a removable dental prosthesis (3.3.8.1)
Figure 4 — Overview of the main elements of the remaining tooth status
3.3.3
unknown status of tooth
tooth that has no data to determine the current condition of the tooth
3.3.4
other tooth status
tooth whose status is not covered by other descriptors (by report)
Note 1 to entry: Optional free-form text can be included to further characterize the entity being described. See
Figure 4.
3.3.5
periodontal disease
presence of a disease state of the gingival tissues and/or periodontal tissue of any severity
Note 1 to entry: This entry is based on ISO 3950 codes and can map to individual teeth, quadrants, sextants, jaws,
or the entire mouth.
Figure 5 — Overview of the main elements of a hard tissue entity
3.3.6
hard tissue entity
non-dental oral characteristic of the skeletal tissue which can aid in forensic identification
Note 1 to entry: This entry is based on ISO 3950 codes and is limited to hard tissues other than teeth.
Note 2 to entry: ISO 3950 tooth code may be used to describe hard tissue entries that juxtapose teeth. See
Figure 5.
10 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.6.1
dental positional discrepancy
data relating to the abnormality of the position of teeth or jaws relative to other dental structures
Note 1 to entry: A single malpositioned tooth is described as a malpositioned tooth (3.3.1.2.3).
3.3.6.1.1
malocclusion
misalignment between the teeth of the two dental arches when the jaws are closed
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to 00 to designate the relationship of the maxilla and the mandible.
3.3.6.1.1.1
Angle Class II division 1
subcategory that refers to the posterior relationship of the mandible to the maxilla with the labioversion
of the maxillary central incisor teeth
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to 00 to designate the relationship of the maxilla and the mandible.
3.3.6.1.1.2
Angle Class II division 2
subcategory that refers to the posterior relationship of the mandible to the maxilla with the
linguoversion of the maxillary central incisor teeth
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to 00 to designate the relationship of both the maxilla and the mandible.
3.3.6.1.1.3
Angle Class III
subcategory that refers to the anterior relationship of the mandible to the maxilla
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to 00 to designate the relationship of both the maxilla and the mandible.
3.3.6.1.1.4
other malocclusion
malocclusion (3.3.6.1.1) not covered by other descriptors
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to 00 to designate the relationship of both the maxilla and the mandible.
Note 2 to entry: This includes crossbite, scissor bite, deep bite and open bite.
3.3.6.1.2
crowding
condition in which the teeth assume altered positions due to discrepancies in the size of the teeth and
the area allocated for their position
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 10, 20, 30 and 40.
Note 2 to entry: Multiple iterations allowed in cases of non-contiguous areas.
3.3.6.1.2.1
crowding beginning tooth
ISO 3950 tooth code of the first tooth involved
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes that designate the beginning tooth code is the tooth with
the lower numeric value of the ISO 3950 tooth code designation.
3.3.6.1.2.2
crowding ending tooth
ISO 3950 tooth code of the last tooth involved
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes that designate the ending tooth code is the tooth with the
higher numeric value of the ISO 3950 tooth code designation.
ISO 20888:2020(E)
3.3.6.1.3
diastema
space separating teeth
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 10, 20, 30, 40.
3.3.6.1.3.1
diastema beginning tooth
ISO 3950 tooth code of the first tooth involved
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes that designates the beginning tooth code is the tooth with
the lower numeric value of the ISO 3950 tooth code designation.
3.3.6.1.3.2
diastema ending tooth
ISO 3950 tooth code of the last tooth involved
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes that designates the ending tooth code is the tooth with
the higher numeric value of the ISO 3950 tooth code designation.
3.3.6.1.4
other positional dental discrepancy
significant positional discrepancy between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch not covered by
other descriptors
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 10, 20, 30 and 40.
3.3.6.1.4.1
other dental discrepancy beginning tooth
ISO 3950 tooth code of the first tooth involved
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes that designates the beginning tooth code is the tooth with
the lower numeric value of the ISO 3950 tooth code designation.
3.3.6.1.4.2
other dental discrepancy ending tooth
ISO 3950 tooth code of the last tooth involved
Note 1 to entry: This entry is limited to ISO 3950 codes that designates the ending tooth code is the tooth with
the higher numeric value of the ISO 3950 tooth code designation.
3.3.6.2
jaw fracture
radiographic or clinical evidence of a cracked or broken bone
Note 1 to entry: This entry is based on ISO 3950 codes and can map to individual teeth, quadrants, sextants, jaws,
or the entire mouth.
Note 2 to entry: This term can be used if the
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