IEC 62127-1:2022
(Main)Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields
Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields
IEC 62127-1:2022 specifies methods of use of calibrated hydrophones for the measurement in liquids of acoustic fields generated by ultrasonic medical equipment including bandwidth criteria and calibration frequency range requirements in dependence on the spectral content of the fields to be characterized.
This document:
- defines a group of acoustic parameters that can be measured on a physically sound basis;
- defines a second group of parameters that can be derived under certain assumptions from these measurements, and called derived intensity parameters;
- defines a measurement procedure that can be used for the determination of acoustic pressure parameters;
- defines the conditions under which the measurements of acoustic parameters can be made using calibrated hydrophones;
- defines procedures for correcting for limitations caused by the use of hydrophones with finite bandwidth and finite active element size, and for estimating the corresponding uncertainties.
IEC 62127-1:2022 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2007 and Amendment 1:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition.
a) The upper frequency limit of 40 MHz has been removed.
b) Hydrophone sensitivity definitions have been changed to recognize sensitivities as complex-valued quantities.
c) Procedures and requirements for narrow-band approximation and broadband measurements have been modified; details on waveform deconvolution have been added.
d) Procedures for spatial averaging correction have been amended.
e) Annex D, Annex E and bibliography have been updated to support the changes of the normative parts.
Ultrasons - Hydrophones - Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
L’IEC 62127-1:2022 spécifie les méthodes d'utilisation des hydrophones étalonnés qui permettent de mesurer, dans des liquides, les champs acoustiques générés par des appareils médicaux à ultrasons, y compris les critères de largeur de bande et les exigences de plage de fréquences d’étalonnage en fonction du contenu spectral des champs à caractériser.
Le présent document:
- définit un groupe de paramètres acoustiques qui peuvent être mesurés sur une base physiquement sonore;
- définit un second groupe de paramètres qui peuvent être déduits, dans le cadre de certaines hypothèses, de ces mesurages et appelés paramètres d'intensité dérivés;
- définit un mode opératoire de mesure qui peut être utilisé pour déterminer les paramètres de pression acoustique;
- définit les conditions dans lesquelles les mesurages des paramètres acoustiques peuvent être réalisés à l'aide d'hydrophones étalonnés;
- définit les modes opératoires de correction, dans le cas de limitations provoquées par l'utilisation d'hydrophones à largeur de bande finie et de taille d'élément actif finie, ainsi que les modes opératoires d’estimation des incertitudes correspondantes.
L’IEC 62127-1:2022 annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2007 ainsi que l’Amendement 1:2013. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente.
a) La limite supérieure de fréquence de 40 MHz a été supprimée.
b) Les définitions de la sensibilité des hydrophones ont été modifiées pour considérer les sensibilités comme des grandeurs à valeurs complexes.
c) Les modes opératoires et les exigences concernant l’approximation à bande étroite et les mesurages à large bande ont été modifiés; des informations détaillées sur la déconvolution des formes d’onde ont été ajoutés.
d) Les modes opératoires de correction de la moyenne spatiale ont été modifiés.
e) L’Annexe D, l’Annexe E et la Bibliographie ont été mises à jour pour tenir compte des modifications apportées aux parties normatives.
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IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-03
