prEN ISO 21368
(Main)Adhesives - Guidelines for the fabrication of adhesively bonded structures and reporting procedures suitable for the risk evaluation of such structures (ISO 21368:2022)
Adhesives - Guidelines for the fabrication of adhesively bonded structures and reporting procedures suitable for the risk evaluation of such structures (ISO 21368:2022)
This document provides guidelines describing the adhesive bonding quality requirements suitable for use by adhesive user-
companies utilizing adhesive bonding as a means of fabrication. In particular, the guidelines define various approaches to meeting
quality requirements for fabrication and reporting procedures, both in workshops and on site. These guidelines aim to convey the
importance of maintaining quality standards in fabrication and reporting procedures, keeping records and thus enabling
documentation to provide the basis for risk evaluation of adhesively bonded structures in service and in use.
These guidelines have been prepared such that:
a) they are independent of the type of adhesively bonded structure;
b) they are independent of adhesive user-companies’ and suppliers’ product recommendations;
c) they define the quality requirements for adhesive bonding in terms of fabrication and reporting procedures, both in workshops and
on site;
d) they can be used as the basis for risk evaluation of adhesively bonded structures in service and in use;
e) they can be used as a basis for assessing a fabricator's capability to produce adhesively bonded structures fulfilling specified
quality requirements when they are detailed in one or more of the following:
— a contract between the parties involved;
— an application standard;
— a regulatory statement.
The guidelines contained within this document can be adopted in full or selectively chosen by the adhesive user to suit the structure
concerned. The guidelines provide a flexible framework for the control of adhesive bonding activities in the following cases.
Case 1
The provision of specific requirements for adhesive bonding in contracts that require the adhesive user to have a quality system other
than ISO 9001.
Case 2
The provision of specific requirements for adhesive bonding as guidance to an adhesive user developing a quality system.
Case 3
The provision of specific requirements for references in application standards that uses adhesive bonding as part of its requirements
or in a contract between relevant parties.
Case 4
The provision of a framework for fabrication and reporting procedures to a quality standard, suitable in particular as a basis for the risk
evaluation of adhesively bonded structures
Klebstoffe - Richtlinien für die Herstellung geklebter Strukturen und Berichtsverfahren, die für die Risikobewertung solcher Strukturen geeignet sind (ISO 21368:2022)
Adhésifs - Lignes directrices pour la fabrication des structures collées par adhésifs et procédures pour l'établissement de rapports pour l'évaluation des risques liés à ces structures (ISO 21368:2022)
Lepila - Smernice za izdelavo lepljenih konstrukcij in postopki poročanja, primerni za oceno tveganja pri takšnih konstrukcijah (ISO 21368:2022)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 21368:2023
01-julij-2023
Lepila - Smernice za izdelavo lepljenih konstrukcij in postopki poročanja, primerni
za oceno tveganja pri takšnih konstrukcijah (ISO 21368:2022)Adhesives - Guidelines for the fabrication of adhesively bonded structures and reporting
procedures suitable for the risk evaluation of such structures (ISO 21368:2022)Klebstoffe - Richtlinien für die Herstellung geklebter Strukturen und Berichtsverfahren,
die für die Risikobewertung solcher Strukturen geeignet sind (ISO 21368:2022)Adhésifs - Lignes directrices pour la fabrication des structures collées par adhésifs et
procédures pour l'établissement de rapports pour l'évaluation des risques liés à ces
structures (ISO 21368:2022)Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21368
ICS:
83.180 Lepila Adhesives
oSIST prEN ISO 21368:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 21368:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21368
Second edition
2022-03
Adhesives — Guidelines for the
fabrication of adhesively bonded
structures and reporting procedures
suitable for the risk evaluation of such
structures
Adhésifs — Lignes directrices pour la fabrication des structures
collées par adhésifs et procédures pour l'établissement de rapports
pour l'évaluation des risques liés à ces structures
Reference number
ISO 21368:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 21368:2023
ISO 21368:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 21368:2023
ISO 21368:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vi
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Core element 1: Classification of adhesively bonded joints according to safety
requirements ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Definition of safety classes ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.3 Documentation of the classification according to safety classes ........................................................... 11
5 Core element 2: Adhesive bonding personnel (ABP)— Competences, knowledgeand experiences .................................................................................................................................................................................................11
5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
5.2 Adhesive bonding operators (ABO) ..................................................................................................................................12
5.2.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................................................12
5.2.2 Functions ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
5.2.3 Duties .........................................................................................................................................................................................12
5.2.4 Competences, knowledge and experiences .............................................................................................12
5.3 Adhesive bonding coordinator (ABC) ............................................................................................................................. 13
5.3.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................................................13
5.3.2 Functions ................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
5.3.3 Duties .........................................................................................................................................................................................13
5.3.4 Competences .......................................................................................................................................................................15
5.3.5 Organizational integration of adhesive bonding coordination..............................................15
5.4 Levels of competences, knowledge and experiences for adhesive bondingpersonnel (ABP) .................. .................................................... ............................................................................................................ 16
5.4.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.4.2 Requirements for each level of competences, knowledge and experiences ............... 16
5.5 Assignment of the three competence levels to the safety classes depending on the
respective scope of work — Correlation of the core elements ................................................................. 18
5.6 Comparability of competences, knowledge and experience ....................................................................... 19
5.7 Monitoring, inspection and testing personnel ........................................................................................................ 19
6 Core element 3: Design and verification of adhesively bonded joints .....................................................19
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
6.2 Assignment to safety classes .................................................................................................................................................. 19
6.3 Requirements to be met by the adhesively bonded joints ............................................................................ 20
