EN 15335:2007

Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Determination of elastic properties by resonant beam method up to 2 000 °C

This European Standard specifies the resonant beam method for the determination of the dynamic elastic moduli of fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites from 20 °C up to 2 000 °C in vacuum or inert atmosphere. The Young´s moduli and the shear moduli for different orientations with respect to the main axes of symmetry of the composite can be obtained.
This document applies to ceramic matrix composites with fibre reinforcement: short fibres, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (xD, with 2  x  3) which have at least orthothropic symmetry.
NOTE 1   Dynamic means that the elastic moduli are determined non-quasistatically, i.e. under adiabatic conditions, as with the ultrasonic method set out in ENV 14186. The elastic moduli determined by this method may not be compared with moduli obtained in an isothermal condition by stressing statically or quasistatically as with EN 658-1, EN 658-2, EN 1892, EN 1893, EN 12290 and EN 12291.
NOTE 2   The ceramic matrix composites with fibre reinforcement, listed above, are denoted as “composites” in the course of the document.

Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Bestimmung der elastischen Eigenschaften bei Verwendung des Resonanz­Verfahrens bis 2 000 °C

Diese Europäische Norm legt das Resonanz Verfahren für die Bestimmung der dynamischen Elastizitäts¬moduln von faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen mit keramischer Matrix von 20 °C bis 2 000 °C im Vakuum oder in inerter Atmosphäre fest. Die Elastizitätsmoduln und die Schermoduln können für verschiedene Orientierungen in Bezug auf die Hauptsymmetrieachsen des Verbundwerkstoffes ermittelt werden.
Dieses Dokument gilt für faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe mit keramischer Matrix: Kurzfasern, unidirektional (1D), bidirektional (2D) und mehrdirektional (xD, bei 2 < x  3) und mit mindestens orthotroper Symmetrie.
ANMERKUNG 1   Dynamisch bedeutet, dass die Elastizitätsmoduln nicht quasistatisch, d. h. unter adiabatischen Bedingungen wie z. B. mit dem Ultraschall Verfahren nach ENV 14186, ermittelt werden. Die nach diesem Verfahren ermittelten Elastizitätsmoduln dürfen nicht mit den unter isothermen Bedingungen durch statische oder quasistatische Beanspruchung, beispielsweise nach EN 658 1, EN 658 2, EN 1892, EN 1893, EN 12290 und EN 12291, ermittelten Moduln verglichen werden.
ANMERKUNG 2   Die oben angeführten faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffe mit keramischer Matrix werden im vorliegenden Dokument als „Verbundwerkstoffe“ bezeichnet.

Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Détermination des propriétés élastiques par une méthode de résonance sur poutres, jusqu'à 2 000 °C

La présente Norme européenne spécifie la méthode dite de la poutre vibrante qui permet de déterminer les modules d’élasticité dynamique de matériaux composites à matrice céramique renforcée par des fibres, de 20 °C jusqu'à 2 000 °C, dans une atmosphère sous vide ou inerte. Il est ainsi possible d'obtenir les modules de Young et de cisaillement pour différentes orientations par rapport aux principaux axes de symétrie du matériau composite.
Le présent document s'applique aux matériaux composites à matrice céramique à renfort fibreux : fibres courtes, unidirectionnelles (1D), bidirectionnelles (2D) et tridirectionnelles (xD, avec 2  x  3) ayant au moins une symétrie orthotrope.
NOTE 1   Dynamique signifie que les modules d'élasticité sont déterminés de façon non quasi statique, c'est-à-dire dans des conditions adiabatiques, comme avec la méthode ultrasonore définie dans l'ENV 14186. Les modules d'élasticité déterminés au moyen de cette méthode ne peuvent pas être comparés aux modules obtenus en conditions isothermes, par contrainte statique ou quasi-statique, comme dans les normes EN 658-1, EN 658-2, EN 1892, EN 1893, EN 12290 et EN 12291.
NOTE 2   Dans le présent document, les matériaux composites à matrice céramique à renfort fibreux, tels qu'énumérés ci-dessus, sont désignés par le terme générique « composites ».

Sodobna tehnična keramika - Keramični kompoziti - Določanje upogibnih lastnosti z resonančno metodo žarka do 2000 °C

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-May-2007
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Nov-2007
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 184 - Advanced technical ceramics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 184/SC 1 - Ceramic composites
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 06-Sep-2024
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN 15335:2009 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Determination of elastic properties by resonant beam method up to 2 000 °C

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Bestimmung der elastischen Eigenschaften bei Verwendung des Resonanz­Verfahrens bis 2 000 °CCéramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Détermination des propriétés élastiques par une méthode de résonance sur poutres, jusqu'a 2 000 °CAdvanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Determination of elastic properties by resonant beam method up to 2 000 °C81.060.30Sodobna keramikaAdvanced ceramicsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15335:2007SIST EN 15335:2009en01-februar-2009SIST EN 15335:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15335
May 2007 ICS 81.060.30 English Version
Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Determination of elastic properties by resonant beam method up to 2 000 °C
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Détermination des propriétés élastiques par une méthode de résonance sur poutres, jusqu'à 2 000 °C
Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Bestimmung der elastischen Eigenschaften bei Verwendung des Resonanz-Verfahrens bis 2 000 °C This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 April 2007.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels © 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15335:2007: ESIST EN 15335:2009

