EN 17887-1:2024
(Main)Thermal performance of buildings - In situ testing of completed buildings - Part 1: Data collection for aggregate heat loss test
Thermal performance of buildings - In situ testing of completed buildings - Part 1: Data collection for aggregate heat loss test
This document specifies a test method for the in situ measurement of the thermal performance of buildings, both newly built and existing.
This document specifies the data to be collected during and after the test.
NOTE The analysis of the data and the reporting format for the analysis are referred to in prEN 17887-2:2022 Thermal performance of buildings - In situ testing of completed buildings - Part 2: Steady-state data analysis for aggregate heat loss test.
This document is applicable to domestic scale detached buildings and attached domestic scale buildings, such as semi-detached houses, terraced houses and apartments.
Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Gebäuden – In-situ-Prüfung an fertiggestellten Gebäuden – Teil 1: Datenerhebung für den Gesamtwärmeverlusttest; Deutsche Fassung EN 17887-1:2024
Dieses Dokument legt ein Prüfverfahren für die In-situ-Messung des wärmetechnischen Verhaltens sowohl von neuen als auch von bestehenden Gebäuden fest.
Dieses Dokument legt die während und nach der Prüfung zu erfassenden Daten fest.
ANMERKUNG Die Auswertung der Daten und deren Berichtsformat werden in FprEN 17887 2:2022, Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Gebäuden — In-situ-Prüfung an fertiggestellten Gebäuden — Teil 2: Auswertung stationärer Daten für die Prüfung des Gesamtwärmeverlustes, behandelt.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für freistehende Wohngebäude und angeschlossene Wohngebäude wie Doppelhaushälften, Reihenhäuser und Wohnungen. Speziell konstruierte Prüflinge, die einzelne Bauteile darstellen, fallen nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments.
Performance thermique des bâtiments - Essais in situ des bâtiments achevés - Partie 1 : Collecte de données pour l’essai de déperdition thermique globale
Le présent document spécifie une méthode d’essai pour mesurer in situ la performance thermique des bâtiments récemment construits et des bâtiments existants.
Il spécifie les données à collecter pendant et après l’essai.
NOTE L’analyse des données et le format de rapport pour l’analyse sont référencés dans le prEN 17887 2:2022 Performance thermique des bâtiments — Essais in situ des bâtiments achevés — Partie 2 : Analyse des données en régime stationnaire pour l’essai de déperdition thermique globale.
Le présent document s’applique aux bâtiments individuels et contigus destinés à une utilisation domestique, tels que les maisons jumelées, les maisons mitoyennes et les appartements.
Toplotne značilnosti stavb - Preskušanje dokončanih stavb na mestu vgradnje - 1. del: Zbiranje podatkov za preskus skupnih toplotnih izgub
Ta dokument določa preskusno metodo za merjenje toplotnih značilnosti na novo zgrajenih in obstoječih stavb na mestu vgradnje.
Določa podatke, ki jih je treba zbrati med preskusom in po njem.
OPOMBA: Analiza podatkov in oblika poročanja za analizo sta navedeni v standardu prEN 17887-2:2022 Toplotne značilnosti stavb – Preskušanje dokončanih stavb na mestu vgradnje – 2. del: Analiza podatkov v stanju dinamičnega ravnovesja za preskus skupnih toplotnih izgub.
Ta dokument se uporablja za samostojne in povezane stanovanjske stavbe, kot so dvojčki, vrstne hiše ali stanovanja.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2024
Toplotne značilnosti stavb - Preskušanje dokončanih stavb na mestu vgradnje - 1.
