prEN 17795-5

Entertainment Technology – Codes of Practice - Part 5: Lifting and motion Operations in the Event Industry

This document provides a set of guidelines for lifting and motion operations related to machinery and machinery installations used in staging and production facilities for events.
For the purpose of this document there is no difference between rigging as known in the event industry and lifting and motion operations in theatres.
Such facilities may include, but not exclusively, theatres, multipurpose halls, studios, production facilities for film, television or radio, concert halls, congress centres, schools, exhibition centres, trade-fair centres, museums, discotheques, amusement parks, sports facilities and open-air-theatres.
Events are, for example, concerts, shows, congresses, exhibitions, presentations, demonstrations, film or television recordings, etc.
This document covers the use of machinery employed in the event industry including machinery defined in point j Article 1.2 of Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC): “machinery intended to move performers during artistic performances”
For the purposes of this document, machinery installations are all technical installations and equipment used for operations in stage and production facilities in the event industry. Such installations are used to lift, lower, suspend and move loads which may include but not exclusively, scenery or objects, truss systems, lighting, audiovisual, sound equipment or performers.
Typical lifting and motion operations may include but are not limited to the following:
-   auditorium elevators;
-   compensating elevators;
-   fly bar systems (manual and motor driven);
-   lighting bars;
-   movable lighting towers;
-   movable stage platforms (stage wagons);
-   movable proscenium arches;
-   orchestra elevators;
-   point hoists;
-   chain hoist
-   projection screens (manual or motor-driven);
-   scenery storage elevators;
-   side stage and rear stage shutters;
-   stage elevators;
-   tiltable stage floors;
-   trap elevators.
The guidelines in this document also apply to machinery installations based on new technologies or specially designed installations which are not expressly mentioned here but which nevertheless operate in a similar manner or are meant for similar purposes to those listed above.

Veranstaltungstechnik - Verfahrensregeln - Teil 5: Hub- und Bewegungsvorgänge in der Veranstaltungsindustrie

Diese Verfahrensregeln enthalten eine Reihe von Leitlinien für Hebe- und Bewegungsvorgänge im Zusammenhang mit Maschinen und maschinentechnischen Einrichtungen, die in Veranstaltungs- und Produktionsstätten eingesetzt werden. Zu diesen Einrichtungen können unter anderem Theater, Mehrzweckhallen, Studios, Produktionsstätten für Film, Fernsehen oder Radio, Konzerthallen, Kongress-zentren, Schulen, Aufführungszentren, Messezentren, Museen, Diskotheken, Vergnügungsparks, Sportstätten und Freilufttheater gehören.
Veranstaltungen sind z. B. Konzerte, Shows, Kongresse, Ausstellungen, Präsentationen, Vorführungen, Film‑ oder Fernsehaufnahmen, usw.
Dieses Dokument bezieht sich auf die Nutzung von Maschinen, die in der Veranstaltungsindustrie eingesetzt werden, einschließlich der in Artikel 1.2 Buchstabe j der Maschinenrichtlinie (2006/42/EG) definierten Maschinen: „Maschinen zur Beförderung von Darstellern während künstlerischer Aufführungen“.
Für die Anwendung dieses Dokuments sind maschinentechnische Einrichtungen alle technischen Einrichtungen und Arbeitsmittel, die für den Einsatz auf der Bühne und in Produktionsstätten der Veranstaltungsindustrie vorgesehen sind. Derartige Einrichtungen werden verwendet, um Lasten zu heben, abzusenken, aufzuhängen und zu bewegen, zu denen unter anderem Kulissen oder Objekte, Traversensysteme, Beleuchtungs-, audiovisuelle und Toneinrichtungen oder Darsteller gehören können.
Die Leitlinien in diesem Dokument gelten auch für maschinentechnische Einrichtungen mit neuen Technologien oder Sonderanfertigungen, die hier nicht besonders benannt sind, jedoch auf ähnliche Art funktionieren oder für bezüglich der oben genannten Arbeitsmittel ähnliche Zwecke vorgesehen sind. Dieses Dokument enthält keine spezifischen Details, sondern soll allgemeine Leitlinien für die Planung und den Ablauf von Hebe- und Bewegungsvorgängen liefern.

