IEC TR 63410:2023
(Main)Decentralized electrical energy systems roadmap
Decentralized electrical energy systems roadmap
IEC TR 63410:2023, which is a Technical Report, aims to prepare a road map for categorizing Decentralized Electrical Energy Systems and identifying gaps in the existing standards relevant to Decentralized Electrical Energy Systems. The task of IEC Subcommittee 8B is to develop IEC publications enabling the development of secure, reliable and cost-effective systems with decentralized management for electrical energy supply, which are alternative, complementary or precursors to traditional large interconnected and highly centralized systems. This includes but is not limited to AC, DC, AC/DC hybrid decentralized electrical energy system, such as distributed generation, distributed energy storage, dispatchable loads, virtual power plants and electrical energy systems having interaction with multiple types of distributed energy resources.
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IEC TR 63410
®
Edition 1.0 2023-03
TECHNICAL
REPORT
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Decentralized electrical energy systems roadmap
IEC TR 63410:2023-03(en)
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IEC TR 63410
®
Edition 1.0 2023-03
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Decentralized electrical energy systems roadmap
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.240.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-6624-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
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– 2 – IEC TR 63410:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions. 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
4 Methodology . 11
5 Market analysis, market segmentation and business models . 13
5.1 Online survey . 13
5.1.1 General . 13
5.1.2 Outcomes from the 2018 survey on decentralized electrical energy
systems . 13
5.1.3 Outcomes from the 2020 survey on microgrids . 14
5.2 Categories of decentralized electrical energy systems . 17
5.2.1 General . 17
5.2.2 Categories based on application scenarios . 17
5.2.3 Categories based on technical features . 18
5.3 Decentralized electrical energy systems market assessment . 19
5.3.1 Stakeholders identification . 19
5.3.2 Market outlook . 20
5.4 Market needs and business models for decentralized electrical energy
systems . 21
5.5 Conceptual approach from DER to microgrid . 24
6 Reference architectures, roles and use cases . 26
6.1 Architecture model for DER management (as proposed by SyC SE) . 26
6.2 Actors and Roles (from SyC SE) . 29
6.3 Use Cases: Microgrids . 34
6.3.1 General . 34
6.3.2 Business Use Case A: Microgrid-Guarantee a continuity in load service
by islanding referencing IEC 62898-4 . 35
6.3.3 Perspectives . 38
6.4 Use Cases: Non-conventional distribution systems . 38
6.4.1 Grid-tied local systems . 38
6.4.2 Multi-energy local systems. 39
6.4.3 DC distribution systems . 39
6.4.4 Electric vehicles . 40
6.5 Use cases: Virtual power plants . 40
7 Standards identification and gap analysis . 41
7.1 Microgrids . 41
7.1.1 General . 41
7.1.2 Needs identified for microgrid standardization . 41
7.1.3 Gaps identified for microgrid standardization . 42
7.2 Non-conventional distribution systems . 43
7.2.1 Needs identified and gap analysis of grid-tied local system . 43
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IEC TR 63410:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
7.2.2 Needs identified and gap analysis of multi-energy local system . 44
7.2.3 Needs identified and gap analysis of DC distribution system . 45
7.3 Virtual power plants . 48
7.3.1 Needs identified for virtual power plants standardization . 48
7.3.2 Gaps identified for virtual power plants standardization . 49
8 Proposal for future actions to address the standardization needs for decentralized
electrical energy systems . 49
8.1 Microgrids . 49
8.2 Non-conventional distribution systems . 50
8.3 Virtual power plants . 51
8.4 DC distribution systems . 52
Annex A (Informative) Online survey . 53
A.1 Overview . 53
A.2 Result summary and challenges. 53
A.2.1 Result summary . 53
A.2.2 Challenges . 60
A.3 List of the questions . 61
Annex B (Informative) Microgrid and its application . 68
B.1 Overview . 68
B.2 Components . 71
B.2.1 General . 71
B.2.2 Distributed generation . 73
B.2.3 Distributed energy storage . 74
B.2.4 Microgrid modelling, simulation and evaluation . 74
B.2.5 Microgrid planning and design . 74
B.2.6 Microgrid operation control and energy management . 74
B.2.7 Microgrid relay protection . 75
B.2.8 Microgrid power quality . 75
B.2.9 Microgrid information and communication . 75
B.3 List of standards . 75
Annex C (Informative) List of identified existing microgrids projects . 78
Bibliography . 85
Figure 1 – From system requirements to product standards (TC8 Road map) . 12