del: Zbiranje podatkov za preskus skupnih toplotnih izgub
Thermal performance of buildings - In situ testing of completed buildings - Part 1: Data
collection for aggregate heat loss test
Thermische Leistung von Gebäuden - In-situ-Tests von fertiggestellten Gebäuden - Teil
1: Datenerfassung für den Gesamtwärmeverlusttest
Performance thermique des bâtiments - Essais in situ des bâtiments achevés - Partie 1 :
Collecte de données pour l’essai de déperdition thermique globale
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17887-1:2024
ICS:
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 17887-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.120.10
English Version
Thermal performance of buildings - In situ testing of
completed buildings - Part 1: Data collection for aggregate
heat loss test
Performance thermique des bâtiments - Essais in situ Thermisches Verhalten von Gebäuden - In-situ-Prüfung
des bâtiments achevés - Partie 1 : Collecte de données fertiggestellter Gebäude - Teil 1: Datenerhebung für
pour l'essai de déperdition thermique globale den Gesamtwärmeverlusttest
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2024.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17887-1:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols and units . 9
4 Principle . 9
5 Requirements for test conditions and internal building conditions. 10
5.1 Test conditions . 10
5.2 Internal building conditions . 11
6 Apparatus . 11
6.1 Internal apparatus. 11
6.1.1 Temperature sensors . 11
6.1.2 Relative humidity sensors . 11
6.1.3 Electric resistance fan heaters . 12
6.1.4 Electric circulation fans . 12
6.1.5 Temperature controllers . 12
6.1.6 Energy meters . 12
6.1.7 Datalogger(s) . 12
6.1.8 Extension leads . 12
6.2 External apparatus . 12
6.2.1 Weather station including pyranometer . 12
6.2.2 Datalogger . 13
6.3 Sampling intervals . 13
7 Uncertainty of measurement and calibration procedures . 13
7.1 General. 13
7.2 Calibration and maximum permissible error of sensors . 13
7.2.1 General. 13
7.2.2 Temperature sensors . 13
7.2.3 Energy meters . 13
7.2.4 Relative humidity (RH) sensors. 13
7.2.5 Weather station . 13
7.2.6 Pyranometer . 14
7.2.7 PID controller . 14
8 Preparation of the test building and installation and location of apparatus . 14
8.1 General. 14
8.2 Location and numbers of apparatus . 14
8.2.1 General. 14
8.2.2 Internal air temperature and relative humidity sensors . 15
8.2.3 Electric resistance fan heaters . 15
8.2.4 Electric air circulation fans . 15
8.2.5 PID temperature controller . 16
8.2.6 Energy meters . 16
8.2.7 Data logger . 16
8.2.8 Weather station and pyranometer . 16
8.3 Minimizing other heat gain and heat loss mechanisms during the test . 16
8.4 Establishing and maintaining stable mean internal temperature conditions . 16
9 Optional measurements . 17
10 Test procedure . 17
10.1 Pre-test pressurization test . 17
10.2 Heating . 17
10.3 Test duration . 18
10.4 Post-test pressurization test . 18
11 Data collection . 18
11.1 Recording data . 18
11.2 Downloading data. 18
11.3 Data verification. 19
11.4 Downloading data. 19
12 Test report . 19
12.1 General . 19
12.2 Data . 19
12.2.1 Data on the measured building/ structure . 19
12.2.2 Description of the experimental set-up . 20
12.2.3 Conditions during measurement . 20
Annex A (informative) Additional information for buildings with special considerations . 21
A.1 Attached and multi-occupancy buildings. 21
A.2 Buildings in lower European latitudes . 21
A.3 Buildings with low or high thermal mass . 21
A.4 Very large or poorly insulated buildings . 22
A.5 Buildings with a large proportion of south-facing glazing area . 22
A.6 Buildings with a low level of air permeability/air leakage rate . 22
A.7 Tests undertaken outside the idealised test period . 22
Annex B (informative) Test set up . 24
Bibliography . 26
European foreword
This document (EN 17887-1:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 Thermal
performance of buildings and building components, the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2024, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by November 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
The world’s energy resources are being consumed at a significant rate that will result in the depletion of
non-renewable resources and increased carbon dioxide emissions. It is imperative that energy be
conserved. The building sector, through its use of energy, represents up to 40 % of total energy
consumption (in mild climates, where heating and cooling correspond to the major energy demand in
buildings). Conservation of energy in buildings can result in a slowing down of non-renewable resource
usage and consequently of the build-up of greenhouse gases.
A critical contribution to the conservation of energy in buildings is made by minimizing the heat loss from
a building. This is achieved by creating building envelopes that are both airtight and highly insulated.
