IEC/IEEE 62582-4:2011
(Main)Nuclear power plants - Instrumentation and control important to safety - Electrical equipment condition monitoring methods - Part 4: Oxidation induction techniques
Nuclear power plants - Instrumentation and control important to safety - Electrical equipment condition monitoring methods - Part 4: Oxidation induction techniques
IEC/IEEE 62582-4:2011 specifies methods for condition monitoring of organic and polymeric materials in instrumentation and control systems using oxidation induction techniques in the detail necessary to produce accurate and reproducible measurements. It includes the requirements for sample preparation, the measurement system and conditions, and the reporting of the measurement results.
Centrales nucléaires de puissance - Instrumentation et contrôle-commande importants pour la sûreté - Méthodes de surveillance de l'état des matériels électriques - Partie 4: Techniques d'induction à l'oxydation
La CEI/IEEE 62582-4:2011 établit des spécifications pour les méthodes de surveillance de l'état des matériaux organiques et des polymères présents dans les systèmes d'instrumentation et de contrôle commande, en utilisant des techniques d'induction à l'oxydation, avec un niveau de détail qui est nécessaire pour assurer le caractère reproductible et la précision des mesures. Ceci comprend des exigences applicables à la préparation des échantillons, aux systèmes et aux conditions de mesure, ainsi qu'à la documentation des résultats de mesure.
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC/IEEE 62582-4
Edition 1.0 2011-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Nuclear power plants – Instrumentation and control important to safety –
Electrical equipment condition monitoring methods –
Part 4: Oxidation induction techniques
Centrales nucléaires de puissance – Instrumentation et contrôle-commande
importants pour la sûreté – Méthodes de surveillance de l’état des matériels
électriques –
Partie 4: Techniques d'induction à l'oxydation
IEC/IEEE 62582-4:2011
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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IEC/IEEE 62582-4
Edition 1.0 2011-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Nuclear power plants – Instrumentation and control important to safety –
Electrical equipment condition monitoring methods –
Part 4: Oxidation induction techniques
Centrales nucléaires de puissance – Instrumentation et contrôle-commande
importants pour la sûreté – Méthodes de surveillance de l’état des matériels
électriques –
Partie 4: Techniques d'induction à l'oxydation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
PRICE CODE
U
CODE PRIX
ICS 27.120.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-666-8
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– 2 – 62582-4 IEC/IEEE:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope and object . 8
2 Terms and definitions . 8
3 Abbreviations and acronyms . 8
4 General description . 9
5 Applicability and reproducibility . 9
6 Measurement procedure . 9
6.1 Stabilisation of the polymeric materials. 9
6.2 Sampling . 10
6.2.1 General . 10
6.2.2 Sample requirements . 10
6.2.3 Precautions . 10
6.3 Sample preparation . 10
6.4 Instrumentation . 11
6.5 Calibration . 11
6.6 OIT measurement method . 11
6.6.1 Measurement procedure . 11
6.6.2 Temperature profile . 12
6.6.3 Gas flow . 13
6.6.4 Determining the value of oxidation onset . 13
6.6.5 Reporting . 14
6.7 OITP measurement method . 15
6.7.1 Measurement procedure . 15
6.7.2 Temperature profile . 16
6.7.3 Gas flow . 16
6.7.4 Determining the value of oxidation onset . 16
6.7.5 Reporting . 16
Annex A (informative) Interpretation of thermograms . 18
Annex B (informative) Example of a measurement report from OITP measurements . 23
Annex C (informative) Influence of set temperature on the OIT value . 25
Bibliography . 26
Figure 1 – OIT measurement – Schematic of temperature and gas profile and
corresponding heat flow . 12
Figure 2 – Schematic showing the types of baselines (flat, sloping, endothermic dip,
melting endotherm) observed for OIT and OITP measurements . 13
Figure 3 – Schematic showing definition of onset value for OIT and OITP
measurements . 14
Figure 4 – Schematic of the temperature for OITP measurements and the
corresponding heat flow . 15
Figure A.1 – Example of an OIT plot with clear baseline and onset . 18
Figure A.2 – Example of OIT plot with multiple onsets . 19
Figure A.3 – Example of OIT plot where the baseline is difficult to define . 20
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62582-4 IEC/IEEE:2011 – 3 –