Technologies du spectacle - Codes de bonnes pratique - Partie 5: Opérations de levage et de mouvement dans l'industrie de l'événementiel

Le présent code de bonnes pratiques donne un ensemble de lignes directrices destinées aux opérations de levage et de mouvement liées aux machines et aux installations de machines utilisées dans les installations de mise en scène et de production d'événements. Ces installations peuvent comprendre, entre autres, les théâtres, les salles polyvalentes, les studios, les installations de production cinématographique, télévisuelle ou radiophonique, les salles de concert, les centres de congrès, les écoles, les centres d'exposition, les parcs d'exposition, les musées, les discothèques, les parcs d'attractions, les installations sportives et les théâtres en plein air.
Les événements sont par exemple les concerts, les spectacles, les congrès, les expositions, les présentations, les démonstrations, les enregistrements cinématographiques ou télévisuels, etc.
Le présent document couvre l'utilisation de la machinerie utilisée dans le secteur de l'événementiel, y compris les machines définies au point j de l'article premier, paragraphe 2 de la Directive Machines (2006/42/CE) : « les machines prévues pour déplacer des artistes pendant des représentations artistiques ».
Pour les besoins du présent document, les installations de machinerie désignent toutes les installations techniques et tous les équipements utilisés pour les activités dans les installations scéniques et les installations de production du secteur de l'événementiel. Ces installations servent à lever, baisser, suspendre et transporter des charges pouvant comprendre, entre autres, des décors ou des objets, des systèmes de poutres, des éclairages, des équipements audiovisuels ou de sonorisation, ainsi que des artistes.
Les lignes directrices figurant dans le présent document s'appliquent également aux installations de machinerie basées sur de nouvelles technologies ou aux installations spécialement conçues qui ne sont pas expressément mentionnées ici, mais qui fonctionnent néanmoins de manière similaire ou sont destinées à des fins similaires aux installations énumérées ci-dessus. Le présent document ne donne pas de détails spécifiques, mais il est destiné à donner des lignes directrices générales sur la planification et le processus des opérations de levage et de mouvement.

Razvedrilna tehnologija - Kodeks ravnanja - 5. del: Dvigovanje in premikanje pri dejavnostih v prireditveni industriji

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 19-Jun-2024
• ICS: 97.200.10 - Theatre, stage and studio equipment
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 433 - Entertainment technology - Equipment, technical installations and machinery used on stages and other production areas within the entertainment industry
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 433/WG 04 - Codes of practice
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Start Date: 20-Sep-2023
• Due Date: 20-Dec-2022
• Completion Date: 11-Jul-2023
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 17795-5:2022 - Entertainment Technology – Codes of Practice - Part 5: Lifting and motion Operations in the Event Industry

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17795-5:2022
01-januar-2022
Razvedrilna tehnologija - Kodeks ravnanja - 5. del: Dvigovanje in premikanje pri
dejavnostih v prireditveni industriji

Entertainment Technology – Codes of Practice - Part 5: Lifting and motion Operations in

the Event Industry

Veranstaltungstechnik - Verfahrensregeln - Teil 5: Hub- und Bewegungsvorgänge in der

Veranstaltungsindustrie

Technologies du spectacle - Codes de bonnes pratique - Partie 5: Opérations de levage

et de mouvement dans l'industrie de l'événementiel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17795-5
ICS:
97.200.10 Gledališka, odrska in Theatre, stage and studio
studijska oprema ter delovne equipment
postaje
oSIST prEN 17795-5:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 17795-5:2022
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oSIST prEN 17795-5:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17795-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2021
ICS 97.200.10
English Version
Entertainment Technology - Codes of Practice - Part 5:
Lifting and motion Operations in the Event Industry

Technologies du spectacle - Codes de bonnes pratique - Veranstaltungstechnik - Verfahrensregeln - Teil 5:

Partie 5: Opérations de levage et de mouvement dans Hub- und Bewegungsvorgänge in der

l'industrie de l'événementiel Veranstaltungsindustrie

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 433.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17795-5:2021 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ............................................................................................................................................ 3

Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................... 6

3 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................... 6

4 Introduction of planning .................................................................................................................. 11

4.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 11

4.2 Project workflow and stakeholders ............................................................................................. 13

