IEC 61391-1:2006

Ultrasonics - Pulse-echo scanners - Part 1: Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems and measurement of system point-spread function response

Describes methods of calibrating the spatial measurement facilities and point-spread function of ultrasonic imaging equipment in the ultrasonic frequency range 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz. This standard is relevant for ultrasonic scanners based on the pulse echo principle of the types listed below: - mechanical sector scanners; - electronic phased-array sector scanners; - electronic linear-array scanners; - electronic curved-array sector scanners; - water bath scanners based on any of the above four scanning mechanisms; - 3D-volume reconstruction systems.

Ultrasons - Scanners à impulsion et écho - Partie 1: Techniques pour l'étalonnage des systèmes de mesure spatiaux et des mesures de la réponse de la fonction de dispersion ponctuelle du système

Décrit des méthodes d'étalonnage des moyens de mesure spatiaux et de la fonction de dispersion ponctuelle d'équipements d'imagerie à ultrasons, dans la gamme des fréquences ultrasoniques s'étendant de 0,5 MHz à 15 MHz. La norme s'applique aux scanners ultrasoniques basés sur le principe d'impulsion et écho des types suivants: - scanners sectoriels à balayage mécanique; - scanners sectoriels électroniques à réseau de phase; - scanners électroniques à réseau linéaire; - scanners sectoriels électroniques à réseau courbe; - scanners à bain d'eau, basé sur l'un des quatre mécanismes de balayage précédents; - systèmes de reconstruction de volume en 3D.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Jul-2006
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 17.140.50 - Electroacoustics
• Technical Committee: TC 87 - Ultrasonics
• Drafting Committee: WG 9 - TC 87/WG 9
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 15-Aug-2006
• Completion Date: 11-Jul-2006

Relations

• Amended By: IEC 61391-1:2006/AMD1:2017 - Amendment 1 - Ultrasonics - Pulse-echo scanners - Part 1: Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems and measurement of point-spread function response
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 61391-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2017-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Pulse-echo scanners –
Part 1: Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems and
measurement of system point-spread function response

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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IEC 61391-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2017-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Pulse-echo scanners –

Part 1: Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems and

measurement of system point-spread function response

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-4589-7

IEC 61391-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2017-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Pulse-echo scanners –
Part 1: Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems and
measurement of system point-spread function response

– 2 – IEC 61391-1:2006+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols . 15
5 General conditions . 16
6 Techniques for calibrating 2D-measurement systems . 17
6.1 Test methods . 17
6.2 Instruments . 17
6.3 Test settings . 18
6.4 Test parameters . 19
7 Methods for calibrating 3D-measurement systems . 21
7.1 General . 21
7.2 Types of 3D-reconstruction methods . 21
7.3 Test parameters associated with reconstruction problems . 22
7.4 Test methods for measurement of 3D-reconstruction accuracy . 23
8 Measurement of point-spread and line-spread functions (high-contrast spot size) . 27
8.1 General . 27
8.2 Test methods . 28
8.3 Instruments . 28
8.4 Test settings . 29
8.5 Test parameters . 31
Annex A (normative) Test objects – Calibration of 2D-spatial measurement systems . 36
Annex B (normative) Test objects – Measurement and calibration of 3D-image
reconstruction accuracy . 39
Annex C (normative) Test objects – Measurement of point-spread function response . 43
Annex D (informative) Quality parameters derived by PSF-mapping analysis . 48
Bibliography . 64

Figure A.1 – Concentric circular arrays of nylon filaments . 37
Figure A.2 – Regular 2D-array of nylon filaments . 38
Figure B.1 – Tissue mimicking ovoid target phantom . 40
Figure B.2 – Composite of two cross-sectional views of test object shown in Figure B.1 . 40
Figure B.3 – Projection view from top of test object shown in Figure B.1 . 41
Figure B.4 – Projection view from end window of test object shown in Figure B.1 . 42
Figure C.1 – Filament test object for measuring the LSF . 44
Figure C.2 – Axial resolution test object . 45
Figure C.3 – Movable single filament in water . 46
Figure C.5 – Slice thickness measurement and calculation . 47
Figure D.1 – Principal schematic of the PSF-analyser function . 51
Figure D.2 – Principle of elimination of internal multi-reflections in the spherical target
using filtration in time domain . 54

