EN 14617-13:2005
(Main)Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 13: Determination of electrical resistivity
Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 13: Determination of electrical resistivity
This test method covers the determination of dc insulation resistance, volume resistance and resistivity, as well as surface resistance and resistivity, and the corresponding electrical conductance and conductivity, of specimens of agglomerated stone products conforming to the definition reported in EN 14618. These products are usually made by stone aggregates bound via either resin and filler or cement and water (paste components) or a mixture of polymer/cement and related addition (such as reinforcing fibres, electrically insulating/conducting fillers, etc.). Resistivity/conductivity may be also used as an indirect measure of some properties of agglomerated stones products (see Annex A).
Künstlich hergestellter Stein - Prüfverfahren - Teil 13: Bestimmung des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstands
Dieses Prüfverfahren umfasst die Bestimmung des Isolationswiderstands, des Durchgangswiderstands und
des spezifischen Durchgangswiderstands sowie des Oberflächenwiderstands und des spezifischen
Oberflächenwiderstands sowie der entsprechenden elektrischen Leitfähigkeiten und spezifischen elektrischen
Leitfähigkeiten von Probekörpern aus Produkten aus künstlich hergestellten Steinen, die der in EN 14618
angegebenen Definition entsprechen. Diese Produkte werden üblicherweise aus Gesteinskörnungen
hergestellt und entweder mit Harz und Füllstoffen oder Zement und Wasser (pastöse Bestandteile) oder
einem Gemisch aus Polymer/Zement und bestimmten Zusatzmitteln (z. B. Verstärkungsfasern, elektrisch
isolierenden/leitenden Füllstoffen usw.) gebunden. Der spezifische elektrische Widerstand/die spezifische
elektrische Leitfähigkeit darf auch als indirektes Maß für bestimmte Eigenschaften von Produkten aus
künstlich hergestellten Steinen angewendet werden (siehe Anhang A).
Pierre agglomérée - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 13: Détermination de la résistivité électrique
La présente méthode d'essai concerne la détermination en courant continu de la résistance d'isolement, de la résistance et de la résistivité transversales, de la résistance et de la résistivité superficielles, ainsi que des conductances et des conductivités électriques correspondantes, d'éprouvettes de produits en pierres agglomérées conformément à la définition indiquée dans l'EN 14618. Ces produits sont généralement composés de granulats de pierre liés par une résine et un filler, par du ciment et de l'eau (composants pâteux) ou par un mélange de polymères/ciment et d'additions correspondantes (telles que des fibres de renforcement, des fillers isolants ou conducteurs, etc.). La résistivité et la conductivité peuvent également être utilisées comme mesure indirecte de certaines propriétés de produits en pierres agglomérées (voir l'Annexe A).
Aglomeriran kamen - Preskusne metode - 13. del: Ugotavljanje električne upornosti
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2005
$JORPHULUDQNDPHQ3UHVNXVQHPHWRGHGHO 8JRWDYOMDQMHHOHNWULþQH
XSRUQRVWL
Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 13: Determination of electrical resistivity
Künstlich hergestellter Stein - Prüfverfahren - Teil 13: Bestimmung des spezifischen
elektrischen Widerstands
Pierre agglomérée - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 13: Détermination de la résistivité
électrique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14617-13:2005
ICS:
91.100.15 Mineralni materiali in izdelki Mineral materials and
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14617-13
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2005
ICS 91.100.15
English version
Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 13: Determination of
electrical resistivity
Pierre agglomérée - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 13: Künstlich hergestellter Stein - Prüfverfahren - Teil 13:
Détermination de la résistance électrique Bestimmung des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstands
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14617-13:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Principle.4
4 Definitions and symbols .4
5 Sampling and test specimen preparation .5
6 Specimen conditioning .5
7 Electrode system and measuring equipment .5
8 Procedure .6
9 Expression of results .6
10 Report .6
Annex A (informative).9
Annex B (informative) Statistical evaluation of test results.11
Bibliography .14
Foreword
This document (EN 14617-13:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the
secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by September 2005.
Test methods for agglomerated stones consist of the following:
EN 14617-1, Agglomerated stone - Test methods – Part 1: Determination of apparent density and water absorption
EN 14617-2, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 2: Determination of flexural strength (bending)
prEN 14617-3, Agglomerated stone - Test methods – Part 3: Determination of slipperiness
EN 14617-4, Agglomerated stone - Test methods – Part 4: Determination of the abrasion resistance
EN 14617-5, Agglomerated stone - Test methods – Part 5: Determination of freeze and thaw resistance
EN 14617-6, Agglomerated stone - Test methods – Part 6: Determination of thermal shock resistance
prEN 14617-7, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 7: Determination of ageing
prEN 14617-8, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 8: Determination of resistance to fixing (dowel hole)
EN 14617-9, Agglomerated stone - Test methods – Part 9: Determination of impact resistance
EN 14617-10, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 10: Determination of chemical resistance
EN 14617-11, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 11: Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient
EN 14617-12, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 12: Determination of dimensional stability
EN 14617-13, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 13: Determination of electrical resistivity
EN 14617-15, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 15: Determination of compressive strength
EN 14617-16, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 16: Determination of dimensions, geometric characteristics
and surface quality of modular tiles
prEN 14617-17, Agglomerated stone – Test methods – Part 17: Determination of biological resistance
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This test method covers the determination of dc insulation resistance, volume resistance and resistivity, as well as
surface resistance and resistivity, and the corresponding electrical conductance and conductivity, of specimens of
agglomerated stone products conforming to the definition reported in EN 14618. These products are usually made
by stone aggregates bound via either resin and filler or cement and water (paste components) or a mixture of
polymer/cement and related addition (such as reinforcing fibres, electrically insulating/conducting fillers, etc.).
