IEC TS 60318-7:2017
(Main)Electroacoustics - Simulators of human head and ear - Part 7: Head and torso simulator for the measurement of air-conduction hearing aids
Electroacoustics - Simulators of human head and ear - Part 7: Head and torso simulator for the measurement of air-conduction hearing aids
IEC TS 60318-7:2017(E) describes a head and torso simulator, or manikin, intended for the measurement of air-conduction hearing aids in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 16 000 Hz.
The manikin described in this document is intended for airborne acoustic measurements only. It is not suitable for measurements which depend upon vibration transmission paths such as bone conduction, or for measurements requiring the simulation of bone or tissue.
This document specifies the manikin in terms of both its geometrical dimensions and its acoustical properties. Only manikins compliant with both sets of specifications are in conformance with this document.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the document is based on the designs of three different commonly used types of manikins;
b) the cross sections of the head and torso and pinna simulators of the previous edition are replaced by maximum and minimum values of their geometric dimensions;
c) the diffuse field frequency response of the manikin is added;
d) the usable frequency range is extended to 100 Hz to 16 000 Hz;
e) in addition to the cylindrical ear canal extension a tapered ear canal extension is added;
f) design examples of one anatomically shaped manikin and of two different geometrically shaped manikins are given in the annexes;
g) the relationship between tolerance interval, corresponding acceptance interval and the maximum permitted uncertainty of measurement are given in an annex;
h) 3D representations of three different types of pinna simulators are given in an annex.
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IEC TS 60318-7 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electroacoustics – Simulators of human head and ear –
Part 7: Head and torso simulator for the measurement of air-conduction hearing
aids
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
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IEC TS 60318-7 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electroacoustics – Simulators of human head and ear –
Part 7: Head and torso simulator for the measurement of air-conduction hearing
aids
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-4166-0
– 2 – IEC 60318-7:2017 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Construction . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.2 Geometrical dimensions of the manikin . 12
4.2.1 Head and torso . 12
4.2.2 Pinna simulators for hearing aid measurements . 13
4.2.3 Ear canal extension . 14
4.2.4 Ear simulator . 16
4.2.5 Materials . 17
4.3 Acoustical characteristics of the manikin . 17
4.3.1 Free-field frequency response . 17
4.3.2 Diffuse-field frequency response . 19
4.3.3 Acceptance intervals . 20
4.3.4 Openings . 20
5 Calibration . 21
5.1 Reference environmental conditions . 21
5.2 Calibration method . 21
5.2.1 General . 21
5.2.2 Test signal, test space and measurement equipment . 21
5.2.3 Measurement of sound pressure level. 22
5.2.4 Alignment of manikin azimuth and elevation . 23
5.2.5 Test for sound leakage . 23
6 Marking and instruction manual . 23
6.1 Markings of the manikin . 23
6.2 Instruction manual . 23
7 Maximum permitted uncertainty of measurements . 24
Annex A (informative) Design example of an anatomically shaped manikin . 26
Annex B (informative) Design examples of a geometrically shaped manikin . 27
Annex C (informative) Relationship between tolerance interval, corresponding
acceptance interval and the maximum permitted uncertainty of measurement . 29
Annex D (informative) 3D representation of example pinna simulators . 30
D.1 Background. 30
D.2 Scanning technique . 30
D.3 Examples of pinna simulator shape . 30
D.4 Verification of conformance . 31
Bibliography . 32
Figure 1 – Manikin geometrical references . 10
Figure 2 – Coordinate scheme for azimuth and elevation angles . 11
Figure 3 – Illustration of manikin head and torso dimensions . 12
Figure 4 – Illustration of manikin pinna simulator dimensions . 15
Figure A.1 – Example of an anatomically shaped manikin . 26
IEC 60318-7:2017 IEC 2017 – 3 –
Figure B.1 – Example 1 of a geometrically shaped manikin . 27
Figure B.2 – Example 2 of a geometrically shaped manikin . 28
Figure C.1 – Relationship between tolerance interval, corresponding acceptance
interval and the maximum permitted uncertainty of measurement . 29
Figure D.1 – (Embedded 3D PDFs) – Examples of a pinna simulator . 31
Table 1 – Manikin head and torso dimensions . 13
Table 2 – Dimensions of the pinna simulator and the cylindrical ear canal extension of
the manikin . 16
Table 3 – Dimensions of the pinna simulator and the tapered ear canal extension of
the manikin . 16
Table 4 – Free-field frequency response of the manikin for an azimuth angle of 0°
(right ear). 18
Table 5 – Free-field frequency responses of the manikin for azimuth angles of 90°,
180° and 270° (right ear) . 19
Table 6 – Diffuse-field frequency response of the manikin (right ear) . 20
Table 7 – Maximum permitted uncertainty U for type approval measurements . 25
max
– 4 – IEC 60318-7:2017 IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROACOUSTICS – SIMULATORS OF HUMAN HEAD AND EAR –
Part 7: Head and torso simulator for the measurement of
air-conduction hearing aids
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC
Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
specification when
• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or
• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
IEC TS 60318-7, which is
...