Figure 2 – SC 8B work groups, fields and work programmes . 12
Figure 3 – General view of the microgrids projects implementation in countries . 14
Figure 4 – New technologies developed for microgrids. 16
Figure 5 – Standardization satisfaction in the area . 17
Figure 6 – Total microgrids revenue by forecast scenario, world markets:2013-2020 . 20
Figure 7 – DER Capacity Installments as a Percentage of New Centralized Generation,
Regional Averages: 2015-2024, Source: Navigant Research . 21
Figure 8 – Recursive conceptual model of DERs . 25
Figure 9 – The conceptual model for microgrids . 25
Figure 10 – Example of a hierarchical DER system five-level architecture in SGAM
format . 27
Figure A.1 – Variety of participants . 53
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Figure A.2 – Involvement of government in the microgrid development . 54
Figure A.3 – Diversity of microgrid projects and requirement of technologies . 55
Figure A.4 – Standards needs for microgrids . 56
Figure A.5 – Participation of government in the non-conventional distribution system
development . 57
Figure A.6 – Drivers and types of non-conventional distribution system projects . 58
Figure A.7 – Standards needs for non-conventional distribution system . 60
Figure A.8 – Challenges . 61
Figure B.1 – Microgrid benefits . 70
Figure B.2 – Microgrid and constitutive components . 72
Figure B.3 – Generic configuration and main components of advanced microgrids
enabling technologies . 73
Table 1 – Market Status and roadmap to 2020 . 15
Table 2 – Business Roles of the domain . 29
Table 3 – System Roles of the domain . 31
Table A.1 – List of the questions . 61
Table B.1 – Detailed list of existing IEC relevant standards . 76
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IEC TR 63410:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
DECENTRALIZED ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS ROADMAP
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC TR 63410 has been prepared by subcommittee 8B: Decentralized Electrical Energy
Systems, of IEC technical committee 8: System aspects for electrical supply. It is a Technical
Report.
The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
8B/139/DTR 8B/152/RVDTR
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Technical Report is English.
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– 6 – IEC TR 63410:2023 © IEC 2023
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
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IEC TR 63410:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
Decentralized Electrical Energy Systems are intended to support the development of safe,
secure and reliable systems with decentralized management for electrical energy supply,
alternative/complement/precursor to traditional large interconnected and highly centralized
systems.
Decentralized electrical energy systems have applications for developing countries (focusing
on access to electricity) as well as for developed countries (focusing on higher reliability, black-
out recovery and/or services). Interactions within Decentralized (Multi) Energy Systems are also
considered.
• Microgrids
A microgrid is an independent system composed of distributed energy resources, which
normally connected with main grid with tie-line. Due to the imbalance between supply and load,
a microgrid can either connect with main grid or operate independently.
• Non-conventional distribution systems
Non-conventional distribution systems include grid-tied local system, multi-energy local system
and DC distribution system.
A grid-tied local system means a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy
resources with defined electrical boundaries forming a local electric power system at distribution
voltage levels, that is not intended to be disconnected from a wider electric power system.
A multi-energy local system is composed of distributed power networks (such as electrical
power supply, gas supply, and cooling/heat supply networks), energy exchange segments (such
as CCHP unit, generator, boiler, air conditioner, and heat pump, etc.), distributed energy
storage segments (such as electricity storage, heat storage, gas storage, cooling storage, etc.)
and users.
One DC distribution system is an electrical power system formed by connecting the DC
electrical power supply, DC lines, DC converter stations, DC loads and monitoring systems in
the way of direct current, mainly completing DC electrical power distribution and consumption.
• Virtual Power Plants
A Virtual power plant achieves Distributed Energy Resources (DER) aggregation and
coordination optimization (such as DG, energy storage systems, controllable load, and electric
cars, etc.) through advanced ICT and software systems. It is considered as a special power
plant participating in electricity market and power grid operation.
