ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013
(Main)Information technology - Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) - Part 4: Entity models
Information technology - Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) - Part 4: Entity models
The purpose of the ISO/IEC 29182 series is to
- provide guidance to facilitate the design and development of sensor networks,
- improve interoperability of sensor networks, and
- make sensor network components plug-and-play, so that it becomes fairly easy to add/remove sensor nodes to/from an existing sensor network.
ISO/IEC 29182-4 presents models for the entities that enable sensor network applications and services according to the Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA).
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 29182-4
First edition
2013-07-15
Information technology — Sensor
networks: Sensor Network Reference
Architecture (SNRA) —
Part 4:
Entity models
Technologies de l’information — Réseaux de capteurs: Architecture de
référence pour réseaux de capteurs —
Partie 4: Modèles des entités
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2013
© ISO/IEC 2013
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 1
5 Overview . 2
6 Physical entities. 6
6.1 Sensor nodes . 6
6.2 Gateways .10
6.3 Other networks .10
6.4 Service providers .10
6.5 Users .10
7 Functional entities .11
7.1 Sensor node hardware layer.11
7.2 Basic functions layer .11
7.3 Service layer .13
7.4 Application layer .16
7.5 Cross-layer management.17
Bibliography .22
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 29182 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Sensor
networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA):
— Part 1: General overview and requirements
— Part 2: Vocabulary and terminology
— Part 3: Reference architecture views
— Part 4: Entity models
— Part 5: Interface definitions
— Part 7: Interoperability guidelines
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 6: Applications
iv © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
Introduction
A wide range of applications has been proposed for sensor networks. In practice, however, sensor
networks have been built and deployed for a relatively small number of applications. This is partly due
to the lack of a business case for certain applications and partly due to technical challenges in building a
non-trivial sensor network of reasonable complexity. The main reason for this impediment is the multi-
disciplinary expertise – such as sensors, communications and networking, signal processing, electronics,
computing, and cyber security – required to design a sensor network. Presently, the design process is
so complex that one can leverage little from one sensor network design to another. It appears as if one
has to start from almost scratch every time one wishes to design and deploy a sensor network. Yet,
upon closer inspection, there are many commonalities in instantiations of sensor networks that realize
various applications. These commonalities include similarities in the choice of network architecture and
the entities/functional blocks that are used in the architecture.
The purpose of the ISO/IEC 29182 series is to
— provide guidance to facilitate the design and development of sensor networks,
— improve interoperability of sensor networks, and
— make sensor network components plug-and-play, so that it becomes fairly easy to add/remove
sensor nodes to/from an existing sensor network.
The ISO/IEC 29182 series can be used by sensor network designers, software developers, system
integrators, and service providers to meet customer requirements, including any applicable
interoperability requirements.
The ISO/IEC 29182 series comprises seven parts. Brief descriptions of these parts are given next.
ISO/IEC 29182-1 provides a general overview and the requirements for the sensor network reference
architecture.
ISO/IEC 29182-2 provides definitions for the terminology and vocabulary used in the reference
architecture.
ISO/IEC 29182-3 presents the reference architecture from various viewpoints, such as business,
operational, system, technical, functional, and logical views.
This part of ISO/IEC 29182 categorizes the entities comprising the reference architecture into two
classes of physical and functional entities and presents models for the entities.
ISO/IEC 29182-5 provides detailed information on the interfaces among various entities in the reference
architecture.
ISO/IEC 29182-6 provides detailed information on the development of International Standardized Profiles.
ISO/IEC 29182-7 provides design principles for the reference architecture that take the interoperability
requirements into account.
There are no requirements for compliance in the ISO/IEC 29182 series. Users should ensure that
the sensor nodes, and the related sensor network, are compliant with the application or deployment
governing body.
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 29182-4:2013(E)
Information technology — Sensor networks: Sensor
Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) —
Part 4:
Entity models
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 29182 presents models for the entities that enable sensor network applications and
services according to the Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 29182-2, Information technology — Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture
(SNRA) — Part 2: Vocabulary and terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 29182-2 apply.
4 Abbreviated terms
3G 3rd Generation
4G 4th Generation
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS Global Positioning System
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IP Internet Protocol
IT Information Technology
LBS Location-Based Services
MAC Medium Access Control
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PHY Physical
PII Personally Identifiable Information
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved 1
QoS Quality of Service
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
SCM Source Configuration Management
SDP Service Discovery Protocol
SNRA Sensor Network Reference Architecture
TEDS Transducer Electronic Data Sheet
5 Overview
The purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 29182 is to provide basic information about and high-level models
for various entities that comprise a sensor network. Entities can be roughly categorized into two classes,
physical and functional. Physical entities are pieces of hardware and actual devices or components
thereof that form the network, such as sensor nodes and gateways. For example, while a sensor node is a
physical entity, so are any of the sensors in that node. A functional entity, on the other hand, represents a
certain task that may be carried out on one or more types of physical entity. For example, data acquisition
and collaborative information processing are both functional entities. While the former is carried out by
the sensors, the latter is done “collaboratively” by sensor nodes, service providers, and users (or their
machines, to be more precise). Routing and authentication are other examples of functional entities.
More often than not, functional entities are pieces of code that run on physical entities.
Each entity model presented in this document is a description of the function/role of that entity. An
attempt has been made to provide more detailed models for entities that are specific to sensor networks
and typically not found in general-purpose communication networks. Examples of such physical entities
include sensors and actuators. Similarly, more detailed models have been provided for functional entities
such as data processing, self-localization, group management/clustering, collaborative information
processing, and device management. A more detailed model may include an input-output relationship
for what the entity does, some features of the entity that characterize its capabilities, and a taxonomy of
various ways in which the entity may be implemented.
Figures 1 and 2 provide an overall view of the entities modelled in this document. Figure 1 is an
[1] [2]
amalgamation of Figure 3 in ISO/IEC 29182-1 and Figure 4 in ISO/IEC 29182-3 . It shows the physical
entities that form a sensor network and how these entities are connected to each other. The blow-up part
of the figure is borrowed from ISO/IEC 29182-3 and it shows the internal structure of a sensor node.
It implies that actuator(s), although associated with sensor nodes, may not physically reside in sensor
nodes. The rest of the figure comes from ISO/IEC 29182-1 and it depicts a more complex instantiation
of a sensor network than the other cases presented in Figures 1 and 2 in ISO/IEC 29182-1. Figure 2 is
the same as Figure 7 in ISO/IEC 29182-3. It has been reproduced in this document for ease of reference.
2 © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
Figure 1 — Physical entitie
...
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