IEC TR 61948-2:2001

Nuclear medicine instrumentation - Routine tests - Part 2: Scintillation cameras and single photon emission computed tomography imaging

This technical report is valid for single photon scintillation cameras with parallel hole collimators used in planar scintigraphy and tomography. The objective is to specify routine tests for quality control. Methods for the acceptance test are described in IEC 60789 and IEC 61675-2.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 12-Feb-2001
• ICS: 11.040.50 - Radiographic equipment
• Technical Committee: SC 62C - Equipment for radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and radiation dosimetry
• Drafting Committee: WG 2 - TC 62/SC 62C/WG 2
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 21-Aug-2019

Relations

• Revised: IEC TR 61948-2:2019 - Nuclear medicine instrumentation - Routine tests - Part 2: Scintillation cameras and single photon emission computed tomography imaging
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT
TR 61948-2
First edition
2001-02
Nuclear medicine instrumentation –
Routine tests –
Part 2:
Scintillation cameras and single photon emission
computed tomography imaging
Instrumentation en médecine nucléaire –
Essais de routine –
Partie 2:
Imagerie par caméras à scintillation et systèmes
de tomographie d'émission à photon unique

Reference number
IEC/TR 61948-2:2001(E)
Publication numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.

Consolidated editions
The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example,

edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the

base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating
amendments 1 and 2.
Further information on IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,
thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to
this publication, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue of
publications (see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda.
Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken
by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list
of publications issued, is also available from the following:
• IEC Web Site (www.iec.ch)
• Catalogue of IEC publications
The on-line catalogue on the IEC web site (www.iec.ch/catlg-e.htm) enables
you to search by a variety of criteria including text searches, technical
committees and date of publication. On-line information is also available on
recently issued publications, withdrawn and replaced publications, as well as
corrigenda.
• IEC Just Published
This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/JP.htm) is also
available by email. Please contact the Customer Service Centre (see below) for
further information.
• Customer Service Centre
If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance,
please contact the Customer Service Centre:
Email: [e-mail]
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT
TR 61948-2
First edition
2001-02
Nuclear medicine instrumentation –
Routine tests –
Part 2:
Scintillation cameras and single photon emission
computed tomography imaging
Instrumentation en médecine nucléaire –
Essais de routine –
Partie 2:
Imagerie par caméras à scintillation et systèmes
de tomographie d'émission à photon unique

 IEC 2001  Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: [phone] e-mail: [e-mail] IEC web site http://www.iec.ch
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE
M
International Electrotechnical Commission
For price, see current catalogue

– 2 – TR 61948-2  IEC:2001(E)

CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 3

Clause
1 Scope and object . 5

2 Reference documents . 5

3 Terminology and definitions . 5
4 Test methods .8
4.1 Planar imaging. 8
4.1.1 ENERGY WINDOW SETTING . 8
4.1.2 Background. 8
4.1.3 Sensitivity check . 8
4.1.4 Non-uniformity . 9
4.1.5 PIXEL SIZE. 9
4.1.6 Resolution/linearity . 9
4.2 Tomographic imaging (SPECT) . 9
4.2.1 DETECTOR HEAD TILT . 9
ENTRE OF ROTATION
4.2.2 C (COR). 10
4.2.3 Tomographic non-uniformity. 10
4.3 Wholebody imaging . 11
4.4 Frequency of ROUTINE TESTS . 11
Annex A Index of defined terms . 13

TR 61948-2  IEC:2001(E) – 3 –

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION –

ROUTINE TESTS –
Part 2: Scintillation cameras and

single photon emission computed tomography imaging

FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this technical report may be the subject of
patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 61948-2, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 62C:
Equipment for radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and radiation dosimetry, of IEC technical

committee 62: Electrical equipment in medical practice.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
62C/256/CDV 62C/266A/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

– 4 – TR 61948-2  IEC:2001(E)

In this technical report the following print types are used:

– requirements, compliance with which can be tested, and definitions: in roman type;

– notes, explanations, advice, introductions, general statements, exceptions and references: in smaller roman
type;
– test specifications: in italic type;

– TERMS DEFINED IN CLAUSE 3 OF THIS TECHNICAL REPORT OR LISTED IN ANNEX A: SMALL CAPITALS.

The requirements are followed by specifications for the relevant tests.