4.2.1 Project workflow ................................................................................................................................. 13

4.2.2 Stakeholders ......................................................................................................................................... 13

5 Project phases for lifting and motion operation ..................................................................... 16

5.1 Project concept: Develop a rough draft of the design ............................................................ 16

5.2 Preliminary design: Working out the initial design concept .............................................. 16

5.3 Final design: Transferring the preliminary design to a final concept ............................. 17

5.4 Work preparation: Preparatory phase for planning construction and dismantling;

organization of all production processes ................................................................................... 18

5.5 Off-Site Test Build ............................................................................................................................... 19

5.6 On site installation and lifting operations ................................................................................. 19

5.6.1 On site installation ............................................................................................................................. 19

5.6.2 Lifting operations ............................................................................................................................... 19

5.7 Hand-over: Introduction to the User and Completion of construction ........................... 20

5.8 Taking into service: Show preparations ..................................................................................... 20

5.9 Use of machinery: Show operations ............................................................................................. 21

5.10 Dismantling and de-rigging ............................................................................................................. 21

5.11 Evaluation: Post Production ........................................................................................................... 21

Annex A (normative) Requirements for design .................................................................................... 22

Annex B (normative) Drawing convention ............................................................................................. 25

Annex C (normative) Requirements for equipment selection ......................................................... 28

Annex D (normative) Requirements for on-site installation ........................................................... 30

Annex E (normative) Requirements for lifting operations ............................................................... 33

Annex F (normative) Requirements for taking into service: show preparations..................... 36

Annex G (normative) Requirements for de-rigging work ................................................................. 39

Annex H (normative) Requirements for post-production ................................................................ 42

Annex I (informative) Roles and responsibilities ................................................................................ 43

Annex J (informative) Types of loads ........................................................................................................ 47

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European foreword

This document (prEN 17795-5:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 433

“Entertainment Technology - Machinery, equipment and installations”, the secretariat of which is held by

DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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Introduction

This document has been prepared by CEN/TC433/WG4 Codes of practice with the aim to produce a code

of practice for rigging, lifting and motion operations within the event industry.

It is intended to provide general guidelines on planning and the process of lifting and motion operations,

to production management, technical directors, technicians, manufacturers, performers and others

working in local, national and international projects. It should facilitate a smooth process and a safe work

environment when involved in such operations. This standard does not provide specific details in regard

to any lifting and motion operations as described in the scope.

A project always starts with a concept, small or large, and often put forward by a person with an artistic

mind and, above all, not hindered by gravity. This creates the technical challenge questioning: “Can we

do it, can we do it safe?”

To be able to answer this question, many smaller and larger details need to be addressed, such as:

— Loads (lights, sound, set, video);
— The spatial ordering of all loads and structures carrying it;
— Is the equipment in rest or in motion?
— What are the effects of the motion: acceleration, deceleration?
— What are the effects of a possible e-stop?
— Will there be performer flying?
— And if so: where do they start and where do they land?
— What are the demands on all types of equipment?
— What skills are needed to put it in, and operate it?
— What are the time schedules?
— What is the structure of the venue like where the lifting will take place?
— What is the structural capacity and integrity?

The more complex the concept, the more questions, the more planning and complex engineering is

needed.

CEN/TC433 has published EN 17206:2020 Entertainment technology - Machinery for stages and other

production areas - Safety requirements and inspections. This standard provides guidelines for determining

the ‘use case’ of a lifting appliance and clarifies the safety requirements for lifting machinery that come

with each use case.

Typical lifting and motion operations may include but are not limited to the following:

— Auditorium elevators;
— Compensating elevators;
— Fly bar systems (manual and motor driven);
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— Lighting bars;
— Movable lighting towers;
— Movable stage platforms (stage wagons);
— Movable proscenium arches;
— Orchestra elevators;
— Point hoists;
— Chain hoist
— Projection screens (manual or motor-driven);
— Scenery storage elevators;
— Side stage and rear stage shutters;
— Stage elevators;
— Tiltable stage floors;
— Trap elevators.

Besides the engineering, the management process required for a safe rigging and lifting operations shall

be robust.

This code of practices describes the process of working and the issues that shall be considered operations

can take place. If, somewhere in this process, changes have to be made, some of the previous phases may

have to be repeated. Figure 3 shows a flowchart.