6.4 Design of adhesively bonded joints ................................................................................................................................... 20
6.5 Adherends ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
6.6 Adhesive .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.7 Surface treatment ............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
6.8 Factors affecting the adhesive bonding process ................................................................................................... 21
6.9 Verification ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ 21
6.9.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
6.9.2 Method 1 — Load in use < maximum load capacity ........................................................................ 21
6.9.3 Method 2 — Component testing ........................................................................................................................ 22
6.9.4 Method 3 — Documented experience .......................................................................................................... 22
6.9.5 Method 4 — Combination of methods 1 to 3 ..........................................................................................22
7 Drafting contracts and subcontracting (outsourcing) .............................................................................................22
7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................22
7.2 Subcontracting (Outsourcing) ............................................................................................................................................... 23
7.2.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................................................23
7.2.2 Deciding on subcontracting ................................... ................................................................................................ 24
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ISO 21368:2022(E)
7.2.3 Details and documentation of procurement ........................................................................................... 24
7.2.4 Selection of external service provider (subcontractor/supplier) andcontracting ........................................................................................................................................................................... 24
7.2.5 Management of external service providers (subcontractors/suppliers) ......................25
8 Workmanship .......................................................................................................................................................................................................25
8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
8.2 General process requirements .............................................................................................................................................. 25
8.2.1 Production planning .................................................................................................................................................... 25
8.2.2 Process design ...................................................................................................................................................................25
8.2.3 Planning the use of production aids and tools ...................................................................................... 26
8.2.4 Production documents ............................................................................................................................................... 27
8.2.5 Process approval ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
8.2.6 Transport, storage and logistics for adhesives, auxiliary materials andadherends .............................................................................................................................................................................. 27
8.2.7 Production environment ..........................................................................................................................................28
8.2.8 Materials .................................................................................................................................................................................29
8.2.9 Preparation of work stations and acclimatization of materials ............................................29
8.2.10 Health and safety and environmental protection .............................................................................30
8.2.11 Checking for fitting accuracy concerning shape, position and dimension ..................30
8.2.12 Checks prior to start of production ................................................................................................................30
8.2.13 Treatment of the adherend surfaces .............................................................................................................. 31
8.2.14 Dosing, mixing and application .......................................................................................................................... 32
8.2.15 Inspection and testing during adhesive bonding and adhesive solidification .........33
8.2.16 Joining the adherends .................................................................................................................................................33
8.2.17 Fixing .........................................................................................................................................................................................34
8.2.18 Solidification of the adhesive ...............................................................................................................................34
8.2.19 Inspection and testing of finished components................................................................................... 35
8.2.20 Packaging and transport of adhesively bonded components .................................................. 35
8.3 Work instructions: minimum requirements ............................................................................................................ 35
8.4 Process reliability ............................................................................................................................................................................. 37
8.4.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
8.4.2 Quality planning .............................................................................................................................................................. 37
8.4.3 Control of planning and manufacturing documents ....................................................................... 37
8.4.4 Process validation .......................................................................................................................................................... 37
8.4.5 Production-accompanying work samples as proof of application quality ...................38
8.4.6 Quality control of process reliability/traceability ............................................................................39
8.4.7 Instruction of adhesive bonding personnel (ABP) ............................................................................40
8.4.8 Post-adhesive bonding finishing .......................................................................................................................40
8.5 Rework ........................................................................................................................................................................................................40
8.6 Quality assurance .............................................................................................................................................................................40
8.6.1 General .....................................................................................................................................................................................40
8.6.2 Quality planning ..............................................................................................................................................................40
8.6.3 Quality inspection .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
8.6.4 Action in the case of deviations ......................................................................................................................... 41