–1
Figure A.4 – Example of OIT plot where heat flow is too low to use standard 0,1 W∙g
threshold . 20
Figure A.5 – Example of an OITP plot with a well-defined baseline and onset . 21
Figure A.6 – Example of an OITP plot for a semi-crystalline material showing a melting
endotherm prior to the oxidation onset . 22
Figure A.7 – Example of an OITP plot showing an endothermic dip immediately prior to
the oxidation onset . 22
Figure C.1 – Example of the influence of set temperature on the OIT value . 25
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS –
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL IMPORTANT TO SAFETY –
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CONDITION MONITORING METHODS –
Part 4: Oxidation induction techniques
FOREWORD
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9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that implementation of this IEC/IEEE Publication may require use of
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62582-4 IEC/IEEE:2011 – 5 –
connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or
non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent
rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
International Standard IEC/IEEE 62582-4 has been prepared by subcommittee 45A:
Instrumentation and control of nuclear facilities, of IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear
instrumentation, in cooperation with the Nuclear Power Engineering Committee of the Power &
1
Energy Society of the IEEE , under the IEC/IEEE Dual Logo Agreement between IEC and
IEEE.
This publication is published as an IEC/IEEE Dual Logo standard.
The text of this standard is based on the following IEC documents:
FDIS Report on voting
45A/842/FDIS 45A/851/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
International standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of IEC/IEEE 62582 series, under the general title Nuclear power plants –
Instrumentation and control important to safety – Electrical equipment condition monitoring
methods, can be found on the IEC website.
The IEC Technical Committee and IEEE Technical Committee have decided that the contents
of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site
under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
—————————
1
A list of IEEE participants can be found at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/downloads/62582-
4/62582-4-2011/62582-4-2011_wg-participants.pdf.
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– 6 – 62582-4 IEC/IEEE:2011
INTRODUCTION
a) Technical background, main issues and organisation of this standard
This part of this IEC/IEEE standard specifically focuses on oxidation induction methods for
condition monitoring for the management of ageing of electrical equipment installed in nuclear
power plants. The methods are primarily suited to samples taken from materials that are
polyolefin-based, but they can also be used for some materials based on ethylene-propylene
polymers and for some ethylene vinyl acetate materials.
This part of IEC/IEEE 62582 is the fourth part of the IEC/IEEE 62582 series. It contains
detailed descriptions of condition monitoring based on oxidation induction measurements.
IEC/IEEE 62582 series is issued with a joint logo which makes it applicable to the
management of ageing of electrical equipment qualified to IEEE as well as IEC Standards.
Historically, IEEE Std 323-2003 introduced the concept and role that condition based
qualification could be used in equipment qualification as an adjunct to qualified life. In
equipment qualification, the condition of the equipment for which acceptable performance was
demonstrated is the qualified condition. The qualified condition is the condition of equipment,
prior to the start of a design basis event, for which the equipment was demonstrated to meet
the design requirements for the specified service conditions.
Significant research has been performed on condition monitoring techniques and the use of
these techniques in equipment qualification as noted in NUREG/CR-6704, Vol. 2 (BNL -
NUREG-52610).
It is intended that this IEC/IEEE standard be used by test laboratories, operators of nuclear
power plants, systems evaluators, and licensors.
b) Situation of the current standard in the structure of the IEC SC 45A standard series
Part 4 of IEC/IEEE 62582 is the third level IEC SC 45A document tackling the specific issue
of application and performance of oxidation induction measurements in the management of
ageing of electrical instrument and control equipment in nuclear power plants.