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2005. At this date, the publication will be
reconfirmed;
withdrawn;
replaced by a revised edition, or
amended.
This document, which is purely informative, is not to be regarded as an International
Standard.
TR 61948-2  IEC:2001(E) – 5 –

NUCLEAR MEDICINE INSTRUMENTATION –

ROUTINE TESTS –
Part 2: Scintillation cameras and

single photon emission computed tomography imaging

1 Scope and object
This technical report is valid for single photon SCINTILLATION CAMERAS with parallel hole
collimators used in planar scintigraphy and tomography. The objective is to specify ROUTINE
TESTS for QUALITY CONTROL. Methods for the ACCEPTANCE TEST are described in IEC 60789 and
IEC 61675-2.
2 Reference documents
IEC 60788:1984, Medical radiology – Terminology
IEC 60789:1992, Characteristics and test conditions of radionuclide imaging devices – Anger
type gamma cameras
IEC 61675-2:1998, Radionuclide imaging devices – Characteristics and test conditions –
Part 2: Single photon emission computed tomographs
IEC 61675-3:1998, Radionuclide imaging devices – Characteristics and test conditions –
Part 3: Gamma camera based wholebody imaging systems
3 Terminology and definitions
For the purposes of this technical report the definitions given in IEC 60788, IEC 60789,
IEC 61675-2 and IEC 61675-3 and the following definitions apply (see annex A). Defined
terms are printed in small capital letters.
3.1
QUALITY CONTROL
part of the quality assurance in nuclear medicine including tests of instruments with

appropriate test methods
NOTE Includes both the ACCEPTANCE TEST and the ROUTINE TEST.
3.2 Methodology
3.2.1
ACCEPTANCE TEST
test carried out at the request and with the participation of the user or his representative to
ascertain by determination of proper performance parameters that the instrument meets the
specifications claimed by the vendor
NOTE An ACCEPTANCE TEST should be carried out at the time of installation and when appropriate after major
ACCEPTANCE TESTING REFERENCE DATA
service. During or immediately after , are collected to be used as a standard
for comparison in future ROUTINE TESTS.

– 6 – TR 61948-2  IEC:2001(E)

3.2.2
ROUTINE TEST
test of a piece of equipment or its components which is repeated at specified intervals, to

establish and document changes from the initial status described by REFERENCE DATA

NOTE A ROUTINE TEST could be carried out by the user with simple methods and equipment.

3.2.3
REFERENCE DATA
a set of data measured immediately after ACCEPTANCE TESTING using test methods designed

for ROUTINE TESTING
3.3
DETECTOR HEAD
consists of the radiation detector, the collimator and the radiation shield
3.3.1
DETECTOR HEAD TILT
deviation of the COLLIMATOR AXIS from orthogonality with the SYSTEM AXIS
3.3.2
DETECTOR FIELD OF VIEW
region of the detector within which events are included in the displayed image. This region
has to be specified by the manufacturer.
3.4
WHOLEBODY IMAGING DEVICE
equipment for scintigraphy, employing one or two DETECTOR HEAD(S), in which the image is
formed by linear motion of the DETECTOR HEAD(S) and the object relative to each other
3.5
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT)
emission computed tomography utilizing single photon detection of gamma-ray emitting
RADIONUCLIDES
3.6
NON-UNIFORMITY OF RESPONSE
in a RADIONUCLIDE imaging device, difference in count rate between small areas of specified
dimensions within the DETECTOR FIELD OF VIEW when a uniform plane source parallel to the
detector face and of dimensions larger than its entrance field is used
3.6.1
INTRINSIC NON-UNIFORMITY OF RESPONSE
the NON-UNIFORMITY OF RESPONSE of the DETECTOR HEAD without collimator
3.6.2
SYSTEM NON-UNIFORMITY OF RESPONSE
the NON-UNIFORMITY OF RESPONSE of the DETECTOR HEAD with collimator
3.7
SYSTEM SENSITIVITY
with a specified collimator and PULSE AMPLITUDE ANALYZER WINDOW, the ratio of the count rate
of the DETECTOR HEAD to the ACTIVITY of a plane source of specific dimensions and containing
a specified RADIONUCLIDE placed perpendicular to and centered on the COLLIMATOR AXIS under
specified conditions
TR 61948-2  IEC:2001(E) – 7 –

3.8
IMAGE MATRIX
arrangement of MATRIX ELEMENTS in a preferentially Cartesian coordinate system

3.9
OFFSET
deviation of the position of the PROJECTION of the COR (X′ ) from X = 0
p p
3.10
SINOGRAM
the two dimensional display of all one-dimensional PROJECTIONs of an OBJECT SLICE, as a

function of the PROJECTION ANGLE. The PROJECTION ANGLE is displayed on the ordinate. The
linear PROJECTION coordinate is displayed on the abscissa
3.11
RADIONUCLIDE
radioactive nuclide
3.12
ACTIVITY
letter symbol: A
quantitative indication of the radioactivity of an amount of RADIONUCLIDE in a particular energy
state at a given time. ACTIVITY is determined as the quotient of dN by dt, where dN is the
expectation value of the number of spontaneous nuclear transitions from that energy state in
the time interval dt:
dN
A =
dt
–1
The unit of ACTIVITY is the reciprocal second (s ). The special name of the unit of ACTIVITY is
the becquerel (Bq), 1
...