EN 13235:2006

Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of creep behaviour

This European Standard specifies the conditions for the determination of the tensile creep deformation and failure behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2 000 °C under vacuum or in a gas atmosphere which is inert to the material under test. The purpose of these test conditions is to prevent changes to the material as a result of chemical reaction with the test environment.
This European Standard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1 D), bidirectional (2 D), and tridirectional (x D, where 2  x  3), loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.

Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur in inerter Atmosphäre - Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens

Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques composites à haute température sous atmosphère inerte - Détermination du comportement au fluage

Le présent document spécifie les conditions de détermination du comportement à 'allongement et la rupture au fluage en traction des matériaux composites à matrice céramique à renfort fibreux continu pour des températures allant jusqu'à 2 000 °C sous vide ou dans une atmosphère gazeuse qui est inerte vis-à-vis du matériau soumis à essai. Ces conditions d'essai ont pour but d'éviter qu'une réaction chimique avec l'environnement d'essai ne produise des modifications du matériau.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique à tous les composites à matrices céramiques à renfort fibreux continu, unidirectionnels (1 D), bidirectionnels (2 D), et tridirectionnels (x D, avec 2  3), sollicités suivant un axe principal de renfort

Sodobna tehnična keramika - Mehanske lastnosti keramičnih kompozitov pri visoki temperaturi v pogojih inertne atmosfere - Določanje lezenja

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-Oct-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Apr-2007
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 184 - Advanced technical ceramics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 184/SC 1 - Ceramic composites
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 01-Apr-2025
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN 13235:2007 - Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of creep behaviour

Relations

• Replaces: ENV 13235:1998 - Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of creep behaviour
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Overview

EN 13235:2006 is a CEN European Standard that defines test conditions for determining the tensile creep behaviour of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) with continuous fibre reinforcement at high temperatures (up to 2000 °C) under vacuum or inert gas atmospheres. Its purpose is to measure time-dependent deformation and rupture while preventing chemical changes caused by the test environment. The standard applies to unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, 2<x≤3) textile architectures when loaded along a principal reinforcement axis.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope & purpose: Tensile creep deformation and failure behaviour of fibre-reinforced CMCs at very high temperature in inert or vacuum environments.
• Test principle: Heat a calibrated specimen to test temperature, apply and hold a constant tensile load, and record gauge-length change vs. time to obtain creep strain and strain-rate curves.
• Apparatus and installations:
  • Universal test machine or dedicated creep rig with force calibration and smooth loading.
  • Gastight test chamber for inert gas or vacuum control to avoid chemical reactions.
  • Load train and grips that maintain alignment and consistent force transmission at temperature.
• Measurement systems:
  • Extensometer accuracy requirement (recommended accuracy ~0.001% of gauge length).
  • Mechanical and electro‑optical extensometer options; use chemically compatible materials and minimise contact effects.
  • Temperature measurement with thermocouples; temperature uniformity within the gauge length (<20 °C) and stability (±5 °C <1000 °C; ±10 °C ≥1000 °C).
• Performance tolerances:
  • Applied force stability within ±1% during environmental fluctuations.
  • Consideration of loading rate effects to avoid matrix micro-cracking and altered creep life.
• Data & reporting:
  • Definitions and outputs include creep strain, creep strain rate (primary, secondary, tertiary), creep rupture time and required test report content.
• Normative references: EN 1892, EN 60584-1/-2, EN ISO 7500-1, ISO 3611.

Applications and users

• Who uses it: materials engineers, high‑temperature test laboratories, R&D teams, quality assurance for CMC manufacturers, and regulators.
• Practical applications: qualification and lifetime assessment of CMCs for aerospace turbine components, thermal protection systems, power‑generation, industrial furnaces, and other high‑temperature structural parts where inert or vacuum testing is required.

Related standards

• EN 1892 (tensile properties of CMCs at high temperature)
• EN ISO 7500-1 (verification of test machines)
• EN 60584-1 / EN 60584-2 (thermocouples)
• ISO 3611 (micrometers)

Keywords: EN 13235:2006, ceramic matrix composites, creep behaviour, high temperature testing, inert atmosphere, tensile creep, extensometer, CMC creep testing.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of creep behaviourDCéramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques composites a haute température sous atmosphere inerte - Détermination du comportement au fluageHochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur in inerter Atmosphäre - Bestimmung des KriechverhaltensTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13235:2006SIST EN 13235:2007en81.060.30Sodobna keramikaAdvanced ceramicsICS:SIST ENV 13235:20001DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13235:200701-januar-2007

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13235October 2006ICS 81.060.30Supersedes ENV 13235:1998
English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramiccomposites at high temperature under inert atmosphere -Determination of creep behaviourCéramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniquesdes céramiques composites à haute température sousatmosphère inerte - Détermination du comportement aufluageHochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften vonkeramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur ininerter Atmosphäre - Bestimmung des KriechverhaltensThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 September 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13235:2006: E

Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Principle.4 4 Terms, definitions and symbols.5 5 Significance and use.6 6 Apparatus.7 6.1 Test installations.7 6.2 Load train.7 6.3 Test chamber.8 6.4 Set-up for heating.8 6.5 Extensometer.8 6.6 Temperature measurement.9 6.7 Data recording system.9 6.8 Micrometers.9 7 Test specimens.9 8 Test specimen preparation.10 8.1 Machining and preparation.10 8.2 Number of test specimens.10 9 Test procedures.10 9.1 Test set-up: temperature considerations.10 9.2 Test set-up: loading considerations.11 9.3 Test set-up: measurement of test specimen dimensions.11 9.4 Test technique.11 9.5 Test validity.13 10 Calculation of results.14 10.1 Test specimen origin.14 10.2 Results.14 10.3 Creep strain rate curve.15 11 Test report.15

longitudinal deformation, ∆∆∆∆L change in the gauge length caused by creep 4.10 tensile creep strain, εεεεcr relative change in the gauge length at time t, caused by creep NOTE The value corresponding to rupture is denoted εcr,m. 4.11 creep rupture time, t cr,m time elapsed from the moment when loading is completed until the moment of rupture 4.12 creep strain rate, ε&cr change in creep strain per unit time at time t

a)
b)
Key 1 creep strain εcr 6 creep strain rate εcr (creep strain with time) 2 time t 7 time t 3 primary creep 8 primary creep 4 secondary creep 9 secondary creep 5 tertiary creep 10 tertiary creep Figure 1 — Representations of a) creep strain versus time and b) creep strain rate versus time 5 Significance and use Several mechanisms may be responsible for time-dependent deformation of fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites at high temperature. These may be creep of the fibre and/or the matrix, or may be caused by the composite nature of the material (matrix micro-cracking, fibre-matrix interface sliding). Creep is characterised by the total time-dependent increase of the gauge length, starting from the time when the specified force level is reached, whatever the mechanism responsible. During the loading phase, the loading rate up to the specified force level can have a dramatic effect on the subsequent accumulation of creep strain. This is particularly the case when the fibres and the matrix have very different creep strengths. Upon fast application of the force, the load is distributed
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