IEC TR 61292-6:2010

Optical amplifiers - Part 6: Distributed Raman amplification

IEC/TR 61292-6:2010(E) deals with distributed Raman amplification (DRA). The main purpose of the report is to provide background material for future standards (specifications, test methods and operating procedures) relating to DRA.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Feb-2010
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 33.160.10 - Amplifiers
• ICS: 33.180.30 - Optic amplifiers
• Technical Committee: SC 86C - Fibre optic systems and active devices
• Drafting Committee: WG 3 - TC 86/SC 86C/WG 3
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 17-Dec-2021
• Completion Date: 11-Jan-2023

Relations

• Revised: IEC TR 61292-6:2023 - Optical amplifiers - Part 6: Distributed Raman amplification
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC/TR 61292-6 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Optical amplifiers –
Part 6: Distributed Raman amplification

IEC/TR 61292-6:2010(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or

IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.

Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette

publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: [e-mail]
Web: www.iec.ch
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
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in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
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IEC/TR 61292-6 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Optical amplifiers –
Part 6: Distributed Raman amplification

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
T
ICS 33.160.10; 33.180.30 ISBN 978-2-88910-482-6
– 2 – TR 61292-6 © IEC:2010(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4

INTRODUCTION.6

1 Scope.7

2 Normative references.7

3 Abbreviated terms.8

4 Background .8

4.1 General .8

4.2 Raman amplification process .8
4.3 Distributed vs. lumped amplification .10
4.4 Tailoring the Raman gain spectrum.10
4.5 Forward and backward pumping configuration.11
4.6 Typical performance of DRA .12
5 Applications of distributed Raman amplification.13
5.1 General .13
5.2 All-Raman systems.13
5.3 Hybrid EDFA Raman systems .14
5.3.1 Long repeaterless links .14
5.3.2 Long span masking in multi-span links .15
5.3.3 High capacity long haul and ultra-long haul systems .15
6 Performance characteristics and test methods .15
6.1 General .15
6.2 Performance of the Raman pump module .16
6.2.1 Pump wavelengths.16
6.2.2 Pump output power .16
6.2.3 Pump degree-of-polarization (DOP).17
6.2.4 Pump relative intensity noise (RIN) .17
6.2.5 Insertion loss .17
6.2.6 Other passive characteristics .18
6.3 System level performance.18
6.3.1 On-off signal gain .18
6.3.2 Gain flatness .19
6.3.3 Polarization dependant gain (PDG) .20

6.3.4 Equivalent noise figure.20
6.3.5 Multi-path interference (MPI).20
7 Operational issues .21
7.1 General .21
7.2 Dependence of Raman gain on transmission fibre.21
7.3 Fibre line quality .22
7.4 High pump power issues.22
7.4.1 Laser safety.23
7.4.2 Damage to the fibre line.23
8 Conclusions.24
Bibliography .25

TR 61292-6 © IEC:2010(E) – 3 –

Figure 1 – Stimulated Raman scattering process (left) and Raman gain spectrum for

silica fibres (right) .9

Figure 2 – Distributed vs. lumped amplification.10

Figure 3 – The use of multiple pump wavelengths to achieve flat broadband gain.11

Figure 4 – Simulation results showing pump and signal propagation along an SMF span

in forward (right plot) and backward (left plot) pumping configurations .11

Figure 5 – On-off gain and equivalent NF for SMF using a dual pump backward DRA

with pumps at 1 424 nm and 1 452 nm .13

Figure 6 – Typical configuration of an amplification site in an all-Raman system .14

Figure 7 – Typical configuration of a Raman pump module used for counter-propagating
DRA.16
Figure 8 – Model for signal insertion loss (IL) of a Raman pump module used for
counter-propagating DRA .18
Figure 9 – Typical configuration used to measure on of gain (a) for co-propagating DRA
and (b) for counter-propagating DRA .19
Figure 10 – Variations of Raman on-off gain for different transmission fibres .22

– 4 – TR 61292-6 © IEC:2010(E)

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS –
Part 6: Distributed Raman amplification

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 61292-6, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic
systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
86C/910/DTR 86C/936/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.