 IEC 2017
Figure D.4 – The derivation of FWHM-value from the lateral-amplitude profile of PSF
received-echo signal (a (x ,z ) = 221) with reflector positioned on axis of the
r,max i k
ultrasound beam in point (x ,z ) of the measuring grid . 57
i k
Figure D.5 – The FWHM-derivation from the elevational (transversal) profile of MER in
one point of the measuring grid . 58
Figure D.6 – The derivation of the reflected-signal axial-profile from the ROI . 59
Figure D.7 – The enumeration of the W parameter from the axial-profile line:
H,HM
a (x,z) = 243 . 59
r,max
Figure D.8 – The distribution of FWHM over a scan area of width 20 mm to depth 80
mm, made with a monofocal scan using a linear 5 MHz transducer . 60
Figure D.9 – The distribution of FWHM over a scan area of width 20 mm to depth 80
mm, made with the same system as for Figure D.7 but using three focal points (F1, F2
and F3) for the scan . 60
Figure D.10 – Plot of the distribution of MER-intensity over the scanning area 30 mm
wide and 40 mm deep . 61
Figure D.3 – A pixel maximum level and PSF-trace estimation in ROI stored digital data . 56
Figure D.11 – The elevational profile recorded from a (x ,y,z ) values for a spherical
r,max i k
target passing perpendicularly to the scanning plane in one point (x ,z ) of the
i k
measuring grid . 62

Table 1 – Expected values for the two ellipsoidal objects in Figure B.3 . 27
Table 2 – Suggested table of reported values . 27

– 4 – IEC 61391-1:2006+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
___________
ULTRASONICS – PULSE-ECHO SCANNERS –
Part 1: Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems
and measurement of system point-spread function response
FOREWORD
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
61391-1
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
2006-07
Ultrasons – Scanners à impulsion et écho –
Partie 1:
Techniques pour l'étalonnage des systèmes
de mesure spatiaux et des mesures de la réponse
de la fonction de dispersion ponctuelle du système

Ultrasonics – Pulse-echo scanners –
Part 1:
Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement
systems and measurement of system point-spread
function response
Numéro de référence
Reference number
CEI/IEC 61391-1:2006
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sont numérotées à partir de 60000. Ainsi, la CEI 34-1 issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For
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IEC
61391-1
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
2006-07
Ultrasons – Scanners à impulsion et écho –
Partie 1:
Techniques pour l'étalonnage des systèmes
de mesure spatiaux et des mesures de la réponse
de la fonction de dispersion ponctuelle du système

Ultrasonics – Pulse-echo scanners –
Part 1:
Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement
systems and measurement of system point-spread
function response
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– 2 – 61391-1  CEI:2006
I
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS .4
INTRODUCTION.8

1 Domaine d’application.10
2 Références normatives .10
3 Termes et définitions .10
4 Symboles.22
5 Conditions générales .22
6 Techniques d'étalonnage de systèmes de mesure 2D.26
6.1 Méthodes d’essai.26
6.2 Instruments .26
6.3 Réglages d’essai .28
6.4 Paramètres d’essai.30
7 Méthodes d'étalonnage des systèmes de mesure 3D.34
7.1 Généralités.34
7.2 Types de méthodes de reconstruction 3D.36
7.3 Paramètres d’essai associés aux problèmes de reconstruction.38
7.4 Méthodes d’essai pour la mesure de la précision de reconstruction 3D.40
8 Mesure des fonctions de dispersion ponctuelle et de dispersion linéaire (dimensions
de la zone de résolution à haut contraste) .48
8.1 Généralités.48
8.2 Méthodes d’essai.50
8.3 Instruments .50
8.4 Réglages d’essai .50
8.5 Paramètres d’essai.56

Annexe A (normative) Objets d’essai – Étalonnage de systèmes de mesure spatiaux 2D .66
Annexe B (normative) Objets d’essai – Mesure et étalonnage de la précision de
reconstruction d’images 3D .72
Annexe C (normative) Objets d’essai – Mesure de la réponse de la fonction de dispersion
ponctuelle .78

Bibliographie .88

61391-1  IEC:2006 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.9

1 Scope.11
2 Normative references.11
3 Terms and definitions .11
4 Symbols .23
5 General conditions.23
6 Techniques for calibrating 2D-measurement systems .27
6.1 Test methods .27
6.2 Instruments .27
6.3 Test settings.29
6.4 Test parameters .31
7 Methods for calibrating 3D-measurement systems.35
7.1 General .35
7.2 Types of 3D-reconstruction methods.37
7.3 Test parameters associated with reconstruction problems .39
7.4 Test methods for measurement of 3D-reconstruction accuracy.41
8 Measurement of point-spread and line-spread functions (high-contrast spot size) .49
8.1 General .49
8.2 Test methods .51
8.3 Instruments .51
8.4 Test settings.51
8.5 Test parameters .57

Annex A (normative) Test objects – Calibration of 2D-spatial measurement systems.67
Annex B (normative) Test objects – Measurement and calibration of 3D-image
reconstruction accuracy .73
Annex C (normative) Test objects – Measurement of point-spread function response.79

Bibliography .89

– 4 – 61391-1  CEI:2006
I
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
___________
ULTRASONS – SCANNERS À IMPULSION ET ÉCHO –

Partie 1: Techniques pour l'étalonnage des systèmes
de mesure spatiaux et des mesures de la réponse
de la fonction de dispersion ponctuelle du système

AVANT-PROPOS
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comme tell
...

