EN 14501:2020

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Rolete in polkna - Toplotno in vizualno ugodje - Delovne karakteristike in klasifikacijaAbschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Leistungsanforderungen und KlassifizierungFermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Caractérisation des performances et classificationBlinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Performance characteristics and classification91.060.50Vrata in oknaDoors and windowsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:prEN 14501oSIST prEN 14501:2018en,fr,de01-julij-2018oSIST prEN 14501:2018SLOVENSKI

Blinds and shutters æ Thermal and visual comfort æ Performance characteristics and classification Fermetures et stores æ Confort thermique et lumineux æCaractérisation des performances et classification

Abschlüsse æ Thermischer und visueller Komfort æ Leistungsanforderungen und Klassifizierung This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiryä It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

If this draft becomes a European Standardá CEN members are bounwhich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three ofer language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä

Recipients of this draft are invited to submitá with their commentsá notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentationä

Warning ã This document is not a European Standardä It is distributed for review and commentsä It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standardä

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

t r s z CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä prEN

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................... 6 3 Terms, definitions and symbols ................................................................................................................ 7 4 Notations used ................................................................................................................................................. 9 4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Visual or solar properties ........................................................................................................................... 9 4.3 Geometry of the radiation ........................................................................................................................... 9 4.4 Optical factors ...............................................................................................................................................10 5 Thermal comfort ..........................................................................................................................................11 5.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................11 5.2 Control of solar gains – Total solar energy transmittance gtot .....................................................11 5.3 Secondary heat gains – Secondary heat transfer factor qi, tot ........................................................13 5.4 Protection from direct transmission – e, n-n .............13 6 Visual comfort ...............................................................................................................................................14 6.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................14 6.2 Darkening performance ............................................................................................................................16 6.3 Glare control ..................................................................................................................................................17 6.4 Night privacy ..................................................................................................................................................19 6.5 Visual contact with the outside ...............................................................................................................19 6.6 Daylight utilisation ......................................................................................................................................20 6.7 Rendering of colours ...................................................................................................................................20 Annex A (normative)

Reference glazing ...........................................................................................................22 A.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................22 A.2 Glazing A ..........................................................................................................................................................22 A.3 Glazing B ..........................................................................................................................................................22 A.4 Glazing C ..........................................................................................................................................................23 A.5 Glazing D ..........................................................................................................................................................24 A.6 Glazing E ..........................................................................................................................................................24 Annex B (informative)

The meaning of the secondary internal heat transfer factor qi, tot..............26 Annex C (informative)

Example of performance presentation ................................................................27 C.1 Thermal comfort ..........................................................................................................................................27 C.2 Visual comfort ...............................................................................................................................................27 Annex D (informative)

Daylight Glare Probability ........................................................................................29 D.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................29 D.2 Glare ..................................................................................................................................................................29 D.3 Daylight Glare Probability ........................................................................................................................29 oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 3 D.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................ 29 D.3.2 Annual evaluation ....................................................................................................................................... 30 D.3.3 Simplified annual glare evaluation ....................................................................................................... 31 Annex E (normative)

Opacity performance of curtain material .............................................................. 37 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................ 38

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 4 European foreword This document (prEN 14501:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors, windows, shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry. This document will supersede EN 14501:2005. oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard is a part of a series of standards dealing with blinds and shutters for buildings as defined in EN 12216. The characteristics covered by this standard are specific requirements that are complementary to the intrinsic requirements that internal blinds, external blinds or shutters shall fulfil in accordance with EN 13120, EN 13561 and EN 13659, respectively. oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 6 1 Scope This document applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as solar protection devices in this document. It specifies the corresponding properties and classifications: — relating to thermal comfort: — the solar factor (total solar energy transmittance); — the secondary heat transfer factor; — the direct solar transmittance; — relating to visual comfort: — the darkening performance; — the night privacy; — the visual contact with the outside; — the glare control; — the daylight utilization; — the rendering of colours. NOTE For other purposes, more detailed methods using different parameters can be used. Some of the characteristics (e.g. gtot) are not applicable when solar protection devices are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings). This document is not applicable to the solar protection devices using fluorescent materials. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 410, Glass in building - Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing EN 12216, Shutters, external blinds, internal blinds - Terminology, glossary and definitions EN ISO 52022-1, Energy performance of buildings - Thermal, solar and daylight properties of building components and elements - Part 1: Simplified calculation method of the solar and daylight characteristics for solar protection devices combined with glazing (ISO 52022-1)1 EN ISO 52022-3, Energy performance of buildings - Thermal, solar and daylight properties of building components and elements - Part 3: Detailed calculation method of the solar and daylight characteristics for solar protection devices combined with glazing (ISO 52022-3)2 prEN 14500:2018, Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test methods