Standardized test methods exist for establishing the in situ air permeability or air leakage rate of a
building (EN 7726 and EN ISO 9972). This document provides a method for measuring the total in situ
heat loss from a building. The total heat loss is a combination of the heat lost through air infiltration and
envelope heat transfer, and since the air infiltration rate can be measured and the heat loss associated
with this approximated, the value for envelope heat transfer can be estimated, together with their
combined uncertainty.
In the design process for new buildings, and increasingly for refurbishment, an energy consumption
calculation is carried out; normally this uses a calculated value for total heat loss based upon assumptions
regarding air infiltration rates and calculated U-values for the external plane building elements and
openings, and Ψ values for thermal bridges at the junctions with the plane elements (e.g. openings,
intermediate floors). The assumptions on air infiltration can be confirmed by testing to standardized
methodologies and the design calculation is often adjusted after testing to include the actual measured
air permeability or air leakage rate of the building that is achieved once construction is complete. This
document provides a test methodology that will allow the actual in situ completed building aggregate
heat loss to be quantified. It will reflect the influence of design and workmanship on the constructed
building and its constituent parts. Specially constructed test samples representing single construction
elements are outside the scope of this document.
The building aggregate heat loss test methodology can be used for the general confirmation of energy
performance, as may be required by the building certifier or consumer. It can also enable a comparison
to be made between the measured aggregate in situ heat loss figure and the calculated values that are
currently used.
Without a building aggregate heat loss test methodology, there is currently no way to check and confirm
actual energy performance in situ. Consequently, this could lead to the adoption of practices in both
design and workmanship that could make the calculated values invalid or inappropriate. In addition,
wider scale assumptions regarding the potential reductions in energy consumption that could be
achieved through the provision of new and refurbished energy efficient buildings, would be made on the
basis of calculated building performance, without validation by confirmation of actual aggregate in situ
performance.
This test methodology can be used as a sample confirmation methodology for large volume production,
confirmation of prototypes, confirmation of the performance of particularly significant buildings and
potentially as a diagnostic tool to identify the indicative performance of individual elements within a
building and inform further investigation and action.
This document is highly linked with EN 17887-2:2024, to which it is applicable to exclusively. It is also
complimentary to EN 17888-1:2024, which deals exclusively with opaque building structures especially
built for the purpose of in situ testing.
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the in-situ measurement of the thermal performance of
buildings, both newly built and existing.
This document specifies the data to be collected during and after the test.
NOTE The analysis of the data and the reporting format for the analysis are referred to in FprEN 17887-2:2022
Thermal performance of buildings — In situ testing of completed buildings — Part 2: Steady-state data analysis for
aggregate heat loss test.
This document is applicable to domestic scale detached buildings and attached domestic scale buildings,
such as semi-detached houses, terraced houses and apartments. Specially constructed test samples
representing single construction elements are outside the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN IEC 62053-21, Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) - Particular requirements - Part 21 : static meters
for AC active energy (classes 0,5, 1 and 2) (IEC 62053-21)
EN ISO 7345, Thermal performance of buildings and building components — Physical quantities and
definitions (ISO 7345)
EN ISO 9229, Thermal insulation — Vocabulary (ISO 9229)
EN ISO 9972:2015, Thermal performance of buildings — Determination of air permeability of buildings —
Fan pressurization method (ISO 9972:2015)
EN ISO 15927-1:2003, Hygrothermal performance of buildings — Calculation and presentation of climatic
data —- Part 1: Monthly and annual means of single meteorological elements (ISO 15927-1: 2003)
ISO 9060, Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar
and direct solar radiation
ISO 9869-1, Thermal insulation — Building elements — In-situ measurement of thermal resistance and
thermal transmittance — Part 1: Heat flow meter method
EN 17887-2:2024, Thermal performance of buildings — In situ testing of completed buildings — Part 2:
Steady-state data analysis for aggregate heat loss test
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345, EN ISO 9229 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
aggregate heat loss
total rate of heat loss attributable to an entire building fabric obtained by measurement of the aggregate
heat loss rates from plane elements, thermal bridges and air infiltration
3.1.2
aggregate heat loss test
metric of a building’s thermal performance capable of measuring the heat loss attributable to a building
fabric according to this test standard
3.1.3
aggregate heat transfer coefficient
sum of the transmission and infiltration component of the ventilation heat transfer coefficient based upon
measurement according to this test standard
3.1.4
air leakage rate
air flow rate across the building envelope
Note 1 to entry: This movement includes flow though joints, cracks and porous surfaces, or a combination thereof,
induced by air-moving equipment used in this International Standard.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 9972:2015, 3.1.1]
3.1.5
air permeability
air leakage rate per the envelope area across the building envelope
[SOURCE: EN ISO 9972:2015, 3.1.4]
3.1.6
external (internal) air temperature
temperature of the external (internal) air measured by external (internal) air temperature sensor
3.1.7
habitable room
room that is continuously used for living, working, meeting, amusement and other purposes similar
thereto
Note 1 to entry: Spaces such as bathroom, washroom, toilet, entrance hall or corridor are excluded.