Aside of the process and flowchart (see Figure 3), this document states the requirements to be met of all

actions in the flowchart, see Annex A through H.

Furthermore, this standard describes several functions of technicians involved in the rigging and lifting

operations. This can be helpful when organising the crew.

The process and flow chart describe several preparatory phases and the lifting operation itself. It’s a

description of actions that leads to results, who bears responsibility for that result and, if applicable, on

which normative references it is based.

The whole process description (see chapter 5) is based on a large-scale production in the event industry,

e.g.
— Big rock concerts in arenas;
— Large musicals;
— Festivals with several stages;
— Big operas.

Smaller productions with less complex rigging and lifting movements can follow the same process and

structure. However, they may combine several phases.
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1 Scope

This code of practice provides a set of guidelines for lifting and motion operations related to machinery

and machinery installations used in staging and production facilities for events. Such facilities may

include, but not exclusively, theatres, multipurpose halls, studios, production facilities for film, television

or radio, concert halls, congress centres, schools, exhibition centres, trade-fair centres, museums,

discotheques, amusement parks, sports facilities and open-air-theatres.

Events are, for example, concerts, shows, congresses, exhibitions, presentations, demonstrations, film or

television recordings, etc.

This document covers the use of machinery employed in the event industry including machinery defined

in point j Article 1.2 of Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC): “machinery intended to move performers

during artistic performances”

For the purposes of this document, machinery installations are all technical installations and equipment

used for operations in stage and production facilities in the event industry. Such installations are used to

lift, lower, suspend and move loads which may include but not exclusively, scenery or objects, truss

systems, lighting, audio-visual, sound equipment or performers.

The guidelines in this document also apply to machinery installations based on new technologies or

specially designed installations which are not expressly mentioned here but which nevertheless operate

in a similar manner or are meant for similar purposes to those listed above. This document does not

provide specific details but is intended to provide general guidelines on planning and the process of

lifting and motion operations.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN ISO 12100, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO

12100)

EN 17206, Entertainment technology - Machinery for stages and other production areas - Safety

requirements and inspections

EN 17115, Entertainment technology - Specifications for design and manufacture of aluminium and steel

trusses
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 17206, EN 17115 and the

following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
attachment points

facility provided to enable the load to be connected to the lifting machine, usually by use of a lifting

accessory
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3.2
code of practice

set of written guidelines that explains how people working in a particular profession should plan, manage

and execute their work
3.3
communications protocol

system of rules and etiquette enabling orderly communication amongst multiple users of a

communications system
3.4
communications system

reliable means of communication between parties, typically utilizing wired intercom or two way radios.

Video can supplement audio
3.5
commissioning
taking into service

final phase in the installation of equipment, when it is demonstrated to be compliant with all the specified

criteria and to be fully operationa
3.6
competent person

person with sufficient practical and theoretical knowledge and experience to carry out the person’s

duties, and who is aware of the limits of the person’s competency, expertise and knowledge

[SOURCE: EN 17206:2020, 3.11]
3.7
Worker with role(s)
competent person with function(s) assumed in a particular situation
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A
3.8
regulatory inspection

evaluation by observation and judgement accompanied as appropriate by measurement, testing, gauging

and documentation
3.9
Pre-use Inspection

visual examination of equipment thereof to verify that it appears to be in operating condition and is free

of physical damage
3.10
Functional responsibilities

different tasks that all workers involved in the event shall do during the event. The list of functions

described is only indicative and not exhaustive. In Annex I is explained in detail the role tasks of each

worker with role
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3.11
determinate load System

system which has the minimum number of primary suspension points required to support the load

Note 1 to entry: Characteristics are

— Reaction forces are predictable and can be calculated using basic mathematical equations.

— By definition and for purposes of calculation they do not have redundant suspensions.

— Variations in an object’s lift height caused by operating one or more hoists in a group will not result in

unpredictable or large changes in reaction forces.
Examples: Above examples assume adequate support is provided. See Figure 1.
Single point
Two points on truss
Three points on truss circle or PA bumper
Figure 1 — Determinate load system
3.12
indeterminate load System
system which has more primary suspensions than required to support the load
Note 1 to entry: Characteristics are:
— Reaction forces can only be calculated using complex analytical methods.