TR 61292-6 © IEC:2010(E) – 5 –

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A list of all parts of the IEC 61292 series, published under the general title Optical amplifiers,

can be found on the IEC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will

remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under

"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data relat
...

IEC/TR 61292-6 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Optical amplifiers –
Part 6: Distributed Raman amplification

IEC/TR 61292-6:2010(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: [e-mail]
Web: www.iec.ch
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
ƒ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email: [e-mail]
Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
IEC/TR 61292-6 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Optical amplifiers –
Part 6: Distributed Raman amplification

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
T
ICS 33.160.10; 33.180.30 ISBN 978-2-88910-482-6
– 2 – TR 61292-6 © IEC:2010(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references.7
3 Abbreviated terms.8
4 Background .8
4.1 General .8
4.2 Raman amplification process .8
4.3 Distributed vs. lumped amplification .10
4.4 Tailoring the Raman gain spectrum.10
4.5 Forward and backward pumping configuration.11
4.6 Typical performance of DRA .12
5 Applications of distributed Raman amplification.13
5.1 General .13
5.2 All-Raman systems.13
5.3 Hybrid EDFA Raman systems .14
5.3.1 Long repeaterless links .14
5.3.2 Long span masking in multi-span links .15
5.3.3 High capacity long haul and ultra-long haul systems .15
6 Performance characteristics and test methods .15
6.1 General .15
6.2 Performance of the Raman pump module .16
6.2.1 Pump wavelengths.16
6.2.2 Pump output power .16
6.2.3 Pump degree-of-polarization (DOP).17
6.2.4 Pump relative intensity noise (RIN) .17
6.2.5 Insertion loss .17
6.2.6 Other passive characteristics .18
6.3 System level performance.18
6.3.1 On-off signal gain .18
6.3.2 Gain flatness .19
6.3.3 Polarization dependant gain (PDG) .20
6.3.4 Equivalent noise figure.20
6.3.5 Multi-path interference (MPI).20
7 Operational issues .21
7.1 General .21
7.2 Dependence of Raman gain on transmission fibre.21
7.3 Fibre line quality .22
7.4 High pump power issues.22
7.4.1 Laser safety.23
7.4.2 Damage to the fibre line.23
8 Conclusions.24
Bibliography .25

TR 61292-6 © IEC:2010(E) – 3 –
Figure 1 – Stimulated Raman scattering process (left) and Raman gain spectrum for
silica fibres (right) .9
Figure 2 – Distributed vs. lumped amplification.10
Figure 3 – The use of multiple pump wavelengths to achieve flat broadband gain.11
Figure 4 – Simulation results showing pump and signal propagation along an SMF span
in forward (right plot) and backward (left plot) pumping configurations .11
Figure 5 – On-off gain and equivalent NF for SMF using a dual pump backward DRA
with pumps at 1 424 nm and 1 452 nm .13
Figure 6 – Typical configuration of an amplification site in an all-Raman system .14
Figure 7 – Typical configuration of a Raman pump module used for counter-propagating
DRA.16
Figure 8 – Model for signal insertion loss (IL) of a Raman pump module used for
counter-propagating DRA .18
Figure 9 – Typical configuration used to measure on of gain (a) for co-propagating DRA
and (b) for counter-propagating DRA .19
Figure 10 – Variations of Raman on-off gain for different transmission fibres .22

– 4 – TR 61292-6 © IEC:2010(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS –
Part 6: Distributed Raman amplification

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 61292-6, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic
systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
86C/910/DTR 86C/936/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.

TR 61292-6 © IEC:2010(E) – 5 –
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61292 series, published under the general title Optical amplifiers,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual versi
...