IEC TS 60034-25:2022
(Main)Rotating electrical machines - Part 25: AC electrical machines used in power drive systems - Application guide
Rotating electrical machines - Part 25: AC electrical machines used in power drive systems - Application guide
IEC TS 60034-25:2022 describes the performance characteristics of AC electrical machines for use on converter supplies. For electrical machines specifically designed for converter duty application design features are defined. It also specifies the interface parameters and interactions between the electrical machine and the converter including installation guidance as part of a power drive system, but except for the voltage at the power interface which is described in IEC TS 61800-8. This fourth edition of IEC TS 60034-25 cancels and replaces the third edition, This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. The definitions of a converter capable motor and a converter duty motor are added.
b. Clause 18 modified to include the performance expectations of a converter capable motor.
c. Clause 8 modified to update shaft currents section.
d. Annex D added to define the derating requirements.
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IEC TS 60034-25 ®
Edition 4.0 2022-06
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 25: AC electrical machines used in power drive systems – Application guide
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
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IEC TS 60034-25 ®
Edition 4.0 2022-06
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 25: AC electrical machines used in power drive systems – Application guide
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-2003-0
– 2 – IEC TS 60034-25:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
INTRODUCTION . 11
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms and definitions . 13
4 System characteristics . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 System information . 16
4.3 Torque/speed considerations . 16
4.3.1 General . 16
4.3.2 Torque/speed capability . 17
4.3.3 Electrical machine rating. 18
4.3.4 Limiting factors on torque/speed capability . 18
4.3.5 Safe operating speed, over-speed capability and over-speed test . 19
4.3.6 Cooling arrangement . 19
4.3.7 Voltage/frequency characteristics . 20
4.3.8 Resonant speed bands . 20
4.3.9 Duty cycles . 21
4.4 Electrical machine requirements . 21
5 Losses and their effects (for induction electrical machines fed from voltage source
converters) . 24
5.1 General . 24
5.2 Location of the additional losses due to converter supply and ways to reduce
them . 25
5.3 Converter features to reduce the electrical machine losses . 26
5.3.1 Reduction of fundamental losses . 26
5.3.2 Reduction of additional losses due to converter supply . 26
5.4 Use of filters to reduce additional electrical machine losses due to converter
supply . 27
5.5 Temperature influence on life expectancy . 27
5.6 Determination of electrical machine efficiency . 28
6 Acoustic noise, vibration and torsional oscillation . 28
6.1 Acoustic noise . 28
6.1.1 General . 28
6.1.2 Changes in noise emission due to changes in speed . 28
6.1.3 Magnetically excited noise . 29
6.1.4 Sound power level determination and limits . 31
6.2 Vibration (excluding torsional oscillation) . 31
6.2.1 General . 31
6.2.2 Vibration level determination and limits . 32
6.3 Torsional oscillation . 32
7 Electrical machine insulation electrical stresses . 33
7.1 General . 33
7.2 Causes . 33
7.3 Winding electrical stress . 35
7.4 Limits and responsibility . 36
7.4.1 Electrical machines design for low voltage (≤ 1 000 V) . 36
7.4.2 Electrical machines designed for medium and high voltage (> 1 000 V) . 37
7.5 Methods of reduction of voltage stress . 37
7.6 Insulation stress limitation . 38
8 Bearing currents . 39
8.1 Sources of bearing currents in converter-fed electrical motors . 39
8.1.1 General . 39
8.1.2 Circulating currents due to magnetic asymmetry . 39
8.1.3 Electrostatic build-up . 39
8.1.4 High-frequency effects in converter operation . 39
8.2 Generation of high-frequency bearing currents . 41
8.2.1 Common mode voltage . 41
8.2.2 Motor HF equivalent circuit and the resulting bearing current types . 42
8.2.3 Circulating current . 44
8.2.4 Rotor ground current . 44
8.2.5 Electrostatic Discharge Machining (EDM) currents . 45
8.3 Consequences of excessive bearing currents. 46
8.4 Preventing high-frequency bearing current damage . 50
8.4.1 Basic approaches . 50
8.4.2 Other preventive measures . 51
8.4.3 Other factors and features influencing the bearing currents . 54
8.5 Additional considerations for electrical motors fed by high voltage source
converters . 54
8.5.1 General . 54
8.5.2 Bearing protection of cage induction, brushless synchronous and
permanent magnet electrical motors . 54
8.5.3 Bearing protection for slip-ring electrical motors and for synchronous
electrical motors with brush excitation . 54
8.6 Bearing current protection for electrical motors fed by high-voltage current
source converters . 55
9 Installation . 55
9.1 Earthing, bonding and cabling . 55
9.1.1 General . 55
9.1.2 Earthing . 55
9.1.3 Bonding of electrical machines . 55
9.1.4 Electrical machine power cables for high switching frequency
converters . 56
9.2 Reactors and filters . 61
9.2.1 General . 61
9.2.2 Output reactors . 61
9.2.3 Voltage limiting filter (du/dt filter) . 61
9.2.4 Sinusoidal filter . 61
9.2.5 Electrical machine termination unit . 61
9.3 Power factor correction . 62
9.4 Integral electrical machines (integrated electrical machine and drive
modules) . 63
10 Additional considerations for permanent magnet (PM) synchronous electrical
machines fed by voltage source converters . 63
10.1 System characteristics . 63
10.2 Losses and their effects . 63
– 4 – IEC TS 60034-25:2022 © IEC 2022
10.3 Noise, vibration and torsional oscillation . 64
10.4 Electrical machine insulation electrical stresses . 64
10.5 Bearing currents . 64
10.6 Particular aspects of permanent magnets . 64
11 Additional considerations for cage induction electrical m
...