• Decentralized DC distribution system
The decentralized DC distribution system is mostly distributed in the strong demand DC power
supply area or in the area of high DC load density, and in the areas where DC power supply
and DC load exist simultaneously. The decentralized DC distribution systems are distributed in
AC power supply areas. [Source: IEC SC 8B, WG5]
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– 8 – IEC TR 63410:2023 © IEC 2023
DECENTRALIZED ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS ROADMAP
1 Scope
IEC TR 63410, which is a Technical Report, aims to prepare a road map for categorizing
Decentralized Electrical Energy Systems and identifying gaps in the existing standards relevant
to Decentralized Electrical Energy Systems. The task of IEC Subcommittee 8B is to develop
IEC publications enabling the development of secure, reliable and cost-effective systems with
decentralized management for electrical energy supply, which are alternative, complementary
or precursors to traditional large interconnected and highly centralized systems. This includes
but is not limited to AC, DC, AC/DC hybrid decentralized electrical energy system, such as
distributed generation, distributed energy storage, dispatchable loads, virtual power plants and
electrical energy systems having interaction with multiple types of distributed energy resources.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviated terms apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
microgrid
group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources with defined electrical
boundaries forming a local electric power system at distribution voltage levels, that acts as a
single controllable entity and is able to operate in grid-connected and/or island mode
Note 1 to entry: This definition covers both (utility) distribution microgrids and/or customer owned microgrids.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2009, 617-04-22]
3.1.2
isolated microgrid
group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources with defined electrical
boundaries forming a local electric power system at distribution voltage levels, that cannot be
connected to a wider electric power system
Note 1 to entry: Isolated microgrids are usually designed for geographical islands or for rural electrification.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2009/AMD2:2017, 617-04-23]
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IEC TR 63410:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
3.1.3
black start
start-up of an electric power system from a blackout through internal energy resources
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2009, 617-04-24]
3.1.4
virtual power plant
VPP
party or system that realizes aggregation, optimization and control of decentralized generations,
energy storage devices and controllable loads, which are not necessarily within the same
geographical area, and facilitate the activities in power system operations and electricity market
1
[SOURCE: IEC TS 63189-1:— ]
3.1.5
intentional island
island resulting from planned action(s) of automatic protections, or from deliberate action by
the responsible network operator, or both, in order to keep supplying electrical energy to a
section of an electric power system
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2009/AMD2:2017, 617-04-17]
3.1.6
prosumer
network user that consumes and produces electrical energy
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2009, 617-02-16]
3.1.7
aggregator
party who contracts with a number of other network users (e.g. energy consumers) in order to
combine the effect of smaller loads or distributed energy resources for actions such as demand
response or for ancillary services
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2009, 617-02-18]
3.1.8
microgrid operator
party responsible for the safe and reliable operation of a microgrid
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2009, 617-02-19]
3.1.9
microgrid user
party who supplies electric energy or is supplied with electrical energy through a microgrid
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2009, 617-02-20]
___________
1
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: IEC/PRVDTS 63189-1:2023.
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3.2 Abbreviated terms
ADEMS Aggregator DER Management System
AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure
BDEMS Building DER EMS
BUC Business Use Cases
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CHP Combined Heat and Power
CIM Common Information Model
CIS Customer Information System
CVPP Commercial VPP
CVR Conservative Voltage Reduction
DDEMS DSO DER EMS
DER Distributed Energy Resources
DERMS DER Management Systems
DES Distributed Energy Storage
DMS Distribution Management System
DOMA Distribution Operations Model and Analysis
DR Demand Response
DSCADA Distribution SCADA System
DSOs Distribution System Operators
DSPF Distribution System Power Flow
ECPs Electrical Connection Points
EPS Electric Power System
ESPs Energy Service Providers
ESI Energy Services Interface
EV Electric Vehicle
EVEMS Electric Vehicle EMS
EVSE Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
FDEMS Facility DER Energy Management Systems
GIS Geographical Information Systems
GOOSE Generic Object Oriented Substation Event
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEV International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISOs Independent System Operators
LAN Local Area Network
MDEMS Microgrid DER EMS
MDMS Meter Data Management System
NEA National Energy Administration
OMS Outage Management Systems
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IEC TR 63410:2023 © IEC 2023 – 11 –
PAS Publicly Available Specifications
PCC Point of Common Coupling
PDEMS Power Plant DER EMS
PPA Power Purchase Agreements
PV Photovoltaic System
REP Retail Energy Providers
RDEMS Retail DER Energy Management System
RTOs Regional Transmission Organizations
SGAM Smart Grid Architecture Model
SyC SE System Committee Smart Energy
TBLM Transmission Bus Load Model
TCs Technical Committees
TSOs Transmission System Operators
TVPP Technical VPP
VDEMS Virtual Power Plant DER EMS
WAN Wide Area Network
4 Methodology
A System Approach is a holistic, iterative process that helps to deal with complex situations.
This document is developed as a means of exchange with the System Committee Smart Energy
and other involved Technical Committees (TCs) in order to identify applicable standards and
standardization work to be undertaken.
Figure 1 identifies links between TCs and Syste
...
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