1 EN ISO 52022-1 supersedes EN 13363-1. 2 EN ISO 52022-3 supersedes EN 13363-2. oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 7 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12216 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

ratio of the transmitted flux to the incident flux (see Figure 1) Note 1 to entry: A more detailed definition is given in prEN 14500:2018. 3.2

ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux (see Figure 1) Note 1 to entry: A more detailed definition is given in prEN 14500:2018. 3.3

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 8 3.4 openness coefficient ratio between the area of the openings and the total area of a fabric Note 1 to entry: For identical fabrics that differ only by the colour, the openness coefficient is considered as independent of the colour. Note 2 to entry: The openness coefficient is determined according to prEN 14500:2018. 3.5 solar factor g (total solar energy transmittance) ratio between the total solar energy transmitted into a room through a window and the incident solar energy on the window Note 1 to entry: g is the solar factor of the glazing alone; gtot is the solar factor of the combination of a glazing and a solar protection device. 3.6 shading factor Fc ratio of the solar factor of the combined glazing and solar protection device gtot to that of the glazing alone g gtotF=cg Note 1 to entry: In some countries, Fc is known as z. 3.7 secondary internal heat transfer factor qi, tot part of the total absorbed radiation which is flowing inwards through the glazing and the combined shading device 3.8 colour rendering index Ra index designed to express synthetically a quantitative evaluation of the differences in colour between eight test colours lit directly by the standard illuminant D65 and by the same illuminant transmitted through the solar protection device 3.9 op uniform temperature of a room in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of heat by radiation plus convection as in the actual non-uniform environment Note 1 to entry: op, it is recommended to refer to EN ISO 13791 or EN ISO 13792. 3.10 light exclusion system part of the solar protection device intended to reduce peripheral light penetration Note 1 to entry: A guiding system may qualify as a light exclusion system, but only if the curtain penetrates the guiding channels. 3.11 cut-off angle first angle of incidence at which the direct light transmittance is no longer perceivable Note 1 to entry: A more detailed definition is given in prEN 14500:2018. oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 9 4 Notations used 4.1 General For the are labelled with subscripts which indicate: — the visual or solar properties; — the geometry of the incident and the transmitted or reflected radiation. 4.2 Visual or solar properties According to the respective spectrum the following subscripts are used: — « e »

solar (energetic) characteristics, given for the total solar spectrum, (wavelengths

visual characteristics, given for the standard illuminant D65 weighted with the sensitivity of the human eye (wavelengths

from 380 nm to 780 nm), according to EN 410. 4.3 Geometry of the radiation The following subscripts are used to indicate the geometry of the incident radiation and the geometry of the transmitted or reflected radiation (see Figure 2). NOTE A more detailed definition is given in prEN 14500:2018. — « dir »

for normal, or near normal in case of reflected radiation, the angle of incidence is

for hemispherical (collected in the half space behind the sample plane); — « dif »