3.1.8
heat transfer coefficient
heat flow rate divided by temperature difference between two environments
Note 1 to entry: specifically used for heat transfer coefficient by transmission or ventilation
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13789:2017, 3.5]
3.1.9
infiltration air
uncontrolled passage of air into a space through leakage paths in the building envelope
3.1.10
internal room temperature
air temperature measured at the geometric centre of the room
3.1.11
internal building temperature
mean air temperature of all of the measured internal room temperatures
3.1.12
temperature difference
difference between the internal building temperature and external air temperature
3.1.13
test set point internal temperature
internal building air temperature required to achieve the minimum temperature difference for the
duration of the test
3.1.14
quasi steady-state
state under which the internal conditions within the test building are maintained constant, whilst the
external conditions are allowed to vary.
Note 1 to entry: In such a state, transient stages within the test building are minimised
3.1.15
solar heat gain
heat provided by solar radiation entering, directly or indirectly (after absorption in building elements),
into the building through windows, opaque walls and roofs, or passive solar devices such as sunspaces,
transparent insulation and solar walls
Note 1 to entry: Active solar devices such as solar collectors are considered as part of the technical building system.
[SOURCE: ISO 52000-1:2017, 3.6.10]
3.1.16
test building
building where the test is being performed
3.1.17
thermal envelope
elements of a building that enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal energy is transferred to or
from the external environment or to or from unconditioned spaces
3.1.18
transmission heat transfer coefficient
heat flow rate due to thermal transmission through the fabric of a building, divided by the difference
between the environment temperatures on either side of the construction
Note 1 to entry: By convention, if the heat is transferred between a conditioned space and the external
environment, the sign is positive if the heat flow is from the space to outside (heat loss).
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13789:2017, 3.6]
3.1.19
ventilation heat transfer coefficient
heat flow rate due to air entering a conditioned space by infiltration or ventilation, divided by the
temperature difference between the internal air and the supply air temperature
Note 1 to entry: The supply temperature for infiltration is equal to the external temperature.
Note 2 to entry: In this analysis, the intended ventilation component of the ventilation heat transfer coefficient is
typically omitted and only the infiltration component is included in the heat transfer coefficient, as intended
ventilation routes are sealed during the test.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13789:2017, 3.7, modified – Note 2 to entry has been added]
3.2 Symbols and units
Table 1 summaries the symbols and units referred to within this standard.
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Unit
T Internal air temperature K
i
T External air temperature K
e
ΔT Building internal to external air temperature difference K
H Aggregate building heat transfer coefficient W/K
agg
H Heat transfer coefficient W/K
H Transmission heat transfer coefficient W/K
tr
H Ventilation heat transfer coefficient W/K
v
4 Principle
The test procedure is a quasi steady-state method of measuring the in situ aggregate heat loss (both
thermal envelope and air infiltration) in W/K attributable to an unoccupied building. It involves heating
the inside of a building, using heaters to the required mean internal set-point temperature (typically
25 °C) over a specified period of time (typically a minimum of 15 days) while external climate conditions
are also recorded.