IEC TS 60318-7 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electroacoustics – Simulators of human head and ear –
Part 7: Head and torso simulator for the measurement of air-conduction hearing
aids
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: csc@iec.ch.
IEC TS 60318-7 ®
Edition 2.0 2017-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electroacoustics – Simulators of human head and ear –
Part 7: Head and torso simulator for the measurement of air-conduction hearing
aids
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-4166-0
– 2 – IEC 60318-7:2017 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Construction . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.2 Geometrical dimensions of the manikin . 12
4.2.1 Head and torso . 12
4.2.2 Pinna simulators for hearing aid measurements . 13
4.2.3 Ear canal extension . 14
4.2.4 Ear simulator . 16
4.2.5 Materials . 17
4.3 Acoustical characteristics of the manikin . 17
4.3.1 Free-field frequency response . 17
4.3.2 Diffuse-field frequency response . 19
4.3.3 Acceptance intervals . 20
4.3.4 Openings . 20
5 Calibration . 21
5.1 Reference environmental conditions . 21
5.2 Calibration method . 21
5.2.1 General . 21
5.2.2 Test signal, test space and measurement equipment . 21
5.2.3 Measurement of sound pressure level. 22
5.2.4 Alignment of manikin azimuth and elevation . 23
5.2.5 Test for sound leakage . 23
6 Marking and instruction manual . 23
6.1 Markings of the manikin . 23
6.2 Instruction manual . 23
7 Maximum permitted uncertainty of measurements . 24
Annex A (informative) Design example of an anatomically shaped manikin . 26
Annex B (informative) Design examples of a geometrically shaped manikin . 27
Annex C (informative) Relationship between tolerance interval, corresponding
acceptance interval and the maximum permitted uncertainty of measurement . 29
Annex D (informative) 3D representation of example pinna simulators . 30
D.1 Background. 30
D.2 Scanning technique . 30
D.3 Examples of pinna simulator shape . 30
D.4 Verification of conformance . 31
Bibliography . 32
Figure 1 – Manikin geometrical references . 10
Figure 2 – Coordinate scheme for azimuth and elevation angles . 11
Figure 3 – Illustration of manikin head and torso dimensions . 12
Figure 4 – Illustration of manikin pinna simulator dimensions . 15
Figure A.1 – Example of an anatomically shaped manikin . 26
IEC 60318-7:2017 IEC 2017 – 3 –
Figure B.1 – Example 1 of a geometrically shaped manikin . 27
Figure B.2 – Example 2 of a geometrically shaped manikin . 28
Figure C.1 – Relationship between tolerance interval, corresponding acceptance
interval and the maximum permitted uncertainty of measurement . 29
Figure D.1 – (Embedded 3D PDFs) – Examples of a pinna simulator . 31
Table 1 – Manikin head and torso dimensions . 13
Table 2 – Dimensions of the pinna simulator and the cylindrical ear canal extension of
the manikin . 16
Table 3 – Dimensions of the pinna simulator and the tapered ear canal extension of
the manikin . 16
Table 4 – Free-field frequency response of the manikin for an azimuth angle of 0°
(right ear). 18
Table 5 – Free-field frequency responses of the manikin for azimuth angles of 90°,
180° and 270° (right ear) . 19
Table 6 – Diffuse-field frequency response of the manikin (right ear) . 20
Table 7 – Maximum permitted uncertainty U for type approval measurements . 25
max
– 4 – IEC 60318-7:2017 IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROACOUSTICS – SIMULATORS OF HUMAN HEAD AND EAR –
Part 7: Head and torso simulator for the measurement of
air-conduction hearing aids
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC
Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
specification when
• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or
• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical specifications are
...
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