Part 4 of IEC/IEEE 62582 is to be read in association with part 1 of IEC/IEEE 62582, which
provides background and guidelines for the application of methods for condition monitoring of
electrical equipment important to safety of nuclear power plants.
For more details on the structure of the IEC SC 45A standard series, see item d) of this
introduction.
c) Recommendations and limitations regarding the application of this standard
It is important to note that this Standard establishes no additional functional requirements for
safety systems.
d) Description of the structure of the IEC SC 45A standard series and relationships
with other IEC documents and other bodies documents (IAEA, ISO)
The top-level document of the IEC SC 45A standard series is IEC 61513. It provides general
requirements for I&C systems and equipment that are used to perform functions important to
safety in NPPs. IEC 61513 structures the IEC SC 45A standard series.
IEC 61513 refers directly to other IEC SC 45A standards for general topics related to
categorisation of functions and classification of systems, qualification, separation of systems,
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62582-4 IEC/IEEE:2011 – 7 –
defence against common cause failure, software aspects of computer-based systems,
hardware aspects of computer-based systems, and control room design. The standards
referenced directly at this second level should be considered together with IEC 61513 as a
consistent document set.
At a third level, IEC SC 45A standards not directly referenced by IEC 61513 are standards
related to specific equipment, technical methods, or specific activities. Usually these
documents, which make reference to second-level documents for general topics, can be used
on their own.
A fourth level extending the IEC SC 45A standard series, corresponds to the Technical
Reports which are not normative.
IEC 61513 has adopted a presentation format similar to the basic safety publication
IEC 61508 with an overall safety life-cycle framework and a system life-cycle framework and
provides an interpretation of the general requirements of IEC 61508-1, IEC 61508-2 and
IEC 61508-4, for the nuclear application sector. Compliance with IEC 61513 will facilitate
consistency with the requirements of IEC 61508 as they have been interpreted for the nuclear
industry. In this framework IEC 60880 and IEC 62138 correspond to IEC 61508-3 for the
nuclear application sector.
IEC 61513 refers to ISO as well as to IAEA 50-C-QA (now replaced by IAEA GS-R-3) for
topics related to quality assurance (QA).
The IEC SC 45A standards series consistently implements and details the principles and
basic safety aspects provided in the IAEA code on the safety of NPPs and in the IAEA safety
series, in particular the Requirements NS-R-1, establishing safety requirements related to the
design of Nuclear Power Plants, and the Safety Guide NS-G-1.3 dealing with instrumentation
and control systems important to safety in Nuclear Power Plants. The terminology and
definitions used by SC 45A standards are consistent with those used by the IAEA.
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NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS –
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL IMPORTANT TO SAFETY –
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CONDITION MONITORING METHODS –
Part 4: Oxidation induction techniques
1 Scope and object
This part of IEC/IEEE 62582 specifies methods for condition monitoring of organic and
polymeric materials in instrumentation and control systems using oxidation induction
techniques in the detail necessary to produce accurate and reproducible measurements. It
includes the requirements for sample preparation, the measurement system and conditions,
and the reporting of the measurement results.
The different parts of IEC/IEEE 62582 are measurement standards, primarily for use in the
management of ageing in initial qualification and after installation. Part 1 of IEC/IEEE 62582
includes requirements for the application of the other parts of IEC/IEEE 62582 and some
elements which are common to all methods. Information on the role of condition monitoring in
the qualification of equipment important to safety is found in IEEE Std 323.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
Oxidation Induction Time (OIT)
relative measure of a stabilised material’s resistance to oxidative decomposition, determined
by the calorimetric measurement of the time interval to the onset of exothermic oxidation of
the material at a specified temperature in an oxygen atmosphere, under atmospheric pressure
NOTE OIT is expressed in minutes (min).
2.2
Oxidation Induction Temperature (OITP)
calorimetric measurement of the temperature of the onset of exothermic oxidation of the
material when subjected to a specified heating rate in an oxygen atmosphere, under
atmospheric pressure
NOTE OITP is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).