By measuring the internal and external conditions as well as the amount of electrical energy that is
required to maintain the mean internal set-point temperature, the daily heat input (in Watts) to the
building can be determined. In particular, the aggregate heat transfer coefficient, H (in W/K), for the
agg
building can be determined for a set of quasi steady-state conditions by plotting periodically the heat
inputs against the measured difference between the inside and outside temperatures of the building.
This test method does not set specific conditions related to moisture, as moisture is a natural variant of
weather and conditions of use. However, internal and external humidity levels are recorded during the
test but not controlled, and summary values detailed in the report. Requirements are also given in order
to avoid abnormal humidity levels in the building.
NOTE When the test provides appropriate conditions, other optional building fabric performance tests are
practicable, such as for example heat flux density measurements and infrared thermal imagery for diagnostic
purpose.
5 Requirements for test conditions and internal building conditions
5.1 Test conditions
— The test will be undertaken in the winter months during the space heating season, in order to obtain
a sufficient value of temperature difference ΔT (at least 10 K). The suitability of any test period will
vary from location to location and will be dependent upon the local weather conditions typical for
the area.
NOTE In general terms, in central and Northern Europe, this gives a testing window normally lasting from the
middle of October to the end of March. In Southern Europe, the testing period would typically be shorter than
this.
— The internal temperature will be set at a constant value for the entire duration of the test, and the
power of the electric resistance space heating system will be such that this temperature can be
achieved constantly, even when the worst possible external conditions occur.
— To avoid stressing the building in such a way that causes degradation to the building fabric and to
avoid the occurrence of non-representative heat loss mechanisms, the mean elevated internal
temperature will be set so that it is within the expected range of temperatures that would normally
occur within the building when it is occupied. On this basis, this is normally set at a value between
20 °C and 25 °C. Although the mean internal temperature can be adjusted prior to the
commencement of the test to maintain the desired ΔT, it will not exceed 30 °C.
EXAMPLE In Northwest Europe, the test temperature for new build is generally 25 °C in order to achieve a
daily mean ΔT greater than 10 K. However, in each test an informed decision on the mean internal set point
temperature that is required to achieve a sufficient ΔT should be made. There can be occasions when a lower
test temperature would be appropriate, such as in poorly insulated existing building prior to refurbishment. In
southern regions, it could be necessary to elevate the mean internal set-point temperature in order to achieve
a daily mean ΔT greater than 10 K. This should only be done with extreme care and further measurements may
be required to quantify the effect of the higher internal temperatures on stack driven ventilation losses,
potential changes in air infiltration during the test and the effect on the thermal conductivity of the building
materials.
— Access to the test building will be strictly limited to the minimum required to ensure that the test is
proceeding satisfactorily. All access visits during the test period shall be recorded.
— The test will be undertaken with all internal lights and appliances switched off.
— The test will be undertaken with all of the lights and appliances that are external to the building, but
powered from within the building, switched off.
— All electricity used in the tested building during the test period that could result in a heat gain inside
the building will be measured in energy meters. This includes electric resistance heating, air
circulation fans and monitoring apparatus.
5.2 Internal building conditions
The building or tested area of the building shall be prepared for the purposes of the test as follows:
— The test building will be functionally complete and suitable for occupancy.
— The test building will be dried out prior to the commencement of the test.
EXAMPLE If this is not the case, then some of the heat input to the building will be used to evaporate any
residual moisture within the structure rather than heat the building to the required mean elevated internal
temperature. This will result in a higher heat input being recorded than would otherwise be required. In
addition, in very airtight buildings, any excess moisture generated during the heat-up phase may not be
adequately ventilated during the test, potentially resulting in the formation of surface condensation and mould
growth within the building. It is also important to realize that any residual moisture that is present within the
structure will also have an impact on the thermal conductivity and heat loss attributable to various elements
of the test building. The greater the amount of residual moisture present, the greater the thermal conductivity
of the materials and the greater the corresponding heat loss. The moisture level within the building should
have stabilized to a level such that during the test period, the relative humidity in any habitable room shall not
be more than 60 % at the test setpoint internal temperature.
— All intended ventilation routes, including trickle vents, will be closed and sealed for the duration of
the test in accordance with the guidance given in EN ISO 9972:2015.