Resistivity/conductivity may be also used as an indirect measure of some properties of agglomerated stones
products (see Annex A).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
Not applicable
3 Principle
The resistance/conductance of an agglomerated stone specimen is evaluated by the measurement of direct current
(dc) flow in the specimen under specified conditions by appropriate electrode systems. Surface and volume
resistance/conductance may be measured separately by the same electrode system. The resistivity/conductivity
shall be calculated from specimen and electrode dimensions and shapes.
4 Definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
insulation resistance (Ω ÆÆÆÆ Ω = ohm)
insulation resistance between two electrodes that are in electrical contact with an agglomerated stone specimen,
calculated as the ratio of the direct voltage applied to the electrodes to the total current flowing between them; it is
dependent upon the shape and size as well as the volume and surface resistance of the specimen.
4.2
volume resistance R (Ω)
v
volume resistance between two electrodes that are in electrical contact with a specimen, calculated as the ratio of
the direct voltage applied to the electrodes to that portion of the current between them that flows only through the
volume of the specimen.
4.3
surface resistance R (Ω)
s
surface resistance between two electrodes that are in electrical contact with the surface of an agglomerated stone
specimen, calculated as the ratio of the direct voltage applied to the electrodes to that portion of the current
between them which is primarily distributed on the specimen surface and a thin material layer beneath the
specimen surface. Surface conductivity cannot be known accurately, but only conventionally, because more or less
volume contribution is usually involved in the measurement, depending on the nature of the specimen and
environment.
4.4
volume resistivity ρ (Ω·m)
v
volume resistivity of the agglomerated stone material, which is calculated as the ratio of the potential gradient,
parallel to the current direction in the material, to the current density (i.e., the charge carriers flow through the
specimen, charge flowing in the unit time across the unit surface area normal to the current direction).
4.5
surface resistivity ρ (Ω )
s
†
surface resistivity of the agglomerated stone material, which is calculated as the ratio of the potential gradient
parallel to the current direction along its surface to the current per unit width of the surface.
4.6
-1 -1
volume conductivity γ (Ω ·m = S/m ÆÆ S = siemens)
ÆÆ
v
reciprocal of the volume resistivity
4.7
-1
surface conductivity γ (Ω )
s
†
reciprocal of the surface resistivity.
5 Sampling and test specimen preparation
Sampling is not the responsibility of the test laboratory, unless otherwise agreed. It shall be appropriate to
agglomerated stone consignment. Whenever possible, the random sampling method shall be used. Test
specimens shall be however representative of the agglomerated stone sample and can be directly obtained from
both laboratory moulding and curing according a detailed procedure (properly described in the test report) and/or
core samples taken "in situ" and cut to proper size for the measuring apparatus. The surfaces shall be honed or
polished.
The test specimen may have any practical shape allowing the use of proper three terminal electrodes system,
according to the electrode assembly schematically shown in Figure 1 for flat test specimens. Sheet specimens like
those illustrated in Figure 1 should exhibit a thickness exceeding by 20% the largest stone fragments size used in
the agglomerated stone and a diameter 20 to 160 mm, according to the resistivity of the tested material. At least
five test specimens shall be selected by sampling.
6 Specimen conditioning
Measurements shall be made on either room-conditioned or dried specimens. In the first case specimens shall be
measured after proper conditioning (24 h at least) in the measuring environment according to other existing
standard conditioning procedures. In the latter case, specimen should be dried to constant weight in a circulating-
air oven at (70±5) °C, i.e. difference < 0,1 mass % by consecutive weighing/24 h. After removing from the oven,
specimens shall be cooled to room temperature in a dessicator under anhydrous atmosphere (anhydrous calcium
chloride can be used) or in a vacuum enclosure till testing.
7 Electrode system and measuring equipment
Flat circular electrodes with the three-terminal configuration of Figure 1 shall be used for the measurement of
volume and surface characteristics of agglomerated stones flat specimens. The guard electrode allows any
contribution of the surface conductivity to be excluded in the measurement of volume conductivity. It may be
omitted only for materials that have really ascertained negligible charge surface leakage. A two-terminal
configuration (i.e., without the guard electrode) shall be used only for insulation resistance measurement.
To ensure an effective electrical contact of the measuring electrodes with the specimen surface, the three-terminal
configuration on the specimen should be obtained by applying either a conducting layer (e.g., colloidal graphite,
metal spray or paint; conducting metal layer - gold, aluminium – by vacuum deposition, etc.) or placing a
semiconducting sheet (e.g., a soft polymeric or rubber semiconducting sheet) of the required geometry and size on
the specimen surfaces and pressing it between the electrode system.
The voltmeter-ammeter method of Figure A.1 should be used whenever possible. A constant voltage shall be
supplied by a constant, stabilized voltage generator. The current flowing through the specimen at a fixed, constant
voltage may be measured by any equipment having the required sensitivity and accuracy (±10% is usually
adequate) and data acquisition and treatment by personal computer. Electrometers or direct-reading multimeters of
suitable sensitivity may be used with the voltmeter-ammeter method of Figure 2, depending on the current range
exhibited by the aggl
...
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