CLC/TR 50454:2008
(Main)Guide for the application of aluminium electrolytic capacitors
Guide for the application of aluminium electrolytic capacitors
This Technical Report applies to components as described in the scope of the following standards: EN 60384-4 Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 4: Sectional specification - Aluminium electrolytic capacitors with solid (MnO2) and non-solid electrolyte EN 137100 Sectional Specification: Fixed aluminium electrolytic a.c. capacitors with non-solid electrolyte for motor starter applications - Qualification approval The information given in these documents apply to capacitors with non-solid electrolyte but may, in its appropriate clauses, apply to capacitors with solid electrolyte as well. In cases of doubt, the application of this document shall be discussed between the user and the manufacturer of the components.
Leitfaden für die Anwendung von Aluminium-Elektrolyt-Kondensatoren
Guide pour l'utilisation de condensateurs électrolytiques à l'aluminium
Navodilo za uporabo aluminijskih elektrolitskih kondenzatorjev
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST R040-001:2002
Navodilo za uporabo aluminijskih elektrolitskih kondenzatorjev
Guide for the application of aluminium electrolytic capacitors
Leitfaden für die Anwendung von Aluminium-Elektrolyt-Kondensatoren
Guide pour l'utilisation de condensateurs électrolytiques a l'aluminium
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CLC/TR 50454:2008
ICS:
31.060.50 Aluminijski elektrolitni Aluminium electrolytic
kondenzatorji capacitors
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CLC/TR 50454
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
April 2008
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 31.060.50 Supersedes R040-001:1998
English version
Guide for the application of aluminium electrolytic capacitors
Guide pour l'utilisation de condensateurs Leitfaden für die Anwendung von
électrolytiques à l'aluminium Aluminium-Elektrolyt-Kondensatoren
This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2008-02-08.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. CLC/TR 50454:2008 E
Foreword
This Technical Report was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 40XA, Capacitors.
The text of the draft was submitted to the vote in accordance with the Internal Regulations, Part 2,
Subclause 11.4.3.3 (simple majority) and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TR 50454 on
2008-02-08.
This Technical Report supersedes R040-001:1998.
__________
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Contents
1 Scope and object . 5
1.1 Scope . 5
1.2 Object . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Protection measures . 7
4.1 Handling and tr ans por t . 7
4.2 Insulation . 7
5 General application limits . 7
5.1 Polarity - Reverse voltage . 7
5.2 Voltage . 7
5.3 Temperature range . 8
5.4 Ripple current. 8
5.5 Charge - Discharge . 8
6 Storage. 8
7 External pressure . 9
7.1 Low air pressure . 9
7.2 High air pressure . 9
8 Self-recharge phenomenon (dielectric absorption) . 9
9 Flammability (passive and active) . 9
9.1 Passive flammability . 9
9.2 Active flammability . 9
10 Internal pressure and pressure relief device .10
11 Working electrolytes and contact with an electrolyte .10
12 Parallel and series connection .11
12.1 Parallel and series connection of capacitors . 11
12.2 Balancing resistors for voltage sharing . 12
12.3 Component failure . 15
12.4 Back-to-back connection . 15
13 Clearance and creepage distances .16
13.1 Distances inside the capacitor . 16
13.2 Distances outside the capacitor . 16
14 Capacitor mounting .16
14.1 General conditions for mounting . 16
14.2 Component preparation . 17
14.3 Mounting . 17
14.4 Soldering . 18
14.5 Transport and handling of assembled devices . 18
15 Cleaning solvents .19
15.1 General . 19
15.2 Cleaning solvents and process parameters . 19
16 Potting and gluing .20
16.1 Potting and gluing materials . 20
16.2 Curing process . 20
17 Aluminium electrolytic motor start capacitors .20
17.1 Connection . 20
17.2 Mains voltage and surge . 20
17.3 Duty cycle . 21
17.4 Discharge resistor . 21
17.5 Operating temperature and vibration . 21
17.6 Insulation (capacitor energised) . 22
17.7 Failure mechanism . 22
18 Disposal of capacitors .22
Figures
Figure 1 - Individual balancing resistors . 11
Figure 2 - Common centre connection . 12
Figure 3 - Group-balancing resistors . 12
Figure 4 - Voltage sharing analysis . 13
Figure 5 - Back-to-back connection . 15
Figure 6 - Typical motor start arrangement . 20
Table
Table 1 - Balancing examples . 15
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1 Scope and object
1.1 Scope
This Technical Report applies to components as described in the scope of the following
standards:
EN 60384-4 Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 4: Sectional
specification - Aluminium electrolytic capacitors with solid (MnO ) and
non-solid electrolyte
EN 137100 Sectional Specification: Fixed aluminium electrolytic a.c. capacitors with
non-solid electrolyte for motor starter applications - Qualification
approval
The information given in these documents apply to capacitors with non-solid electrolyte
but may, in its appropriate clauses, apply to capacitors with solid electrolyte as well.