Key 1 solar protection device 2 incident directional light or solar radiation 3 transmitted direct component of light or solar radiation 4 transmitted diffuse component of light or solar radiation Figure 2 — Direct and diffuse components of transmitted radiation 4.4 Optical factors The optical factors are designated as follows: — e, n-n normal/normal solar transmittance; u v, n-n normal/normal light transmittance; u v, n-dif normal/diffuse light transmittance; u v, n-h normal/hemispherical light transmittance; u v, dif-h diffuse/hemispherical light transmittance. oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 11 5 Thermal comfort 5.1 General op op depends on the air temperature, the air velocity and the temperature of the surrounding surfaces. Solar gains shall be controlled in order to limit the operative temperature. The classification of the total solar energy transmittance gtot is given in 5.2.4. Solar protection devices influence the thermal comfort in three aspects: — The mean operative temperature and/or the cooling loads are influenced by the solar gains which mainly depend on the size of the windows and the total solar energy transmittance gtot. — The solar protection device may cause higher local values of op when irradiated by the sun due to higher temperatures on the inner surface of the glazing or solar protection device. This effect is quantified by the secondary internal heat transfer factor qi, tot. — The solar protection device may prevent persons and surroundings in the room from being irradiated directly. This effect is quantified by the direct-direct solar transmittance e, dir-dir. The performance classes for the thermal comfort used in the following clauses are specified in Table 1. Table 1 — Definition of classes Class Influence on thermal comfort 0 1 2 3 4 very little effect little effect moderate effect good effect very good effect 5.2 Control of solar gains – Total solar energy transmittance gtot 5.2.1 General The limitation of solar gains is one of the most important aspects of summer thermal comfort. It also strongly reduces the energy consumption of cooling systems. The solar gains are directly proportional to the total solar energy transmittance gtot. gtot depends on the glazing and the solar protection device. gtot may be determined for the five different reference glazing given in Annex A using either the methodology given in 5.2.2 or in 5.2.3. For general product labelling or performance declaration (independent from the installation conditions), the calculation according to 5.2.2 and the reference glazing C, specified in Annex A, shall be used. The solar factor g of glazing alone, needed for the calculation of gtot, shall be calculated according to EN 410. The influence of solar protection devices on the solar gains can also be represented by the shading factor FC. The shading factor depends not only on the solar protection device but also on the glazing. If FC is used for product characterisation, it should be given for the 5 different reference glazing, defined in Annex A. For venetian blinds, the values of the total solar factor gtot shall be specified for at least two positions: — The fully closed position of the slats at normal incidence; — The slats tilted at 45° and irradiation with 30° altitude angle, 0° azimuth angle. In the case of roller shutters with light and ventilation slots, gtot shall be calculated: — In the fully extended and closed position at normal incidence; — In the fully extended and open position at normal incidence. oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 12 NOTE 1 corre specified in EN ISO 52022-1 can be used as the direct-hemispherical solar transmittance except for mirror-finish products and under the boundary condition that there is no direct solar transmission at the tilt angle of the slats under consideration. NOTE 2 A direct calorimetric measurement of gtot is given by ISO 19467. NOTE 3 For a more detailed method for the calculation of the transmittance and the reflectance of slatted devices, see the calculation method given in EN ISO 52022-3. The view factors given in Annex D of EN ISO 52022-3:2017 are only applicable for venetian blinds with a ratio of d/l =1 for slat width l and slat distance d.

prEN 14500:2018 and ISO TR 52022-2 provide additional view factors for other configurations. 5.2.2 Determination of gtot – Simplified method: installation conditions unknown When the installation conditions are unknown, gtot shall be calculated according to EN ISO 52022-1. The necessary data for the calculation are the following: — e solar transmittance of the solar protection device; u e solar reflectance of the outer surface of the solar protection device; u g solar factor of the glazing; u U thermal transmittance of the glazing. 5.2.3 Determination of gtot – Detailed method: installation conditions known When the site installation conditions are known and/or more accurate values are required, gtot shall be calculated according to EN ISO 52022-3. The necessary data for the calculation are the following: — ()n-h normal/hemispherical spectral transmittance of the solar protection device; — ()n-h and ’()n-h

normal/hemispherical spectral reflectances of the solar protection device for each side; — , ' emissivities of the solar protection device surfaces; — Co openness coefficient as a measure for the size of the openings (fabrics only); — the spectral characteristics of each pane of the glazing; — the emissivity of each surface of each pane of the glazing; — the thickness and nature of gas space. In EN ISO 52022-3, two different sets of boundary conditions are specified: summer conditions and reference (mean winter) conditions. Care should be taken to choose the correct set of boundary conditions according to the project specifications and the national regulations. If spectral dataccuracy of the calculations. 5.2.4 Performance classes The classification of gtot is specified in Table 2 with the classes quoted in Table 1. oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 13 Table 2 — Total solar energy transmittance gtot — Classification Class 0 1 2 3 4 gtot gtot

¶gtot < 0,15 gtot < 0,1 5.3 Secondary heat gains – Secondary heat transfer factor qi, tot 5.3.1 General The total solar energy transmitted through a facade consists of two parts: — radiation in the solar range, measured by the solar transmittance e, tot; — heat (thermal radiation and convection), measured by the secondary heat transfer factor qi,tot. The secondary heat transfer factor qi, tot of the combination of glazing and solar protection device shall be calculated with the following formula: qi, tot = gtot – e, tot qi,tot may be determined for the five different reference glazing given in Annex A using either the methodology given in 5.3.2 or in 5.3.3. For general product labelling (independent from the installation conditions), the calculation for qi,tot according to 5.3.2 and the reference glazing C, specified in Annex A, shall be used. NOTE An example explaining the meaning of qi, tot is given in Annex B. 5.3.2 Determination of qi, tot – Simplified method The direct solar e, tot and the total solar transmittance gtot of the combination of a glazing and a solar protection device shall be calculated according to EN ISO 52022-1. 5.3.3 Determination of qi, tot – Detailed method e, tot and the total solar transmittance gtot of the combination of a glazing and a solar protection device shall be calculated according to EN ISO 52022-3. In EN ISO 52022-3, two different sets of boundary conditions are specified: summer conditions and reference (mean winter) conditions. Care should be taken to choose the correct set of boundary conditions according to the project specifications and the national regulations. 5.3.4 Performance classes The classification of qi, tot is specified in Table 3 with the classes quoted in Table 1. Table 3 — Secondary Heat transfer factor qi, tot — Classification Class 0 1 2 3 4 qi, tot qi, tot