— Small variations in lift height can produce potentially dangerous variations in reaction forces.

— Reaction forces shall be verified on site using load monitoring equipment.

— The number of suspensions in an indeterminate system can provide redundancy, making it possible for

a suspension failure to occur without causing collapse of the system. Shock loads shall be considered.

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Examples: See Figure 2.
Three or more points on a truss;
Four points on truss circle grid
Four points on truss grid

Note: In the examples above, it may be theoretically possible to remove one suspension and have the objects

remain stable. In practice, adequate support shall be provided to ensure stability

Figure 2 — Determinate load system
3.13
lifting plan
rigging plan

Set of procedures, schedules, drawings, tables, and documents needed for a safe Lifting Operation

3.14
load
Load refers to the object or objects to be lifted
3.15
mousing

use of wire or other material to prevent the unintentional opening of a connector or hook

3.16
overhead obstruction
object that blocks the intended flight path of a lift
3.17
performer flying
suspending, lifting or moving a performer
3.18
point load
concentrated load applied at a single location
3.19
primary suspension

minimum number of suspension points required to support the load as dictated by the rigging design

Note 1 to entry: See also 3.21 “Redundancy.”
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3.20
qualified person

person who has the professional credentials required to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject

matter
3.21
redundancy

use of additional measures that share load to safeguard against a suspension failure

3.22
rigging

installation, removal or other activity using lifting or suspension equipment or accessories used in

tension for lifting or supporting display, production, performance or event technical requirements

3.23
rigging assembly
combination of hardware that is connected together
3.24
rigging points

connection of concentrated loads to a support structure according to the rigging plan

3.25
rigging system
any equipment used for suspension below the supporting structure
3.26
risk assessment
formal process used to identify hazards and mitigate risk
3.27
risk management plan

document detailing procedures to ensure the ongoing identification of hazards and mitigation of risk

3.28
secondary suspension
safeties
safety points
additional rigging used to support the load in case of equipment failure
3.29
sling angle factors

multipliers that account for increased forces in slings when they are not vertical

3.30
suspension
equipment in the load path that supports the load
3.31
title block
portion of a drawing that identifies the drawing contents
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3.32
trim height
vertical distance from a datum to a specified point on a suspended object
3.33
working load limit (WLL)

maximum allowable load to be applied to a lifting component as specified by the manufacturer

3.34
safe working load (SWL)

useful load which is borne by the load carrying or securing device, or directly by the load bearing

equipment

Note 1 to entry: SWL is defined by the user according to the reduction of the WLL or the ELL, due to the load applied

to the load bearing device, the self-weight of the load carrying devices (p. ej truss), normative o legal requirements,

environmental conditions, or any other condition that may require any reduction in favour of greater security.

3.35
entertainment load limit (ELL)

maximum load that an item of lifting equipment is designed to raise, lower or sustain.

[SOURCE: EN 17206:2020, 3.2.4]
3.36
entertainment load limit at rest (ELL/R)
maximum load that an item of lifting equipment is designed to sustain at rest

Note 1 to entry: Due to additional measures (such as locking pins in elevators), the Entertainment Load Limit at

Rest could be higher than the entertainment load limit that the machine is capable of moving.

[SOURCE: EN 17206:2020, 3.2.5]
3.37
equipment failure
termination of the ability of an equipment to perform a required function
Note 1 to entry: After failure the equipment has a fault

Note 2 to entry: “Failure is an event, as distinguished from “fault”, which is a state

4 Introduction of planning
4.1 General

Artistical designs in the event industry generally involve lifting operations to fulfil the design. Planning

lifting operations start with the question: “How can this operation be done in a safe way?”

The “safe way” is dependent on:
— The building or structure where the lifting will take place
— The lifting equipment intended use
— The Use Case according to EN 17206 (if applicable)
— The load
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— The movement
— The technical skills of the responsible persons.

It is evident that in case the loads are bigger and heavier, the movements of the loads are more complex

and risk full and with possible environmental conditions that have an impact on the situation, the more

complex the engineering will be, to meet all the requirements in the artistic plan.

Besides the engineering the management process required for a safe lifting operation shall be robust.