8.6.5 Monitoring of measuring and test equipment and of production aids andtools ........................................................................................................................................... .................................................. 42
8.6.6 Imperfections in adhesively bonded joints .............................................................................................. 42
8.6.7 Control of non-conforming products ............................................................................................................ 43
8.6.8 Preventive and corrective action ..................................................................................................................... 43
9 Maintenance and repair ............................................................................................................................................................................43
9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
9.2 Planning of maintenance and repair ................................................................................................................................ 43
9.3 Maintenance and repair instructions .............................................................................................................................44
9.4 Performing maintenance work/execution rules ...................................................................................................44
9.5 Documentation .................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
9.6 Sub-contracting .................................................................................................................................................................................. 45
Annex A (informative) Assistance for providing adhesive bonding technology competences ..........46
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ISO 21368:2022(E)
Annex B (informative) Requirements .............................................................................................................................................................63
Annex C (informative) Guideline for the implementation of the design of adhesively bonded
joints and its verification .........................................................................................................................................................................64
Annex D (informative) Criteria for choosing an adhesive bonding system ............................................................83
Annex E (informative) Description of non-destructive and destructive testing methods .....................86
Annex F (informative) Description of accelerating ageing tests .........................................................................................89
Annex G (informative) Examples of non-decorative and decorative imperfections ofadhesive bonds ...................................................................................................................................................................................................93
Annex H (informative) Example of a job history sheet ..................................................................................................................95
Annex I (informative) Notes on quality planning................................................................................................................................96
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................98
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oSIST prEN ISO 21368:2023
ISO 21368:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11,
Products.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 21368:2005), which has been technically
revised.The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— broadening of the terms and definitions to include relevant processing and manufacturing terms;
— classification of adhesively bonded joints according to safety requirements;— clarification of the competences, knowledge and experience of adhesive bonding personnel;
— comprehensive explanation the design of adhesively bonded joints;— thorough description of surface treatment procedures;
— extensive account of how to assemble/manufacture of adhesively bonded joints.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 21368:2023
ISO 21368:2022(E)
Introduction
Adhesive bonding technology is used widely internationally to fabricate many of the structures in
the adhesive-using industry. In some companies, it is the key feature to production. Such structures
range from microelectronic encapsulation to the structure and reinforcement of aircraft wings and
bridges. Adhesive bonding technology appeals to industry across sectors and applications because it
allows flexibility in the selection of materials, product design and product manufacture up to the final
assembly. As such, adhesive bonding technology exerts a profound influence on the cost of fabrication
and the quality of the product, thus allowing significant production savings and a competitive
advantage in comparison with traditional methods of manufacture. It is important, therefore, to ensure
that adhesive bonding technology is carried out in the most effective way and that appropriate control
is exercised over all aspects of the operation. If used properly and professionally, the adhesive bonding
technology is undoubtedly able to meet the requirements of circular economy and eco-design.
Within the ISO 9000 series of standards for quality systems, adhesive bonding technology is to be
treated as a “special process” since adhesively bonded joints cannot be fully verified by subsequent
inspection and testing of the product to ensure the required quality standards have been met.
As per today’s knowledge, adhesively bonded joints cannot be inspected into a product. The task is
to install them faultlessly from the outset. Even the most extensive and sophisticated non-destructive
testing does not improve the quality of adhesively bonded joints.For adhesively bonded structures to be effective and fit for purpose in service, there is a need to provide
controls from the design stage through material selection to manufacture and subsequent inspection.
Poor design for adhesive bonding creates serious risks and costly difficulties in the workshop, on site
or in service. Inadequate consideration of the materials to be adhesively bonded and the choice of
adhesive may result in adhesive bonding problems such as lack of adhesion or inadequate gap-filling of
the structure. It is therefore essential for adhesive bonding procedures to be correctly formulated and
approved to avoid imperfections. Comprehensive and qualified supervision ensures that the specified
quality is achieved.To ensure the quality of adhesively bonded structures on an international level and to make the quality
of adhesively bonded structures internationally comparable, the task of management is to:
— identify possible sources of error;— create organizational structures that prevent these sources of error from the outset; and
— introduce suitable quality procedures.For these reasons, this document represents the state of the art for the professional organization of
adhesive bonding processes in all areas of industry and trade in a holistic and international view. It
also applies analogously to sealing processes if the function of the seal is only to secure and support
adhesively bonded joints. The consideration of adhesive bonding technology according to this document
comprises, starting with the first idea, the development of adhesively bonded joints (pre-production),
continues through production, i.e. the manufacture of adhesively bonded joints (in-production), to the
finished adhesively bonded product including its maintenance, repair and disposal (post-production).
This holistic approach also includes the quality assurance of production, inspection and maintenance,
including the repair and disposal of adhesively bonded joints. The approach according to this document
is, without exception and in any case, independent of the lot size as well as the respective area of
application.This document establishes definitions and sets out organizational, management technical, contractual
and technical principles to be followed when manufacturing adhesively bonded joints. This is achieved
by defining three essential core elements:— Core element 1: the classification of each
...
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