¶ qi, tot < 0,10 qi, tot < 0,03 5.4 Protection from direct transmission – Normal/noe, n-n 5.4.1 General The ability of a solar protection device to protect persons and surroundings from direct irradiation is e, dir-dir of the device in combination with a glazing. For the sake of simplicity, the normal-e, n-n is used as a measure for this property. oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 14 5.4.2 Determination e, n-n shall be determined according to prEN 14500:2018. 5.4.3 Performance classes The classificatie, n-n is specified in Table 4 with the classes quoted in Table 1. Table 4 — e, n-n — Classification Class 0 1 2 3 4 e, n-n e, n-n

rá t r e, n-n < 0,20 e, n-n < 0,15 e, n-n < 0,10 e, n-n < 0,05 NOTE Slatted or louvered devices with non-perforated slats are class 4 when the slats are tilted in a way that there is no direct penetration of the sun. 6 Visual comfort 6.1 General Depending on the geometry of the incident and the transmitted radiation, the components of the light transmission concern different aspects of visual comfort. When a solar protection device fitted to a window is directly illuminated by the sun: — the incident radiation is mainly directional; — the transmitted radiation is partially directional (v, dir-dir), partially diffuse (v, dir-dif); — the total transmitted light flow is the sum of these two components: v, dir-h = v, dir-dir +v, dir-dif

v, dir-h is representative of the global reduction of natural light by the solar protection device when v, dif-h is representative. v, dir-dir represents the light passing through the holes in the solar to the outside, but is unfavourable for night privacy. It may also be the basis of two factors of visual discomfort: — direct vision of the solar disc; — solar spots on the floor or the office furniture. v, dir-dif of transmitted radiation results in an own luminance of the solar protection device, which appears as a light source. This may cause discomfort glare, either from an excessive value of the luminance in itself, or from the contrast between the luminance of the solar protection device and that of its surrounding. Solar protection devices shall be classified, with regard to the following criteria: — darkening performance; — glare control; — night privacy; oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 15 — visual contact with the outside; — daylight utilisation; — rendering of colours. These criteria depend on three main optical factors: — v, n-n

diffuse/hemispherical light transmittance. The performance classes for glare control, night privacy, visual contact with the outside, daylight utilisation are quoted in Table 5. Table 5 — Definition of Classes Class Influence on visual comfort 0 1 2 3 4 very little effect little effect moderate effect good effect very good effect NOTE 1 The real light transmittance of the solar protection device may be much greater than that of the curtain, due to the lateral gaps and the guiding system. It is difficult to establish, either by calculation or direct measurement. NOTE 2 The residual light transmittance of the solar protection device in its fully extended and closed position can be evaluated, according to the type of solar protection device, from the light transmittance of the constitutive materials. To some extent, the light transmittance of a completely closed or partially opened slatted or louvered device (e.g. venetian blind) can be evaluated using the calculation method given in EN ISO 52022-3 from the light characteristics and geometry of the slats or laths. NOTE 3 When the window is not directly exposed to the sun it receives diffuse radiation, which may be disturbing enough to require that the solar protection device remains in the extended position. NOTE 4

Health and safety regulations require that the workplace receives as much natural light as is reasonably practical (see EU Directive ED 89/654 EEC). NOTE 5

All retractable solar protection devices provide a certain degree of adjustment of natural light (see EU Directive ED 89/654 EEC). NOTE 6

Adjustable slatted solar protection devices provide a variable light control. NOTE 7

In the case v, n-n can be considered as 0 when the blind is fully v, n-n can be considered to be greater than 0,5 in that position. This means, v, n-n of a venetian blind with unperforated slats can be adjusted to a large extent. NOTE 8 v, n-n can be considered to be v, n-n of the perforated area of an individual slat. NOTE 9 v, n-n can be considered v, n-n cv, n-n of the perforated area of an individual slat. oSIST prEN 14501:2018

prEN 14501:2018 (E) 16 6.2 Darkening performance 6.2.1 General Darkening performance represents the capacity of an internal blind, external blind or a shutter in the fully extended and closed position to reduce light penetration. 6.2.2 Determination The performance is expressed by the level of illuminance when no light is perceivable through the complete solar protection device. It shall be determined according to prEN 14500:2018. 6.2.3 Performance classes The darkening performance is specified according to the classific