This code of practices will describe the process of working and some of the issues that shall be considered

before the lifting operation can take place. If somewhere in this process changes have to be made some

of the previous phases have to be repeated. See Figure 1. This code of practices will also describe how to

act during the lifting operation and how to maintain the lifting equipment for subsequent use.

The process describes several preparatory phases and the lifting operation itself. It’s a description of

actions that leads to results, who bears responsibility for that result and, if applicable, on which

normative references it’s based.

The whole process description (see chapter 5) is based on a very large production in the event industry.

Productions like:
— Big rock concerts in arenas;
— Large musicals;
— Festival with several stages;
— Big operas.

Smaller productions or simple lifting movements follow much the same process and structure, however

they may combine several phases.

Depending on the kind of event the organizational structure will be different. The employer is responsible

for setting up an organizational structure with work descriptions, safety rules, employment protection

regulations and a responsibility structure.

The employer can assign duties to other employees. When assigning duties, these should be detailed

defined in writing.

To ensure a safe event all content and processes is planned in detail to guarantee a safe event (see

applicable local laws and regulations for additional information).

Risks shall be assessed and adequate measures for control of the risks shall be recorded in writing. A risk

assessment shall assess the risks of subcontractors and other people that may be affected. When a risk

assessment includes machinery hazards during lifting and motion operations, it should follow

EN ISO 12100 guidelines and EN 17206.

An evaluation after the event will help with future planning, estimating risks and to optimize the process.

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4.2 Project workflow and stakeholders
4.2.1 Project workflow

The project workflow is a schematic process description (see Figure 1), based on a very large production

in the event industry.

Depending on the kind of event the organizational structure can be less comprehensive but remains

basically the same.
The project work flow is time-wise split up in 4 phases:
— Design;
— Installation;
— Use;
— Dismantling and de-rigging
A detailed description of all steps is given in chapter 5.
4.2.2 Stakeholders
4.2.2.1 Initiator

The initiator of a project could be a private person, persons or company initiating a project and hiring all

staff and the venue only for this project; or it could be the director / employer at a particular venue like

an opera house with a mix of fixed employed personnel and sub-contractors.

In this standard, the initiator has the role of employer in the sense that it is highest in rank regarding

safety and safe work environment. Sometimes the initiator also could have the role of artistic designer.

4.2.2.2 Venue owner

The venue owner is a legal person or a legal entity owning the venue where the production takes place.

This can be, but is not limited to:

— A permanent building made of e.g. concrete and bricks with a permanent stage, stages or production

areas

— A permanent location that is temporarily used for staging or production purposes, like an old factory;

— Temporary demountable structures.

The venue owner shall provide documentation of the building’s structural capacity and operational code

of practice.
4.2.2.3 Artistic designer

The artistic designer shall cooperate with the production staff to achieve a safe and creative solution to

the task at hand.
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4.2.2.4 Technical production entity

The technical production entity can be one person, or a company with various persons carrying out this

task together.
Its responsibilities include:
— Overlaying all drawing from all departments in one set of drawings;

— Foreseeing, detecting problems and conflicts and addressing them to the client and other

stakeholders;
— monitoring the executing of tasks and responsibilities of others;
— Handing over plans to authorities for verification;
— Organising, chairing and documenting meetings;
— Formulating agreements between parties;
— Budgeting;
— Planning from concept (5.1) to evaluation (5.11)
4.2.2.5 Contractors

The contractors are the parties that carry out tasks as defined by the technical production. Contractors

can be companies like lighting, rigging companies (included self-employed) or departments of a

production house or venue.
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Figure 3 — Work flow for a large production
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5 Project phases for lifting and motion operation
5.1 Project concept: Develop a rough draft of the design

During the concept phase the artistic team develops a rough draft of the design, a ‘sketch’. In the concept

phase the assignment of the technical production and/or a WR G is required.
The technical production team should evaluate:
— The extent of the load.

— The structural load-bearing capacity of the building or structure where the lifting and motion

operation will take place.
— Environmental conditions
— The physical effects of the requested movements.
— Whether the lifting operation will take place above people.
5.2 Preliminary design: Working out the initial design concept

In the preliminary design phase, the initial design is worked out in more detail and drawing

...