EN ISO 20044:2024
(Main)Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Air: aerosol particles - Test method using sampling by filter media (ISO 20044:2022)
Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Air: aerosol particles - Test method using sampling by filter media (ISO 20044:2022)
This document provides guidance for
— the sampling process of the aerosol particles in the air using filter media. This document takes into account the specific behaviour of aerosol particles in ambient air.
— Two methods for sampling procedures with subsequent or simultaneous measurement:
— the determination of the activity concentration of radionuclides bound to aerosol particles in the air knowing the activity deposited in the filter;
— the operating use of continuous air monitoring devices used for real time measurement.
This document describes the test method to determine activity concentrations of radionuclides bound to aerosol particles after air sampling passing through a filter media designed to trap aerosol particles. The method can be used for any type of environmental study or monitoring.
This document does not cover the details of measurement test techniques (gamma spectroscopy, global alpha and beta counting, liquid scintillation, alpha spectrometry) used to determine the activity deposited in the media filter, which are either based on existing standards or internal methods developed by the laboratory in charge of those measurements. Also, this document does not cover the variability of the aerosol particle sizes as given by the composition of the dust contained in ambient air. This document does not address to sampling of radionuclides bound to aerosol particles in the effluent air of nuclear facilities [see ISO 2889:2021].
Bestimmung der Radioaktivität in der Umwelt - Luft: Aerosole - Messverfahren mittels Sammlung auf Filtern (ISO 20044:2022)
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l'environnement - Air: particules d'aérosol - Méthode d’essai utilisant l’échantillonnage par un média filtrant (ISO 20044:2022)
Merjenje radioaktivnosti v okolju - Zrak: aerosolni delci - Preskusna metoda z vzorčenjem s filtrirnimi mediji (ISO 20044:2022)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2024
Merjenje radioaktivnosti v okolju - Zrak: aerosolni delci - Preskusna metoda z
vzorčenjem s filtrirnimi mediji (ISO 20044:2022)
Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Air: aerosol particles - Test method
using sampling by filter media (ISO 20044:2022)
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l'environnement - Air: particules d'aérosol - Méthode
d’essai utilisant l’échantillonnage par un média filtrant (ISO 20044:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 20044
ICS:
13.040.01 Kakovost zraka na splošno Air quality in general
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20044
First edition
2022-12
Measurement of radioactivity in the
environment — Air: aerosol particles
— Test method using sampling by
filter media
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l'environnement — Air: particules
d'aérosol — Méthode d’essai utilisant l’échantillonnage par un média
filtrant
Reference number
ISO 20044:2022(E)
ISO 20044:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 20044:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols . 5
5 Principle . 6
6 Sampling . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Choice of criteria for sampling location . 9
6.3 Criteria for sampling duration . . 9
6.4 Criteria for sampling equipment . 9
6.5 Criteria for filter .12
6.6 Criteria for air volume and flow-rate measurement .12
7 From filter collecting to deferred deposited activity measurement report .12
8 Determination of the activity concentration in the air from deferred measurement
results .13
8.1 General .13
8.2 Model of evaluation . 13
8.3 Relative standard uncertainty . 14
8.4 Decision threshold . 14
8.5 Detection limit . 14
8.6 Expression of activity concentration results . 14
[11]
9 Real time measurement with continuous air monitor .14
9.1 Context . 14
9.2 Description of CAM .15
9.3 Operating use of CAM . 17
10 Quality assurance and quality control .17
10.1 General . 17
10.2 Sample identification, handling, and storage . 17
10.3 Sampling equipment . 17
10.4 Documentation and record keeping . 18
[16]
Annex A (informative) Radionuclides in the atmosphere .19
Annex B (informative) General information on aerosol behaviour .21
Annex C (informative) Example of sampling head and characterizations .25
Annex D (informative) Examples of some sampling filters characteristics .27
Annex E (informative) Example of sampling information sheet .30
Annex F (informative) Characterization of the transport line .31
Annex G (informative) Example of calculation of the activity concentration in the air from
deferred measurement .33
Annex H (informative) Illustration of CAM empirical minimum detectable activity
concentration setup and its associated response time .37
Bibliography .43
iii
ISO 20044:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies,
and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 20044:2022(E)
Introduction
Everyone is exposed to natural radiation. The natural sources of radiation are cosmic rays and naturally
occurring radioactive substances that exist in the earth and flora and fauna, including the human body.
Human activities involving the use of radiation and radioactive substances add to the radiation exposure
from this natural exposure. Some of those activities, such as the mining and use of ores containing
naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and the production of energy by burning coal that
contains such substances, simply enhance the exposure from natural radiation sources. Nuclear power
plants and other nuclear installations use radioactive materials and produce radioactive effluent and
waste during operation and decommissioning. The use of radioactive materials in industry, agriculture
and research is expanding around the globe.
All these human activities give rise to radiation exposures that are only a small fraction of the global
average level of natural exposure. The medical use of radiation is the largest and a growing man-made
source of radiation exposure in developed countries. It includes diagnostic radiology, radiotherapy,
nuclear medicine and interventional radiology.
Radiation exposure also occurs as a result of occupational activities. It is incurred by workers in
industry, medicine and research using radiation or radioactive substances, as well as by crew during
air travel. The average level of occupational exposures is generally similar to the global average level of
[1]
natural radiation exposure .
As uses of radiation increase, so do the potential health risk and the public's concerns. Thus, all these
exposures are regularly assessed in order to:
— improve the understanding of global levels and temporal trends of public and worker exposure;
— evaluate the components of exposure so as to provide a measure of their relative importance;
— identify emerging issues that may warrant more attention and study. While doses to workers are
mostly directly measured, doses to the public are usually assessed by indirect methods using the
results of measurements of the activity concentration in or specific activity of waste, effluent and/
or environmental samples.
To ensure that the data obtained from radioactivity monitoring programs support their intended use, it
is essential that the stakeholders (for example nuclear site operators, regulatory and local au
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.