— The internal temperature will be consistent throughout the building to be tested prior to the
commencement of the test. This condition will be deemed to have been satisfied when the
temperature of all of the habitable rooms within the test building are within an average of ± 1 K of
the mean internal set-point temperature for the 24-h period immediately preceding the test.
— For the period of the test, all internal doors (including built-in cupboard doors and doors to non-
habitable rooms) will be wedged into an open position to allow free movement of air around the test
building and ensure an even temperature distribution within the test building.
6 Apparatus
A number of items of apparatus are required to undertake the building aggregate heat loss test. These
have been separated into internal apparatus (6.1) (primarily to establish and maintain the mean internal
temperature and record the required measurements) and external weather measurement apparatus
(6.2).
6.1 Internal apparatus
6.1.1 Temperature sensors
These are used to measure internal temperature within the building. Often configured with a humidity
sensor to produce one combined sensor rather than two separate sensors. A portable temperature sensor
is also required to undertake a number of spot measurements during the test.
6.1.2 Relative humidity sensors
These are used to measure relative humidity within the building.
6.1.3 Electric resistance fan heaters
These are used to electrically heat the test building. It shall be of a variable heat output model as it enables
a degree of adjustment and more flexibility in zoning if required.
6.1.4 Electric circulation fans
These are used to mix the internal air within the test building. A variable speed model with an adjustable
direction of throw shall be used as it enables a degree of adjustment if required.
6.1.5 Temperature controllers
These are used to regulate the heat output from the electric fan heaters and maintain a fixed internal air
temperature within a range of ± 0,5 K around the set-point temperature. They shall have proportional,
integral and derivative control (PID) and automatic tuning.
6.1.6 Energy meters
These are used to measure the electrical energy consumption of the electric resistance fan heaters, the
electric circulation fans and any mains powered monitoring or recording apparatus (dataloggers and
sensors) used during the test.
6.1.7 Datalogger(s)
These are used to record the measured data obtained from inside the test building. It shall be capable of
recording kWh data from the electric resistance fan heaters, electric circulation fans and any mains
electric powered monitoring apparatus. It can also include air temperature and relative humidity data
from the temperature and relative humidity sensors, although this data could be recorded using stand-
alone apparatus with internal memory.
6.1.8 Extension leads
These are used to supply mains power to the electric resistance fan heaters and air circulation fans, as
well as any other items of electrical apparatus, such as thermostatic controllers, dataloggers or sensors
that require mains power.
6.2 External apparatus
6.2.1 Weather station including pyranometer
These are used to measure the external weather parameters representing the external conditions to
which the test building is exposed to and can consist of single sensors or a number of combined sensors.
The installation of the external sensors and the measurement of the weather parameters are to be carried
out in accordance with EN ISO 15927-1. At least, the following external parameters are to be measured:
— external air temperature within a thermometer screen with louvers to allow a free flow of air;
— relative humidity;
— wind speed and direction;
— global solar radiation – A pyranometer shall be used to measure the vertical radiation flux density in
W/m . Vertical solar radiation measurements should be made in the same plane as the building
façade expected to receive the highest proportion of solar gains, typically this will be south-facing.
The recording of the weather data shall be such that it permits instantaneous and average values to be
identified.
NOTE Further measurements of barometric pressure, rainfall and net-radiation to the sky can be desirable to
aid deeper analysis.
6.2.2 Datalogger
A separate dedicated datalogger for the weather station (including pyranometer) could be required. This
will be dependent upon whether the datalogger installed within the building is easily reachable and/or
capable of recording all of the measured inputs from the weather station. If a wireless system is used, it
may also be dependent upon the proximity of the weather station to the test building.
6.3 Sampling intervals
Recordings shall be carried out at fixed time intervals which are the average values of several individual
measurements sampled at shorter intervals.
The maximum sampling interval shall be defined by the sensor manufacturer. One-minute sample rate is
suggested with the value to be averaged or aggregated over a ten minutes period, where appropriate. For
example, Wh data are to be aggregated and not averaged.
Alternatively, if only instantaneous values are possible, then the sampling frequency should be increased
to enable post processing of the data such that the instantaneous values can be averaged over an
appropriate time interval.