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to
40 MHz
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-03
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to
40 MHz
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-5195-9
– 2 – IEC 62127-1:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 2
1 Scope and object . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Symbols . 16
5 Measurement requirements . 38
5.1 Requirements for hydrophones and amplifiers. 38
5.1.1 Introduction Preface . 38
5.1.2 General . 38
5.1.3 Sensitivity of a hydrophone . 39
5.1.4 Directional response of a hydrophone . 39
5.1.5 Effective hydrophone radius size . 39
5.1.6 Choice of the size of a hydrophone active element . 40
5.1.7 Bandwidth. 41
5.1.8 Linearity . 42
5.1.9 Hydrophone signal amplifier . 44
5.1.10 Hydrophone cable length and amplifiers . 45
5.2 Requirements for positioning and water baths . 45
5.2.1 General . 45
5.2.2 Positioning systems . 45
5.2.3 Water bath . 46
5.3 Requirements for data acquisition and analysis systems . 47
5.4 Recommendations for ultrasonic equipment being characterized. 48
6 Measurement procedure . 48
6.1 General . 48
6.2 Preparation and alignment . 48
6.2.1 Preparation . 48
6.2.2 Aligning an ultrasonic transducer and a hydrophone . 48
6.3 Measurement . 49
6.4 Analysis . 49
6.4.1 Corrections for restricted bandwidth and spatial resolution . 49
6.4.2 Uncertainties . 49
7 Beam characterization . 49
7.1 General . 49
7.2 Primary pressure parameters . 51
7.2.1 General . 51
7.2.2 Peak-compressional acoustic pressure and peak-rarefactional acoustic
pressure . 52
7.2.3 Spatial-peak RMS acoustic pressure . 52
7.2.4 Local distortion parameter . 53
7.3 Intensity parameters using instantaneous derived from acoustic pressure . 53
7.3.1 General . 53
7.3.2 Intensity parameters using pulse-pressure-squared integral . 54
8 Requirements for specific ultrasonic fields . 57
8.1 General . 57
8.2 Diagnostic fields . 57
8.2.1 Simplified procedures and guidelines . 57
8.2.2 Pulsed wave diagnostic equipment . 58
8.2.3 Continuous wave diagnostic equipment . 59
8.2.4 Diagnostic equipment with low acoustic output . 59
8.3 Therapy fields . 59
8.3.1 Physiotherapy equipment. 59
8.3.2 Hyperthermia .
8.3.2 High intensity therapeutic ultrasonic fields . 60
8.3.3 Non-focused and weakly focused pressure pulses . 61
8.4 Surgical fields . 61
8.4.1 Lithotripters and pressure pulse sources for other therapeutic purposes . 61
8.4.2 Low frequency surgical applications . 61
8.5 Fields from other medical applications . 61
9 Compliance Conformity statement . 61
9.1 General . 61
9.2 Maximum probable values . 62
9.3 Sampling. 62
Annex A (informative) General rationale. 63
Annex B (informative) Hydrophones and positioning . 65
B.1 General . 65
B.2 Electrical loading considerations . 65
B.3 Hydrophone signal amplifier . 65
B.4 Hydrophone cable length and amplifiers . 65
B.5 Transducer positioning . 66
B.6 Alignment of hydrophones . 67
B.7 Water bath lining material . 67
B.8 Recommendations for ultrasonic equipment being characterized. 68
B.9 Types of hydrophones . 68
B.9.1 Ceramic needle hydrophones . 68
B.9.2 PVDF needle hydrophones . 68
B.9.3 PVDF membrane hydrophones . 69
B.9.4 Fibre-optic and optic hydrophones . 69
B.9.5 Relative performance of different types . 70
B.10 Typical specification data for hydrophones . 70
Annex C (informative) Acoustic pressure and intensity . 72
Annex D (informative) Voltage to pressure conversion . 74
D.1 General . 74
D.2 Hydrophone deconvolution procedure . 75
D.3 Converting the data between double-sided and single-sided spectra . 77
D.4 Use of hydrophone calibration data . 79
D.4.1 Calibration data interpolation . 79
D.4.2 Calibration data extrapolation . 79
D.4.3 Regularization filtering . 80
D.5 Implication of the hydrophone deconvolution process on measurement
duration . 79
D.6 Validation of deconvolution implementation . 82
– 4 – IEC 62127-1:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
Annex E (informative) Correction for spatial averaging . 83
E.1 Linear and quasilinear fields . 83
E.2 Linear fields, quasilinear fields, and broadband nonlinearly distorted
waveforms . 85
Annex F (informative) Acoustic output parameters for multi-mode medical ultrasonic
fields in the absence of scan-frame synchronization . 88
F.1 General .
...
IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields
Ultrasons – Hydrophones –
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et
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IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
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containing more than 22 300 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and once
and French, with equivalent terms in 19 additional languages.
a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
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IEC 62127-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Ultrasonics – Hydrophones –
Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields
Ultrasons – Hydrophones –
Partie 1: Mesurage et caractérisation des champs ultrasoniques médicaux
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-1080-1
– 2 – IEC 62127-1:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Symbols . 32
5 Measurement requirements . 34
5.1 Requirements for hydrophones and amplifiers. 34
5.1.1 Preface . 34
5.1.2 General . 34
5.1.3 Sensitivity of a hydrophone . 35
5.1.4 Directional response of a hydrophone . 35
5.1.5 Effective hydrophone size . 35
5.1.6 Choice of the size of a hydrophone active element . 35
5.1.7 Bandwidth. 37
5.1.8 Linearity . 40
5.1.9 Hydrophone signal amplifier . 40
5.1.10 Hydrophone cable length and amplifiers . 40
5.2 Requirements for positioning and water baths . 41
5.2.1 General . 41
5.2.2 Positioning systems . 41
5.2.3 Water bath . 42
5.3 Requirements for data acquisition and analysis systems . 43
5.4 Recommendations for ultrasonic equipment being characterized. 43
6 Measurement procedure . 43
6.1 General . 43
6.2 Preparation and alignment . 44
6.2.1 Preparation . 44
6.2.2 Aligning an ultrasonic transducer and a hydrophone . 44
6.3 Measurement . 44
6.4 Analysis . 44
6.4.1 Corrections for restricted bandwidth and spatial resolution . 44
6.4.2 Uncertainties . 44
7 Beam characterization . 45
7.1 General . 45
7.2 Primary pressure parameters . 46
7.2.1 General . 46
7.2.2 Peak-compressional acoustic pressure and peak-rarefactional acoustic
pressure . 47
7.2.3 Spatial-peak RMS acoustic pressure . 47
7.2.4 Local distortion parameter . 48
7.3 Intensity parameters derived from acoustic pressure . 48
7.3.1 General . 48
7.3.2 Intensity parameters using pulse-pressure-squared integral . 49
8 Requirements for specific ultrasonic fields . 52
8.1 General . 52
8.2 Diagnostic fields . 52
8.2.1 Simplified procedures and guidelines . 52
8.2.2 Pulsed wave diagnostic equipment . 52
8.2.3 Continuous wave diagnostic equipment . 53
8.2.4 Diagnostic equipment with low acoustic output . 54
8.3 Therapy fields . 54
8.3.1 Physiotherapy equipment. 54
8.3.2 High intensity therapeutic ultrasonic fields . 55
8.3.3 Non-focused and weakly focused pressure pulses . 55
8.4 Surgical fields . 55
8.4.1 Lithotripters and pressure pulse sources for other therapeutic purposes . 55
8.4.2 Low frequency surgical applications . 56
8.5 Fields from other medical applications . 56
9 Conformity statement. 56
9.1 General . 56
9.2 Maximum probable values . 56
9.3 Sampling. 57
Annex A (informative) General rationale. 58
Annex B (informative) Hydrophones and positioning . 60
B.1 General . 60
B.2 Electrical loading considerations . 60
B.3 Hydrophone signal amplifier . 60
B.4 Hydrophone cable length and amplifiers . 60
B.5 Transducer positioning . 61
B.6 Alignment of hydrophones . 62
B.7 Water bath lining material . 62
B.8 Recommendations for ultrasonic equipment being characterized. 62
B.9 Types of hydrophones . 63
B.9.1 Ceramic needle hydrophones . 63
B.9.2 PVD
...
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