IEC 61391-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2017-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Pulse-echo scanners –
Part 1: Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems and
measurement of system point-spread function response

Ultrasons – Scanners à impulsion et écho –
Partie 1: Techniques pour l'étalonnage des systèmes de mesure spatiaux et
des mesures de la réponse de la fonction de dispersion ponctuelle du système
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IEC 61391-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2017-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Pulse-echo scanners –

Part 1: Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems and

measurement of system point-spread function response

Ultrasons – Scanners à impulsion et écho –

Partie 1: Techniques pour l'étalonnage des systèmes de mesure spatiaux et

des mesures de la réponse de la fonction de dispersion ponctuelle du système

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-4589-7

IEC 61391-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2017-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Pulse-echo scanners –
Part 1: Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems and
measurement of system point-spread function response

Ultrasons – Scanners à impulsion et écho –
Partie 1: Techniques pour l'étalonnage des systèmes de mesure spatiaux et
des mesures de la réponse de la fonction de dispersion ponctuelle du système

– 2 – IEC 61391-1:2006+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 15
5 General conditions . 16
6 Techniques for calibrating 2D-measurement systems . 17
6.1 Test methods . 17
6.2 Instruments . 17
6.3 Test settings . 18
6.4 Test parameters . 19
7 Methods for calibrating 3D-measurement systems . 21
7.1 General . 21
7.2 Types of 3D-reconstruction methods . 21
7.3 Test parameters associated with reconstruction problems . 22
7.4 Test methods for measurement of 3D-reconstruction accuracy . 23
8 Measurement of point-spread and line-spread functions (high-contrast spot size) . 27
8.1 General . 27
8.2 Test methods . 28
8.3 Instruments . 28
8.4 Test settings . 29
8.5 Test parameters . 31
Annex A (normative) Test objects – Calibration of 2D-spatial measurement systems . 36
Annex B (normative) Test objects – Measurement and calibration of 3D-image
reconstruction accuracy . 39
Annex C (normative) Test objects – Measurement of point-spread function response . 43
Annex D (informative) Quality parameters derived by PSF-mapping analysis . 48
Bibliography . 64

Figure A.1 – Concentric circular arrays of nylon filaments . 37
Figure A.2 – Regular 2D-array of nylon filaments . 38
Figure B.1 – Tissue mimicking ovoid target phantom . 40
Figure B.2 – Composite of two cross-sectional views of test object shown in Figure B.1 . 40
Figure B.3 – Projection view from top of test object shown in Figure B.1 . 41
Figure B.4 – Projection view from end window of test object shown in Figure B.1 . 42
Figure C.1 – Filament test object for measuring the LSF . 44
Figure C.2 – Axial resolution test object . 45
Figure C.3 – Movable single filament in water . 46
Figure C.5 – Slice thickness measurement and calculation . 47
Figure D.1 – Principal schematic of the PSF-analyser function . 51
Figure D.2 – Principle of elimination of internal multi-reflections in the spherical target
using filtration in time domain . 54

 IEC 2017
Figure D.3 – A pixel maximum level and PSF-trace estimation in ROI stored digital data . 56
Figure D.4 – The derivation of FWHM-value from the lateral-amplitude profile of PSF
received-echo signal (a (x ,z ) = 221) with reflector positioned on axis of the
r,max i k
ultrasound beam in point (x ,z ) of the measuring grid . 57
i k
Figure D.5 – The FWHM-derivation from the elevational (transversal) profile of MER in
one point of the measuring grid . 58
Figure D.6 – The derivation of the reflected-signal axial-profile from the ROI . 59
Figure D.7 – The enumeration of the W parameter from the axial-profile line:
H,HM
a (x,z) = 243 . 59
r,max
Figure D.8 – The distribution of FWHM over a scan area of width 20 mm to depth 80
mm, made with a monofocal scan using a linear 5 MHz transducer . 60
Figure D.9 – The distribution of FWHM over a scan area of width 20 mm to depth 80
mm, made with the same system as for Figure D.7 but using three focal points (F1, F2
and F3) for the scan . 60
Figure D.10 – Plot of the distribution of MER-intensity over the scanning area 30 mm
wide and 40 mm deep . 61
Figure D.11 – The elevational profile recorded from a (x ,y,z ) values for a spherical
r,max i k
target passing perpendicularly to the scanning plane in one point (x ,z ) of the
i k
measuring grid . 62

Table 1 – Expected values for the two ellipsoidal objects in Figure B.3 . 27
Table
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