IEC TS 60034-25 ®
Edition 4.0 2022-06
COMMENTED VERSION
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 25: AC electrical machines used in power drive systems – Application guide
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a
Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced have access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 300 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 19 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC TS 60034-25 ®
Edition 4.0 2022-06
COMMENTED VERSION
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 25: AC electrical machines used in power drive systems – Application guide
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-3957-5
– 2 – IEC TS 60034-25:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .9
INTRODUCTION . 11
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms and definitions . 13
4 System characteristics . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 System information . 16
4.3 Torque/speed considerations . 17
4.3.1 General . 17
4.3.2 Torque/speed capability . 17
4.3.3 Electrical machine rating . 20
4.3.4 Limiting factors on torque/speed capability . 20
4.3.5 Safe operating speed, over-speed capability and over-speed test . 20
4.3.6 Cooling arrangement . 20
4.3.7 Voltage/frequency characteristics . 21
4.3.8 Resonant speed bands . 22
4.3.9 Duty cycles . 22
4.4 Electrical machine requirements . 23
5 Losses and their effects (for induction electrical machines fed from voltage source
converters) . 26
5.1 General . 26
5.2 Location of the additional losses due to converter supply and ways to reduce
them . 27
5.3 Converter features to reduce the electrical machine losses . 28
5.3.1 Reduction of fundamental losses . 28
5.3.2 Reduction of additional losses due to converter supply . 28
5.4 Use of filters to reduce additional electrical machine losses due to converter
supply . 29
5.5 Temperature influence on life expectancy . 29
5.6 Determination of electrical machine efficiency . 30
6 Acoustic noise, vibration and torsional oscillation . 30
6.1 Acoustic noise . 30
6.1.1 General . 30
6.1.2 Changes in noise emission due to changes in speed . 30
6.1.3 Magnetically excited noise . 31
6.1.4 Sound power level determination and limits . 33
6.2 Vibration (excluding torsional oscillation) . 33
6.2.1 General . 33
6.2.2 Vibration level determination and limits . 34
6.3 Torsional oscillation . 34
7 Electrical machine insulation electrical stresses . 35
7.1 General . 35
7.2 Causes. 35
7.3 Winding electrical stress . 37
7.4 Limits and responsibility . 38
7.4.1 Electrical machines design for low voltage (≤ 1 000 V) . 38
7.4.2 Electrical machines designed for medium and high voltage (> 1 000 V) . 39
7.5 Methods of reduction of voltage stress . 40
7.6 Insulation stress limitation . 40
8 Bearing currents . 41
8.1 Sources of bearing currents in converter-fed electrical machines motors . 41
8.1.1 General . 41
8.1.2 Circulating currents due to magnetic asymmetry . 41
8.1.3 Electrostatic build-up . 41
8.1.4 High-frequency voltages effects in converter operation . 41
8.2 Generation of high-frequency bearing currents . 42
8.2.1 General .
8.2.2 Circulating current .
8.2.3 Shaft earthing current .
8.2.4 Capacitive discharge current .
8.2.1 Common mode voltage . 44
8.2.2 Motor HF equivalent circuit and the resulting bearing current types . 45
8.2.3 Circulating current . 47
8.2.4 Rotor ground current . 48
8.2.5 Electrostatic Discharge Machining (EDM) currents . 49
8.3 Common-mode circuit .
8.3.1 General .
8.3.2 System common-mode current flow .
8.3 Consequences of excessive bearing currents . 51
8.4 Stray capacitances .
8.4.1 General .
8.4.2 Major component of capacitance .
8.4.3 Other capacitances .
8.4 Preventing high-frequency bearing current damage . 58
8.4.1 Basic approaches . 58
8.4.2 Other preventive measures . 58
8.4.3 Other factors and features influencing the bearing currents . 61
8.5 Additional considerations for electrical machines motors fed by high voltage
source converters . 62
8.5.1 General . 62
8.5.2 Bearing protection of cage induction, brushless synchronous and
permanent magnet electrical machines motors . 62
8.5.3 Bearing protection for slip-ring electrical machines motors and for
synchronous electrical machines motors with brush excitation. 62
8.6 Bearing current protection for electrical machines motors fed by high-voltage
current source converters . 62
9 Installation . 62
9.1 Earthing, bonding and cabling . 62
9.1.1 General . 62
9.1.2 Earthing . 63
9.1.3 Bonding of electrical machines . 63
9.1.4 Electrical machine power cables for high switching frequency
converters . 64
9.2 Reactors and filters . 69
9.2.1 General . 69
– 4 – IEC TS 60034-25:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
9.2.2 Output reactors . 69
9.2.3 Voltage limiting filter (du/dt filter) . 69
9.2.4 Sinusoidal filter . 69
9.2.5 Electrical machine termination unit . 69
9.3 Power factor correction . 70
9.4 Integral electrical machines (integrated electrical machine and drive
modules) .
...
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