The sampling interval shall be the same for all recorded data.
7 Uncertainty of measurement and calibration procedures
7.1 General
The apparatus shall be calibrated to reduce systematic bias and have the uncertainty of measurement as
specified below.
7.2 Calibration and maximum permissible error of sensors
7.2.1 General
Calibration is required of all individual sensors.
7.2.2 Temperature sensors
The calibration procedure shall be such that the sensors are calibrated for several values in the relevant
range, in comparison with a reference sensor having a maximum permissible error of better than ± 0,5 K.
7.2.3 Energy meters
The energy meter shall be a class 1 in accordance with EN IEC 62053-21 and the energy meters should
have a pulsed output that can be read by the data logger with a minimum resolution of 1 Watt hour (Wh).
7.2.4 Relative humidity (RH) sensors
The calibration procedure shall be such that the sensors are calibrated for several values in the relevant
range, in comparison with a reference sensor having a maximum permissible error of ± 5 % or better.
7.2.5 Weather station
Each sensor forming the weather station shall be calibrated. Calibration of each of the parameters
measured shall be as follows:
— external air temperature – the sensor is calibrated for several values in the relevant range, in
comparison with a reference sensor having a maximum permissible error of better than ± 0,5 K;
— relative humidity – the sensor is calibrated for several values in the relevant range, in comparison
with a reference sensor having a maximum permissible error of ± 5 % or better;
— wind speed – having a maximum permissible error of ± 5 % or better;
— wind direction – having a maximum permissible error of ± 5° or better.
7.2.6 Pyranometer
The pyranometer shall be calibrated according to ISO 9060 s class.
7.2.7 PID controller
The PID temperature controllers shall be able to control temperature within a range of ± 0,5 K around
the set point temperature.
8 Preparation of the test building and installation and location of apparatus
8.1 General
Preparation for the test requires that the following steps are undertaken:
— an assessment of the test building is made to establish the estimated space heating demand and to
determine the location and placement of the apparatus to allow for an even temperature distribution
throughout the entire building;
— the building is heated to establish the required mean building internal air temperature and a check
is made to ensure that this temperature is consistent throughout the building and that the expected
space heating demand can be met by the heating arrangement;
— a fan pressurization test in accordance with EN ISO 9972 should be undertaken to measure the air
permeability and/or air leakage rate prior to the commencement of the test.
8.2 Location and numbers of apparatus
8.2.1 General
The location and number of items of apparatus required to undertake the building aggregate heat loss
test will vary and be dependent upon the size, form, internal layout and thermal performance of the
building fabric. In any respect, the position, make and model of each sensor shall be recorded and
included in the test report.
To achieve the chosen internal mean set point temperature, each habitable room shall have as a minimum
its own electric resistance fan heater, electric air circulation fan, thermostatic controller, and temperature
and relative humidity sensor(s). Other areas of the building within the thermal envelope can also include
this apparatus as required.
The requirements for positioning the apparatus are outlined in 8.2.1 to 8.2.7.
NOTE 1 For an example of the layout of the apparatus in a test building, please see Annex B.
NOTE 2 Prior to the test setup, to ensure that any special considerations are accounted for prior to the
commencement of the test, see Annex A.
8.2.2 Internal air temperature and relative humidity sensors
As a minimum, at least one air temperature and humidity sensor is to be installed in each of the habitable
rooms within the building.
The sensors are to be positioned as close as possible to the geometric centre of each conditioned area as
is practically possible. The sensors are to be positioned such that they are not influenced by the following:
direct sunlight, direct heating from the electric resistance fan heaters and excessive air movement from
the electric air circulation fans. In addition, the sensors are to be shielded against radiant heat sources.
Stratification of the air shall be less than 1 K/m within any tested area. For this purpose, the air
temperature distribution is to be measured by sensors positioned close to each upper or lower corner
and at three different heights near the centre. Sensors are to be positioned at least 1 m from each side
and 0,5 m above the level of the floor of the building test structure, see Figure 1.
Key
1 to 4 corner position 1 meter from each sides, 0,5 meter above
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