EN 61400-12-1:2006

Wind turbines - Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines

Specifies a procedure for measuring the power performance characteristics of a single wind turbine and applies to the testing of wind turbines of all types and sizes connected to the electrical power network. Also describes a procedure to be used to determine the power performance characteristics of small wind turbines (as defined in IEC 61400-2) when connected to either the electric power network or a battery bank.

Windenergieanlagen - Teil 12-1: Messung des Leistungsverhaltens einer Windenergieanlage

Eoliennes - Partie 12-1: Mesures des performances de puissance des éoliennes de production d'électricité

Vetrne turbine – 12-1. del: Preskušanje zmogljivosti vetrnih turbin za proizvodnjo električne energije (IEC 61400-12-1:2005)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 13-Jun-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Apr-2009
• ICS: 27.180 - Wind turbine energy systems
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 88 - Wind turbines
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 88 - IEC_TC_88
• Parallel Committee: IEC/TC 88 - IEC_TC_88
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 07-Apr-2020
• Completion Date: 07-Apr-2020
• Ref Project: SIST EN 61400-12-1:2006 - Wind turbines -- Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines

Relations

• Replaces: EN 61400-12:1998 - Wind turbine generator systems - Part 12: Wind turbine power performance testing
• Effective Date: 29-Jan-2023
• Replaced By: EN 61400-12-1:2017 - Wind energy generation systems - Part 12-1: Power performance measurement of electricity producing wind turbines
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61400-12-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2006
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 27.180 Supersedes EN 61400-12:1998

English version
Wind turbines
Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of
electricity producing wind turbines
(IEC 61400-12-1:2005)
Eoliennes  Windenergieanlagen
Partie 12-1: Mesures des performances Teil 12-1: Messung des
de puissance des éoliennes Leistungsverhaltens einer
de production d'électricité Windenergieanlage
(CEI 61400-12-1:2005) (IEC 61400-12-1:2005)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-05-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61400-12-1:2006 E
Foreword
The text of document 88/244/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61400-12-1, prepared by IEC TC 88, Wind
turbines, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 61400-12-1 on 2006-05-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 61400-12:1998.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2007-02-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-05-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-12-1:2005 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60044-2 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60044-2:1999 +A1:2000 +A2:2003 (not modified).
IEC 61400-1 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61400-1:2005 (not modified).

__________
- 3 - EN 61400-12-1:2006
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60044-1 (mod) 1996 Instrument transformers - EN 60044-1 1999
+ A1 2000 Part 1: Current transformers + A1 2000
+ A2 2002 + A2 2003
IEC 60688 1992 Electrical measuring transducers for EN 60688 1992
+ A1 (mod) 1997 converting a.c. electrical quantities to + A1 1999
+ A2 2001 analogue or digital signals + A2 2001

IEC 61400-2 1996 Wind turbine generator systems - EN 61400-2 1996
Part 2: Safety of small wind turbines

ISO 2533 1975 Standard atmosphere - -

ISO/IEC Guide 1995 Guide to the expression of uncertainty in - -
Expres measurement (GUM)
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 61400-12-1
First edition
2005-12
Wind turbines –
Part 12-1:
Power performance measurements
of electricity producing wind turbines

 IEC 2005  Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: [phone] Telefax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] Web: www.iec.ch
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МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue

– 2 – 61400-12-1  IEC:2005(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.7
1 Scope.8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms and definitions .9
4 Symbols and units .11
5 Preparation for performance test .14
5.1 Wind turbine and electrical connection .14
5.2 Test site .14
6 Test equipment.16
6.1 Electric power .16
6.2 Wind speed .16
6.3 Wind direction .17
6.4 Air density.17
6.5 Rotational speed and pitch angle.17
6.6 Blade condition .17
6.7 Wind turbine control system .17
6.8 Data acquisition system.18
7 Measurement procedure.18
7.1 General .18
7.2 Wind turbine operation .18
7.3 Data collection .18
7.4 Data rejection.19
7.5 Data correction.19
7.6 Database.19
8 Derived results .20
8.1 Data normalization .20
8.2 Determination of the measured power curve.21
8.3 Annual energy production (AEP) .21
8.4 Power coefficient.22
9 Reporting format.23

Annex A (normative) Assessment of obstacles at the test site.33
Annex B (normative) Assessment of terrain at the test site .36
Annex C (normative) Site calibration procedure .37
Annex D (normative) Evaluation of uncertainty in measurement.39
Annex E (informative) Theoretical basis for determining the uncertainty of
measurement using the method of bins.41
Annex G (normative) Mounting of instruments on the meteorological mast.66
Annex H (normative) Power performance testing of small wind turbines.74
Annex I (normative) Classification of anemometry.77
Annex J (informative) Assessment of cup anemometry .79
Annex K (informative) In situ comparison of anemometers .88

Bibliography.90

61400-12-1  IEC:2005(E) – 3 –

Figure 1 – Requirements as to distance of the meteorological mast and maximum
allowed measurement sectors.15
Figure 2 – Presentation of example database A and B: power performance test scatter
plots sampled at 1 Hz (mean values averaged over 10 min).26
Figure 3 – Presentation of example measured power curve for databases A and B .27
Figure 4 – Presentation of example C curve for databases A and B.28
p
Figure 5 – Presentation of example site calibration (only the sectors 20° to 30°, 40° to
60°, 160° to 210° and 330° to 350° are valid sectors).29
Figure A.1 – Sectors to exclude due to wakes of neighbouring and operating wind
turbines and significant obstacles .34
Figure A.2 – An example of sectors to exclude due to wakes of the wind turbine under
test, a neighbouring and operating wind turbine and a significant obstacle.35
Figure B.1 – Illustration of area to be assessed, top view.36
Figure G.1 – Example of a top-mounted anemometer and requirements for mounting .66
Figure G.2 – Example of alternative top-mounted primary and control anemometers
positioned side-by-side and wind vane and other instruments on the boom.67
Figure G.3 – Example of a top-mounted anemometer and mounting of control
anemometer, wind vane and other sensors on a boom.68
Figure G.4 – Example of top-mounted primary and control anemometers positioned
side-by-side, wind vane and other instruments on the boom .69
Figure G.5 – Iso-speed plot of local flow speed around a cylindrical mast, normalised
by free-field wind speed (from the left); analysis by 2 dimensional Navier-Stokes
computations .70
Figure G.6 – Centre-line relative wind speed as a function of distance R from the
centre of a tubular mast and mast diameter d .70
Figure G.7 – Representation of a three-legged lattice mast showing the centre-line
wind speed deficit, the actuator disc representation of the mast with the leg distance L
and distance R from the centre of the mast to the point of observation.71
Figure G.8 – Iso-speed plot of local flow speed around a triangular lattice mast with a
C of 0,5 normalised by free-field wind speed (from the left); analysis by 2
T
dimensional Navier-Stokes computation and actuator disc theory .72
Figure G.9 – Centre-line relative wind speed as a function of distance R from the
centre of a triangular lattice mast of face width L for various C values.72
T
Figure J.1 – Measured angular response of a cup anemometer compared to cosine
response.79
Figure J.2 – Wind tunnel torque measurements on a cup anemometer at 8 m/s .80
Figure J.3 – Example of bearing friction torque measurements .81
Figure J.4 – Distribution of vertical wind speed components assuming a fixed ratio
between horizontal and vertical standard deviation in wind speed.82
Figure J.5 –
...