In cases of doubt, the application of this document shall be discussed between the user
and the manufacturer of the components.
1.2 Object
Electrolytic capacitors in general – and aluminium electrolytic capacitors in particular –
are an exception in the capacitor field because of the components close interaction of
physics and chemistry. Therefore, aluminium electrolytic capacitors show, in various
aspects, a technical behaviour unaccustomed to the user. That could easily lead to
misapplications and even to endangering of persons and goods. The aim of this
application guide is to minimize these risks by providing detailed information on the
specific peculiarities of the component.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 60384-1:2001 Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 1: Generic
specification (IEC 60384-1:1999, mod.)
EN 60384-4:2007 Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 4: Sectional
specification - Aluminium electrolytic capacitors with solid (MnO2)
and non-solid electrolyte (IEC 60384-4:2007)
EN 137000:1995 Generic Specification: Fixed aluminium electrolytic a.c. capacitors
with non-solid electrolyte for use with motors
EN 137100:1995 Sectional Specification: Fixed aluminium electrolytic a.c. capacitors
with non-solid electrolyte for motor starter applications -
Qualification approval
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
positive electrode (anode)
aluminium (preferably aluminium foil) of extreme purity which is etched in most cases in
order to increase the electrodes surface and, consequently, the capacitors capacitance
yield
3.2
negative electrode (cathode)
working electrolyte which is a conductive liquid in the case of capacitors with non-solid
electrolyte or a layer of manganese dioxide MnO , conductive organic salt (e.g. TCNQ)
or conductive polymer (e.g. polypyrrole) in the case of capacitors with solid electrolyte
3.3
dielectric
aluminium oxide Al O which is formed on the anode’s surface by an anodizing process
2 3
3.4
contact element for the negative electrode
a high-purity aluminium foil (“cathode foil”) in the case of capacitors with non-solid
electrolyte or silver epoxy on graphite or other conductive connections in the case of
capacitors with solid electrolyte
3.5
separator
layers (preferably of special paper) which separate the anode foil from the “cathode foil”
in the case of capacitors with non-solid electrolyte. The other purpose of these layers is
to retain the working electrolyte
3.6
external insulation
the metallic case of capacitors with non-solid electrolyte is not insulated against internal
capacitor elements as the case may be connected e.g. through the conductive working
electrolyte. Therefore, the capacitors need an external insulation sleeve if electrical
insulation is required
3.7
polarity
electrolytic capacitors are, on principle, polarized components. For special purposes, so-
called non-polar (bipolar) capacitors may be provided. Such special types consist in
principle of an internal back-to-back connection of two basically polarized elements
NOTE Motorstart capacitors are bipolar (see 12.4 and Clause 17).
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3.8
sealing
the internal element of a non-solid electrolytic capacitor is normally encapsulated in an
aluminium case closed with a sealing material which is never perfectly gas-tight.
Because of using a non-solid el
...
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