IEC 62858:2019
(Main)Lightning density based on lightning location systems - General principles
Lightning density based on lightning location systems - General principles
IEC 62858:2019 introduces and discusses all necessary measures to make reliable and homogeneous the values of ground flash density, NG and ground strike point density, NSG, obtained from lightning location systems (LLSs) in various countries. Only parameters that are relevant to risk assessment are considered. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Two informative annexes are introduced dealing with the determination of lightning density for risk calculation (Annex A) and ground strike point calculation methods (Annex B).
Densité de foudroiement basée sur des systèmes de localisation de la foudre - Principes généraux
L'IEC 62858:2019 décrit et étudie l'ensemble des mesures nécessaires pour rendre fiables et homogènes les valeurs de la densité de foudroiement au sol, NSG, et de la densité de points d'impact au sol, NSG, obtenues par des systèmes de localisation de la foudre (LLS) dans différents pays. Seuls les paramètres essentiels à l'évaluation du risque sont pris en compte. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2015. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- Introduction de deux annexes informatives, traitant de la détermination de la densité de foudroiement pour le calcul du risque (Annexe A) et des méthodes de calcul concernant les points d'impact au sol (Annexe B).
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IEC 62858 ®
Edition 2.0 2019-10
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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inside
Lightning density based on lightning location systems – General principles
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
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variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
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IEC 62858 ®
Edition 2.0 2019-10
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Lightning density based on lightning location systems – General principles
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.020; 91.120.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-7497-2
– 2 – IEC 62858:2019 RLV © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbol . 8
4 General requirements . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Stroke-to-flash grouping . 9
4.3 Minimum observation periods . 9
4.4 Observation area . 9
4.5 Grid cell size . 10
4.6 Edge effect correction . 10
5 Validation of lightning location system performance characteristics . 10
Annex A (informative) Determination of lightning density for risk calculation . 12
Annex B (informative) Ground strike points (GSPs) explanations and calculation
methods . 13
Bibliography . 14
Figure A.1 – High resolution full climatology (HRFC) N data. 12
t
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LIGHTNING DENSITY BASED ON LIGHTNING LOCATION SYSTEMS –
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
made to the previous edition. A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change
has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text.
– 4 – IEC 62858:2019 RLV © IEC 2019
International Standard IEC 62858 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 81:
Lightning protection.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
Two informative annexes are introduced dealing with the determination of lightning density for
risk calculation (Annex A) and ground strike point calculation methods (Annex B).
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
81/627A/FDIS 81/634/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
International standards for lightning protection (e.g. IEC 62305-2) provide methods for the
evaluation of the lightning risk on buildings and structures.
The lightning ground flash density N , defined as the mean number of lightning flashes to
G
ground per square kilometre per year, and the ground strike point density N , defined as the
SG
mean number of ground strike points per square kilometre per year is are the primary input
parameters to perform such an evaluation (see Annex A).
In many areas of the world N is derived from data for risk evaluation are provided by
G
lightning location systems (LLSs), but no common rule exists defining requirements either for
their performance or for the elaboration of the measured data.
– 6 – IEC 62858:2019 RLV © IEC 2019
LIGHTNING DENSITY BASED ON LIGHTNING LOCATION SYSTEMS –
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1 Scope
This document introduces and discusses all necessary measures to make reliable and
homogeneous the values of ground flash density, N and ground strike point density, N ,
G SG
obtained from lightning location systems (LLSs) in various countries. Only parameters that are
relevant to risk assessment are considered.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 62305-1, Protection against lightning – Part 1: General principles
IEC 62305-2, Protection against lightning – Part 2: Risk management
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 62305-1 and
IEC 62305-2 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
cloud-to-ground lightning
CG
discharge that is comprised of one or more cloud-to-ground lightning strokes that propagate
from cloud to ground or vice versa and lead to a net transfer of charge between cloud and
ground
Note 1 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.1.2
cloud lightning
IC
discharge occurring within or among thunderclouds (intracloud), or between thunderclouds
(intercloud), or between cloud and air, without a ground termination
Note 1 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.1.3
first return stroke
first stroke to ground of a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge
Note 1 to entry: The stepped leader and attachment process precede the first return stroke.
3.1.4
subsequent stroke
subsequent stroke to ground that follows a previous (return) stroke in the same flash
Note 1 to entry: A subsequent stroke is preceded by a dart leader and may or may not have the same ground
strike-point as any previous (return) stroke in the same flash.
3.1.5
multiplicity
number of first and subsequent strokes in a cloud-to-ground lightning flash
3.1.1
ground flash density
N
G
-2 -1
mean number of cloud-to-ground flashes per unit area per unit time (flashes x km x year )
3.1.2
ground strike-point density
N
SG
mean of the number of strike-points to ground or to ground based objects per unit area per
-2 -1
unit time (strike-points x km x year )
3.1.3
lightning sensor
device t
...
IEC 62858 ®
Edition 2.0 2019-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Lightning density based on lightning location systems – General principles
Densité de foudroiement basée sur des systèmes de localisation
de la foudre (LLS) – Principes généraux
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
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CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or CISPR.
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
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IEC 62858 ®
Edition 2.0 2019-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Lightning density based on lightning location systems – General principles
Densité de foudroiement basée sur des systèmes de localisation
de la foudre (LLS) – Principes généraux
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.020; 91.120.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-7457-6
– 2 – IEC 62858:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 7
4 General requirements . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Stroke-to-flash grouping . 8
4.3 Minimum observation periods . 9
4.4 Observation area . 9
4.5 Grid cell size . 9
4.6 Edge effect correction . 9
5 Validation of lightning location system performance characteristics . 10
Annex A (informative) Determination of lightning density for risk calculation . 12
Annex B (informative) Ground strike points (GSPs) explanations and calculation
methods . 13
Bibliography . 14
Figure A.1 – High resolution full climatology (HRFC) N data. 12
t
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LIGHTNING DENSITY BASED ON LIGHTNING LOCATION SYSTEMS –
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62858 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 81:
Lightning protection.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
Two informative annexes are introduced dealing with the determination of lightning density for
risk calculation (Annex A) and ground strike point calculation methods (Annex B).
– 4 – IEC 62858:2019 © IEC 2019
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
81/627A/FDIS 81/634/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
International standards for lightning protection (e.g. IEC 62305-2) provide methods for the
evaluation of the lightning risk on buildings and structures.
The lightning ground flash density N , defined as the mean number of flashes per square
G
kilometre per year, and the ground strike point density N , defined as the mean number of
SG
ground strike points per square kilometre per year are the primary input parameters to
perform such an evaluation (see Annex A).
In many areas of the world data for risk evaluation are provided by lightning location systems
(LLSs), but no common rule exists defining requirements either for their performance or for
the elaboration of the measured data.
– 6 – IEC 62858:2019 © IEC 2019
LIGHTNING DENSITY BASED ON LIGHTNING LOCATION SYSTEMS –
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1 Scope
This document introduces and discusses all necessary measures to make reliable and
homogeneous the values of ground flash density, N and ground strike point density, N ,
G SG
obtained from lightning location systems (LLSs) in various countries. Only parameters that are
relevant to risk assessment are considered.
2 Normative references
T
...
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