IEC TR 63222-100:2023

Power quality management - Part 100: Impact of power quality issues on electrical equipment and power system

IEC TR 63222-100:2023, which is a Technical Report, collects relevant information on power quality impacts from, e.g., CIGRE reports, case studies, research findings, etc., in order to uncover the mechanisms of how electrical equipment/installations/system are impacted by power quality disturbances, as well as to fully understand the guidelines for power quality management. The contents of this document aim to help network operators, network users and equipment suppliers make rational investments and actively cooperate to manage power quality and keep it consistent with relevant EMC standards.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Aug-2023
• ICS: 29.020 - Electrical engineering in general
• Technical Committee: TC 8 - System aspects of electrical energy supply
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 17-Jul-2023
• Completion Date: 30-Aug-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TR 63222-100 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-08
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Power quality management –
Part 100: Impact of power quality issues on electric equipment and power
system
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IEC TR 63222-100 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-08
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Power quality management –
Part 100: Impact of power quality issues on electric equipment and power

system
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.020  ISBN 978-2-8322-7443-9

– 2 – IEC TR 63222-100:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 General impacts of power quality issues . 12
4.1 General . 12
4.2 Harmonic distortion . 12
4.3 Voltage unbalance . 13
4.4 Voltage deviation . 13
4.5 Frequency deviation . 13
4.6 Flicker and rapid voltage change . 14
4.7 Voltage dip . 14
4.8 Transient over-voltages . 14
4.9 Voltage swell . 14
5 Continuous power quality disturbances impact. 14
5.1 The impact of voltage deviation . 14
5.1.1 General . 14
5.1.2 Impact on equipment . 16
5.1.3 Impact on power system . 17
5.2 The impact of frequency deviation . 18
5.2.1 General . 18
5.2.2 Impact on electrical equipment . 19
5.3 The impact of voltage unbalance . 21
5.3.1 General . 21
5.3.2 Impact on electrical equipment . 22
5.3.3 Impact on power system . 27
5.3.4 Impact on electrical equipment . 30
5.3.5 Impact on power system . 32
5.3.6 Impact on electrical equipment . 34
5.3.7 Impact on electrical equipment . 40
6 Discontinuous power quality disturbances impact . 41
6.1 The impact of voltage dip and short time interruptions . 41
6.1.1 General . 41
6.1.2 Impact on power system equipment . 42
6.1.3 Effects on end users' devices . 43
6.1.4 Useful impacts assessment indices . 45
6.2 The impact of voltage swell . 47
6.2.1 General . 47
6.2.2 Impact on power system . 48
6.2.3 Effects on some electrical equipment . 48
6.3 The impact of transient over-voltage . 49
6.3.1 General . 49
6.3.2 Impact on power system equipment . 49
6.3.3 Effects on some electrical equipment . 50
Annex A (informative) Case analysis: Voltage deviation impact on power loss . 52

A.1 Loss of low voltage distribution network . 52
A.1.1 Transformer iron loss . 52
A.1.2 Transformer copper loss . 52
A.2 LED Lights . 55
Annex B (informative) Case analysis: Voltage unbalance impact . 57
B.1 Three-phase unbalance leads to voltage deviation . 57
B.2 Increases the loss of power network . 58
Annex C (informative) Case analysis: flicker and rapid voltage change impact . 61
C.1 The impact of RVC on induction motor . 61
C.2 The impact of RVC on electrolytic capacitor lifetime . 63
C.3 The experiment of the impact of voltage fluctuation on induction motor life 64
C.4 Voltage fluctuation reduces the energy efficiency . 67
Annex D (informative) Case analysis: Harmonic, inter-harmonic and the high
frequency component impact . 70
D.1 Harmonic impact on tripping time of relay protection device . 70
D.2 The impact of harmonics on billable meters in Markal, Dist. Pune Steel Mill
.................................................................................................................. 71
D.3 The impact of harmonics on power cable . 72
D.3.1 Parameter aspect . 72
D.3.2 Performance aspect . 73
D.4 The impact of inter-harmonics on sub-synchronous oscillation of power
system . 74
Annex E (informative) Case: Voltage dip impact . 76
E.1 Voltage dip sensitive equipment tolerance test . 76
E.1.1 Alternating current contactor (ACC) voltage dip tolerance results . 76
E.1.2 PLC voltage dip tolerance test and test results . 78
E.1.3 Relay voltage dip tolerance test and test results . 81
E.2 Voltage dip sensitive industrial customers . 87
Annex F (informative) Case: Voltage swell impact . 88
Annex G (informative) Case: Transient over-voltage impact . 89
G.1 Test waveform . 89
G.2 Case of interaction between the power system and communications system
.................................................................................................................. 89
G.3 Case of 10kV hybrid OHL-cable system during energization . 89
Bibliography . 90

Figure 1 –The influence of under-voltage deviation on transmission loss . 18
Figure 2 – Derating factor for motors operating with phase voltage unbalance . 23
Figure 3 – Percentage changes in torques of induction motor . 24
Figure 4 – Standard drive with DC-link LC filter under 5 % grid voltage amplitude
unbalanced condition . 27
Figure 5 – Proportion of neutral line additional loss (%) . 28
Figure 6 – Neutral shift vector diagram . 29
Figure 7 – Capacitor current value under different voltage fluctuations condition . 32
Figure 8 – Current waveform and spectrum, transformer derating due to current
harmonic losses up to 2 kHz . 35
Figure 9 – Effect of harmonics on power loss . 38
Figure 10 – Effect of harmonics on temperature rise . 38

– 4 – IEC TR 63222-100:2023 © IEC 2023
Figure 11 – Effect of harmonics on expected useful life . 39
Figure 12 – ITIC (CBEMA) curve for equipment connected to 120 V 60 Hz systems . 44
Figure 13 – Region of uncertainty for sensitivity curves of equipment . 45
Figure A.1 – Equivalent circuit diagram of low voltage distribution network . 52
Figure A.2 – The relationship between the ratio of constant impedance load to
constant power load and voltage deviation in the connected system when the
additional copper loss is 0 . 54
Figure A.3 – U-I curves of four LED lamps . 56
Figure A.4 – P-U curves of four LED lamps . 56
Figure B.1 – Guowan #2 station . 57
Figure B.2 – Voltage curve of Guowan #2 station on January 27 . 57
Figure B.3 – Three – phase power curve of Guowan #2 station on January 27 . 58
Figure B.5 – Losses vs. unbalance factor . 60
Figure C.1 – Energy efficiency indexes of A phase when the frequency of am wave is
8,8 Hz . 61
Figure C.2 – Energy efficiency indexes of A phase when the amplitude modulation is
10 % (based on 50Hz system) .
...