3 Abbreviations and acronyms
CSPE chlorosulphonated polyethylene
DSC differential scanning calorimeter
EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer
EPR ethylene propylene rubber
EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
OIT oxidation induction time
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62582-4 IEC/IEEE:2011 – 9 –
OITP oxidation induction temperature
PE polyethylene
PEEK poly ether ether ketone
PVC poly vinyl chloride
XLPE cross-linked polyethylene
4 General description
Oxidation induction methods are based on the detection of the oxidation exotherm that occurs
when a sample is heated in the presence of oxygen. This exotherm is sensitive to the level of
degradation in some organic and polymeric materials and can be used as an indicator of
ageing. There are two oxidation induction methods available, based on the time required to
reach the onset of oxidation at a constant temperature (oxidation induction time – OIT) or
based on the temperature at the onset of oxidation during a constant temperature ramp rate
(oxidation induction temperature – OITP). The two methods are complementary, in that OITP
is often effective in those materials where OIT is difficult to determine. OIT and OITP
decrease with increasing degradation. The methods are related to the amount of antioxidants
present in the material. As degradation proceeds, these antioxidants are depleted.
5 Applicability and reproducibility
The oxidation induction method is primarily suited to samples taken from materials (such as
cable jackets or insulation) that are polyolefin-based (e.g. polyethylene PE, cross-linked
polyethylene XLPE). It can also be used for some materials based on ethylene-propylene
polymers (e.g. ethylene propylene rubber EPR, ethylene propylene diene EPDM) and for
some ethylene vinyl acetate EVA materials. It is not applicable to high temperature polymers,
such as poly ether ether ketone (PEEK).
The method is generally not suitable for chlorinated polymers (e.g. polyvinyl chloride PVC,
chlorosulphonated polyethylene CSPE) because of the corrosive degradation products
evolved during the measurements, which can damage the instrument. For these materials,
smaller sample masses (1 mg to 2 mg) may enable the method to be used with care.
The method is not suitable for field use in the nuclear power plant but uses samples taken
from the plant, which are then measured in the laboratory. Each OIT measurement in the
laboratory can take up to 90 min to complete for unaged samples, decreasing for heavily aged
samples, whereas OITP measurements typically take 30 min to 40 min.
Measurements of OIT typically have a standard deviation of 5 % to 10 % of the mean value
whereas measurements of OITP typically have a standard deviation of 1 % to 3 % of the mean
value, both within the same laboratory and between different laboratories. Some of this
variation arises from inhomogeneity of the sample materials, which becomes significant when
making condition measurements on samples whose mass is very low. OITP measurements
are usually more reproducible than OIT measurements but require baseline data for
interpretation of the changes.
6 Measurement procedure
6.1 Stabilisation of the polymeric materials
An appropriate time period shall be allowed for the polymeric materials in recently
manufactured equipments to stabilise before any condition monitoring or accelerated ageing
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programmes are carried out. The time period over which the polymeric materials stabilise is
normally dependent on the processing additives and polymer composition. If manufacturers’
stabilisation time data are not available, a period of 6 months shall be allowed.
6.2 Sampling
6.2.1 General
Measurements of OIT or OITP provide information on the status of the equipment only at the
specific location which has been sampled. The selection of the sample locations for condition
monitoring shall be made based on the environmental conditions in representative areas
during plant operation. It is important that these locations represent as wide a range of ageing
conditions as possible with special consideration given to locations where ageing conditions
could be severe, e.g. hotspots. The location of the sampling and available information about
the environmental time history at the sample location selected shall be documented.
6.2.2 Sample requirements
To enable up to 5 measurements to be made on one specific sample, a minimum of 50 mg of
material is needed. The material to be sampled shall be cleaned of surface debris. No
solvents shall be used to clean the surface. Samples typically may take the form of slivers or
scrapings of material taken from the surface of a cable jacket or a thin slice through insulation
at a termination. The location of the sampling position shall be noted, including its radial
distribution (i.e. whether it is a surface sample or a through thickness slice)
...
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