Example.21 A.1 General.21 A.2 Measurement.23 A.3 First evaluation step.24 A.4 Second evaluation step.26 A.5 Results.26 Bibliography.28
ratio of transverse strain to the corresponding axial strain NOTE E11, E22 and E33 are the elastic moduli in directions 1, 2 and 3 respectively, G12, G13 and G23 are the shear moduli in the corresponding planes and ν12, ν13, ν23 are the respective Poisson ratios. SIST EN 15335:2009

Key a control and evaluation unit h transducer in a water-cooled housing: the Transmitter b network analyser i transducer in a water-cooled housing: the Receiver c temperature control j insulating felt d pyrometer k prismatic test specimen e thermocouple l heating element f vacuum vessel m carbon fibre loops g pumping unit
NOTE The prismatic test specimen is excited to bending vibrations and the frequency spectrum is transmitted by carbon fibre-bundle loops attached to transducers in water-cooled housings (right), [1], [2]. Figure 1 — Schematic of the resonant beam method apparatus SIST EN 15335:2009

NOTE 1 Type B thermocouples should be used. NOTE 2 Vacuum combined with graphite heating elements and carbon fibre insulating felts may degrade the thermocouples, thus the calibration of the thermocouples should be controlled after every temperature cycle beyond 1 200 °C. 6.5.3 Personal computer A personal computer for data acquisition, controlling and evaluation of results. The personal computer does not need any specific requirement. 6.6 Balance A laboratory balance capable of weighing the test specimen to the nearest 1 mg. SIST EN 15335:2009

Key 1, 2, 3 axes of the Cartesian coordinate system for the specimen's notation L length W width B thickness E’11 longitudinal modulus G’13 interlaminar shear modulus from flatwise vibration G’12 intralaminar shear modulus from edgewise vibration, [1] NOTE 1 The horizontal lines indicate the plies of the composite. NOTE 2 Flatwise vibration means transverse vibration of the specimen in the plane 1,3 (along the thickness B), edgewise vibration means transverse vibration in the plane 1,2 (along the width W). Figure 2 — Schematic representation of a test specimen, cut out from a plate of a 2D fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composite SIST EN 15335:2009

Key a frequency (kHz) b signal (dBm) Figure 3 — Example for a frequency spectrum (carbon-carbon composite) from 4 to 100 kHz 8.4 Measurement at high temperatures Heat up the test specimen (a rate of 25 °C per minute should be maintained) and hold the temperature at steps of 200 °C. After the temperature at a specific temperature level stays constant, store the frequency spectrum (as performed in 8.3). The resonant sites already identified at room temperature (see 8.3) should appear again and should be identified at the specific temperature level again. NOTE The resonant sites may shift with temperature and the shape of the sites may change, it is recommended to try to identify the sites again and to follow the shift at each level of temperature. SIST EN 15335:2009

[]{}0)sin()sinh()(1)3()()cos()cosh(222222222=−−+−+−nnn2nnnnbbsrbsrsrrbbbbβαβα (1) with: 2nbsrsr4)()(2122222+−++−=α (2a) 2n222224)()(21bsrsr+−++=β (2b) 2f2ALIr= (2c) f1122GkErs′= (2d) 2n4f112n1ωρLAIEb′= (2e) where: E’11 Young’s modulus in the direction of the beam, in Pascal (Pa); Gf shear modulus, in Pascal (Pa), which is equal to G’13 for flatwise and equal to G’12 for edgewise vibrations. vf Poisson ratio, which is equal to ’13 for flatwise and equal to ’12 for edgewise vibrations; k shear correction factor, see 9.2.3 and 9.2.4. The isotropic shear correction factor (9.2.3) is used in the first evaluation step and the anisotropic shear correction factor (9.2.4) is used in the second evaluation step; A cross-section area of the beam, in square meter (m2); L length of the beam, in meter (m); nω n- th eigenfrequency (angular frequency), per second (s-1); SIST EN 15335:2009

and vf are linked via the relation )1(2f11fν+′=EG (2f) 9.2.3 Isotropic shear correction factor The isotopic shear correction factor k [5] for beams, which is used in the first evaluation step, is given in Equations (3a) and (3b). The conversion from the Poisson ratio νf to the shear modulus Gf is given in (3c). −++−=22fi5f149)1(2BWCWBkνν (3a) ()∑∞=+−++−−=1f5552ff2f223i)1(tanh1651512454nnWBnWBnWWBBWBCνπππννν (3b) where the superscript “i” in Ci denotes, that this is the constant for the isotropic case. )1(2f11fν+′=EG (3c) 9.2.4 Anisotropic shear correction factor The anisotropic shear correction factor k [6] for beams, which is used in the second evaluation step, is given in Equations (4a) and (4b). −+′−=eeff2ef11ννIICIAGEka (4a) SIST EN 15335:2009
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